Body Composition: Types, Measurement Methods, and Impacts on Health
Body Composition
Chapter 9
Do Now- Intro to Body Comp.
•
Tell me anything that comes to mind when
you Hear the words Body Composition.
•
If you wanted to lower your Body
Composition tell me one thing you could
change about your diet today and stick with.
Somatotype
•
Your body type
•
3 different Somatotypes
–
Ectomorph
–
Endomorph
–
Mesomorph
Ectomorph
•
A lean, slender body type
•
Gaining weight is a little more
difficult
Mesomorph
•
A muscular
somatotype
Endomorph
•
Rounder heavier
somatotype
•
Staying lean can prove
to be harder with this
body type
Lean Body Mass v.s. Body Fat
•
Lean body
mass
–
Muscle
tissue
–
Bones,
ligaments,
tendons
•
Body fat
–
Results
from stored
calories that
have not
been
burned up.
Methods of Measuring Body Fat
•
Underwater Weighing
•
Electrical Impedence
•
Skin fold Measurement
•
BMI (Body Mass Index)
Underwater Weighting
•
Most
accurate
•
Most
Expensive
–
Pool
–
Scale
–
Trained
individuals
Electrical Impedance
•
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Every tissue has
different
electrical
impedance
determined by its
molecular
composition
Skinfold Measurement
•
Uses a
skinfold
caliper to
measure a
fold of skin
and its
underlying
layer of fat at
key locations
of the body
Usually taken from 3-9 anatomical spots
Iliac crest (pictured above)
Triceps
Biceps
Suprascapular (spinal area)/
Abdominal
Front thigh
Medical Calf
Chest (near armpit)
BMI
•
Stands for Body mass
index
•
BMI = 703 x Weight
___________
Height (in) X Height (in)
Ideal Body Weight
Males- age up to 30
9%- 15%
Females- age up to 30
14%- 21%
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Comes from inadequate calorie
Comes from inadequate calorie
intake or excessive energy
intake or excessive energy
expenditure
expenditure
Anorexics may even use laxatives,
Anorexics may even use laxatives,
enemas, and/or other diuretics (like
enemas, and/or other diuretics (like
water pills) to help lose weight
water pills) to help lose weight
Risk factors
Risk factors
Absence of menstruation
Absence of menstruation
Skeletal muscle atrophy
Skeletal muscle atrophy
Low blood pressure
Low blood pressure
Depression
Depression
Thinning hair
Thinning hair
Damage to vital organs
Damage to vital organs
Death from starvation
Death from starvation
Anorexia
Begin at older ages
Had a history of obesity or
overweight
Dennis Quaid, Elton John,
Billy Bob Thornton
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Characterized by binge eating
Characterized by binge eating
followed by purging
followed by purging
Purging
Purging
usually follows feelings of GUILT
usually follows feelings of GUILT
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Risk Factors
Risk Factors
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An anabolic (muscle
An anabolic (muscle
building) drug that
building) drug that
has been structurally
has been structurally
manipulated to mimic
manipulated to mimic
the muscle building
the muscle building
effects of
effects of
testosterone, while
testosterone, while
sidestepping a
sidestepping a
positive steroid test
positive steroid test
result
result
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High blood pressure and heart disease
High blood pressure and heart disease
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Liver damage and cancers
Liver damage and cancers
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Stroke and blood clots
Stroke and blood clots
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Urinary and bowel problems, such as diarrhea
Urinary and bowel problems, such as diarrhea
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Headaches, aching joints, and muscle cramps
Headaches, aching joints, and muscle cramps
•
Nausea and vomiting
Nausea and vomiting
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Sleep problems
Sleep problems
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Increased risk of ligament and tendon injuries
Increased risk of ligament and tendon injuries
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Severe acne, especially on face and back
Severe acne, especially on face and back
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Baldness
Baldness
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High school and middle school students and
High school and middle school students and
athletes need to be aware of the effect steroids
athletes need to be aware of the effect steroids
have on growth. Anabolic steroids, even in small
have on growth. Anabolic steroids, even in small
doses, have been shown to stop growth too soon.
doses, have been shown to stop growth too soon.
