The Reformation: Beyond Luther and the Radical Reformation
The 500
th
Anniversary of the Reformation
Session 3: Reform Beyond Luther
Radicals
Catholics
Dr. Ed Roslof
St. Alban’s Episcopal Church
Washington, DC
Recap of Luther’s Evangelical Christianity:
Simple, Personal
1.
Sola fide
–
Catholics: both faith and good deeds needed for salvation.
–
Luther on reading Romans 1:17 (“The righteous shall live by faith.”): “I felt as if I had been
born again and had entered Paradise through wide-open gates.”
2.
Sola Scriptura
–
Catholics: God reveals will to humans through Bible, councils, papal pronouncements.
–
Luther: only the Bible is divinely inspired.
3.
Priesthood of all believers
–
Catholics: priests have special spiritual powers from Apostles, in sacraments
–
Luther: all Christians have direct access to God through prayer. “Priests” are men called to care
for spiritual needs of parishioners full time
4.
Papal usurpation.
–
Catholics: Pope is Vicar of Christ on earth.
–
Luther: Popes had illegally seized position as head of Christianity. They were not even good
priests. They were the Antichrist.
5. Sacraments
–
Catholics: baptism, confirmation, Eucharist, marriage, ordination, penance, unction
–
Luther: Eucharist and baptism
Martin Luther John Calvin Ulrich Zwingli
Leaders of the
Magisterial Reformation
The Radical Reformation
Video introduction (thanks to Emo Phillips):
“We should all learn to love each other. Once I was
in San Francisco, walking along the Golden Gate
Bridge. And I saw this guy on the bridge about to
jump. I thought I’d try to stall him, detain him.
I said, ‘Don’t jump!’
He said, ‘Nobody loves me.’
I said, ‘God loves you. Do you believe in God?’...
Go to: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ANNX_XiuA78
Radical Reformation: Anabaptists
•
Anabaptist theology:
–
Church as a voluntary association of believers
(community of saints)
–
Believer’s (re-)baptism [Felix Manz, Zurich, 1525]
–
Return to apostolic practices and beliefs, including
communal living and millenarianism
–
Rejection of secular authority over church
•
Theocracy in Munster, 1534-1535
•
Ongoing persecution, turn to pacifism
Catholic Response
Council of Trent (1545-53)
•
Called by Paul III
•
Held in northern Italy
•
3 sessions, 5 popes
•
No compromise with
Protestantism
•
Reformed Catholic
doctrine and practice
•
Tridentine Mass
Society of Jesus
•
Ignatius of Loyola (1491-
1556),
Spiritual Exercises
•
First followers included
Francis Xavier
•
Jesuit order founded 1539,
ad maiorem Dei gloriam
•
Reformed Catholicism
from within
•
“shock troops of the
Counter Reformation”
Death of Luther, 1546
Luther’s Death Mask, Market Church in Halle
Catholic Response
Council of Trent (1545-53)
•
Called by Paul III
•
Held in northern Italy
•
3 sessions, 5 popes
•
No compromise with
Protestantism
•
Reformed Catholic
doctrine and practice
•
Tridentine Mass
Society of Jesus
•
Ignatius of Loyola (1491-
1556),
Spiritual Exercises
•
First followers included
Francis Xavier
•
Jesuit order founded 1539,
ad maiorem Dei gloriam
•
Reformed Catholicism
from within
•
“shock troops of the
Counter Reformation”
Final Session: November 26
“Why does St. Alban’s exist?”
•
The English Reformation
•
Distinctive features of Anglicanism
•
Origins of the Episcopal Church
Explore the Reform movement beyond Martin Luther, delving into the radical beliefs of Anabaptists and the Magisterial Reformation led by Luther, Calvin, and Zwingli. Uncover the significant differences in theology, practices, and beliefs that shaped Christianity during this transformative period. Witness the evolution of the Church and the theological debates that forever altered Christian thought.
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Presentation Transcript
The 500thAnniversary of the Reformation Session 3: Reform Beyond Luther Radicals Catholics Dr. Ed Roslof St. Alban s Episcopal Church Washington, DC
Recap of Luthers Evangelical Christianity: Simple, Personal 1. Sola fide Catholics: both faith and good deeds needed for salvation. Luther on reading Romans 1:17 ( The righteous shall live by faith. ): I felt as if I had been born again and had entered Paradise through wide-open gates. 2. Sola Scriptura Catholics: God reveals will to humans through Bible, councils, papal pronouncements. Luther: only the Bible is divinely inspired. 3. Priesthood of all believers Catholics: priests have special spiritual powers from Apostles, in sacraments Luther: all Christians have direct access to God through prayer. Priests are men called to care for spiritual needs of parishioners full time 4. Papal usurpation. Catholics: Pope is Vicar of Christ on earth. Luther: Popes had illegally seized position as head of Christianity. They were not even good priests. They were the Antichrist. 5. Sacraments Catholics: baptism, confirmation, Eucharist, marriage, ordination, penance, unction Luther: Eucharist and baptism
Martin Luther John Calvin Ulrich Zwingli Leaders of the Magisterial Reformation
The Radical Reformation Video introduction (thanks to Emo Phillips): We should all learn to love each other. Once I was in San Francisco, walking along the Golden Gate Bridge. And I saw this guy on the bridge about to jump. I thought I d try to stall him, detain him. I said, Don t jump! He said, Nobody loves me. I said, God loves you. Do you believe in God? ... Go to: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ANNX_XiuA78
Radical Reformation: Anabaptists Anabaptist theology: Church as a voluntary association of believers (community of saints) Believer s (re-)baptism [Felix Manz, Zurich, 1525] Return to apostolic practices and beliefs, including communal living and millenarianism Rejection of secular authority over church Theocracy in Munster, 1534-1535 Ongoing persecution, turn to pacifism
Catholic Response Council of Trent (1545-53) Called by Paul III Held in northern Italy 3 sessions, 5 popes No compromise with Protestantism Reformed Catholic doctrine and practice Tridentine Mass Society of Jesus Ignatius of Loyola (1491- 1556), Spiritual Exercises First followers included Francis Xavier Jesuit order founded 1539, ad maiorem Dei gloriam Reformed Catholicism from within shock troops of the Counter Reformation
Death of Luther, 1546 Luther s Death Mask, Market Church in Halle
Catholic Response Council of Trent (1545-53) Called by Paul III Held in northern Italy 3 sessions, 5 popes No compromise with Protestantism Reformed Catholic doctrine and practice Tridentine Mass Society of Jesus Ignatius of Loyola (1491- 1556), Spiritual Exercises First followers included Francis Xavier Jesuit order founded 1539, ad maiorem Dei gloriam Reformed Catholicism from within shock troops of the Counter Reformation
Final Session: November 26 Why does St. Alban s exist? The English Reformation Distinctive features of Anglicanism Origins of the Episcopal Church
