Challenges and Reformation in Church History
The content discusses significant challenges faced by the Catholic Church in the Middle Ages, including issues such as political power, heresy, simony, and indulgences. It then delves into the role of Martin Luther in sparking the Reformation with his 95 Theses, leading to his excommunication and the subsequent division within Christianity. The impact of the Diet of Worms and the Peace of Augsburg in shaping religious practices is also highlighted.
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Presentation Transcript
Comunicacin y Gerencia T he T he R eformation R eformation
P roblems Political Power: The Church was focused on keeping/regaining its Medieval political power Heresy: An opinion that conflicts with official church beliefs All heretics are either excommunicated or executed Simony: Paying for a position in the clergy Indulgences: Paying money for sins to be forgiven without penance Covenant of Works: Must continually do good deeds if you want salvation Did not apply to higher clergy P roblems with the C atholic C hurch with the C atholic C hurch
M artin L uther M artin L uther 95 Theses: List of 95 problems Luther had with the church Nailed the list to the church door at Wittenberg Salvation: How a soul is saved Luther believed Jesus is the only way to salvation Sola Fide: Faith alone (against the Covenant of Works ) Sola Scriptura: Scripture alone is the truth; not open to interpretation by priests Priesthood of All Believers: Clergy are not better than any one else You do not need to pray through a clergy member Anyone can study the Bible or preach if he feels called
R esults R esults Diet of Worms: 1521 Luther was excommunicated by Pope Leo X Holy Roman Emperor Charles V asked Luther to abandon his ideas Luther refused, and his writings were outlawed by the Church
R esults R esults Diet of Worms: 1521 Luther was excommunicated by Pope Leo X Holy Roman Emperor Charles V asked Luther to abandon his ideas Luther refused, and his writings were outlawed by the Church Peace of Augsburg: 1555 Charles V forced to compromise with German princes who wanted to follow Luther s new ideas Each German ruler allowed to choose the religion of his state Most chose Lutheranism over the Catholic Church
S ects S ects Henry VIII and the Anglican Church: Henry was a devout Catholic Wanted a divorce from his wife because she had not given birth to a son and she was getting too old to have children Pope refused to grant the divorce Henry withdrew England from the Catholic Church Created Church of England (Anglican Church) and was originally very similar to Catholicism Henry divorced two wives, beheaded two more, one died, and one outlived him; he only had one son (who died at age 16)
S ects S ects Calvinism: Influenced by Erasmus (Northern Humanist) Believed Church should be simple, not ornate; 4 walls and a sermon Predestination: God decided at the beginning of time who to save ( The elect ); must live by a high moral standard Self-discipline:Lifestyle of the elect; completely dedicated one s life to God s wishes; no dancing, card playing, foul language, showy dress etc
S ects S ects Huguenots: French Calvinists (France was mostly Catholic) Catholic monarchs feared the Huguenots St. Bartholomew s Day Massacre (1572): Bloody civil war of French Catholics versus the Huguenots; Catholics massacred thousands of Huguenots
S ects S ects Huguenots: French Calvinists (France was mostly Catholic) Catholic monarchs feared the Huguenots St. Bartholomew s Day Massacre (1572): Bloody civil war of French Catholics versus the Huguenots; Catholics massacred thousands of Huguenots Edict of Nantes (1598): King Henry IV gave Huguenots freedom of worship and some political rights
S tart of the C atholic R eformation 1530s: Catholic Church s efforts to fix corruptions in the church and stop the spread of Protestantism. S tart of the C atholic R eformation
G oals of the C atholic R eformation Revive the Catholic faith Combat heresy Officially define Catholic doctrine Slow/halt the spread of Protestantism G oals of the C atholic R eformation
T he C ouncil of T rent T he C ouncil of T rent 1545-1563: Defined official church positions on matters of doctrine Outlawed indulgences, increased pressure on clergy to behave better, and declared salvation is earned by obeying church rituals as well as faith.
R esults of the R eformation Birth of several new churches Fixed many of the Catholic Church s corruptions Large decrease in power of the Catholic Church in Europe Large increase of interest in education in Europe Increased power of national governments and decreased power of the Pope R esults of the R eformation