Adolescents also may be at risk for becoming
Adolescents also may be at risk for becoming
dependent on steroids. Adolescents who use
dependent on steroids. Adolescents who use
steroids are also more likely to use other addictive
steroids are also more likely to use other addictive
drugs and alcohol
drugs and alcohol
http://www.metacafe.com/watch/602876/tlcs_worlds_strongest_boy/
http://www.metacafe.com/watch/602876/tlcs_worlds_strongest_boy/
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One of the more disturbing effects of steroid use for
One of the more disturbing effects of steroid use for
males is that the body begins to produce less of its
males is that the body begins to produce less of its
own testosterone causing the following effects:
own testosterone causing the following effects:
Reduced sperm count
Reduced sperm count
Impotence
Impotence
Increase in nipple
Increase in nipple
and breast size
and breast size
Enlarged prostate
Enlarged prostate
Shrinking of the testicles
Shrinking of the testicles
Infertility
Infertility
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Since steroids act as a male
Since steroids act as a male
hormone, females may experience
hormone, females may experience
the following side effects:
the following side effects:
Reduced breast size
Reduced breast size
Increase in facial and body hair
Increase in facial and body hair
Deepened voice
Deepened voice
Menstrual problems
Menstrual problems
Male patterned baldness
Male patterned baldness
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“Roid rage”
“Roid rage”
Severe mood swings
Severe mood swings
Hallucinations
Hallucinations
Paranoia
Paranoia
Anxiety and panic attacks
Anxiety and panic attacks
Depression and thoughts of suicide
Depression and thoughts of suicide
Body composition is a key aspect of overall health and fitness. It involves understanding different somatotypes - ectomorph, endomorph, and mesomorph, as well as distinguishing between lean body mass and body fat. Various methods such as underwater weighing, electrical impedance, skinfold measurements, and BMI calculations are used to assess body fat levels accurately. Each body type presents unique challenges and approaches to achieve optimal composition for improved health and well-being.
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Presentation Transcript
Body Composition Chapter 9
D o N ow- Intro to B ody C omp. T ell me anything that comes to mind when you H ear the words B ody C omposition. If you wanted to lower your B ody C omposition tell me one thing you could change about your diet today and stick with.
Somatotype Your body type 3 different Somatotypes Ectomorph Endomorph Mesomorph
Ectomorph A lean, slender body type Gaining weight is a little more difficult
Mesomorph A muscular somatotype
Endomorph Rounder heavier somatotype Staying lean can prove to be harder with this body type
Lean Body Mass v.s. Body Fat Lean body mass Muscle tissue Bones, ligaments, tendons Body fat Results from stored calories that have not been burned up.
Methods of Measuring Body Fat Underwater Weighing Electrical Impedence Skin fold Measurement BMI (Body Mass Index)
Underwater Weighting Most accurate Most Expensive Pool Scale Trained individuals
Electrical Impedance How electricity travels though a given material Every tissue has different electrical impedance determined by its molecular composition
Skinfold Measurement Uses a skinfold caliper to measure a fold of skin and its underlying layer of fat at key locations of the body Usually taken from 3-9 anatomical spots Iliac crest (pictured above) Triceps Biceps Suprascapular (spinal area)/ Abdominal Front thigh Medical Calf Chest (near armpit)
BMI Stands for Body mass index BMI = 703 x Weight Height (in) X Height (in) ___________
Ideal Body Weight Cpl-running2 Males- age up to 30 9%- 15% Females- age up to 30 14%- 21%
Anorexia Characterized by the refusal to maintain a minimally accepted body weight, intense fear of weight gain, and a distorted body image Comes from inadequate calorie intake or excessive energy expenditure Anorexics may even use laxatives, enemas, and/or other diuretics (like water pills) to help lose weight
Risk factors Absence of menstruation Skeletal muscle atrophy Low blood pressure Depression Thinning hair Damage to vital organs Death from starvation
Anorexia Begin at older ages Had a history of obesity or overweight Dennis Quaid, Elton John, Billy Bob Thornton
Bulimia Characterized by binge eating followed by purging Purging usually follows feelings of GUILT
Risk Factors Both mental and physical issues must be dealt with. Treatment is available through either a hospital stay, or outpatient procedures
Steroids Used to increase musclesize and strength
Designer Steroids An anabolic (muscle building) drug that has been structurally manipulated to mimic the muscle building effects of testosterone, while sidestepping a positive steroid test result
Major side affects For both sexes High blood pressure and heart disease Liver damage and cancers Stroke and blood clots Urinary and bowel problems, such as diarrhea Headaches, aching joints, and muscle cramps Nausea and vomiting Sleep problems Increased risk of ligament and tendon injuries Severe acne, especially on face and back Baldness
A special danger to adolescents High school and middle school students and athletes need to be aware of the effect steroids have on growth. Anabolic steroids, even in small doses, have been shown to stop growth too soon. Adolescents also may be at risk for becoming dependent on steroids. Adolescents who use steroids are also more likely to use other addictive drugs and alcohol http://www.metacafe.com/watch/602876/tlcs_worlds_strongest_boy/
Male Side Effects One of the more disturbing effects of steroid use for males is that the body begins to produce less of its own testosterone causing the following effects: Reduced sperm count Impotence Increase in nipple and breast size Enlarged prostate Shrinking of the testicles Infertility
Female Side Effects Since steroids act as a male hormone, females may experience the following side effects: Reduced breast size Increase in facial and body hair Deepened voice Menstrual problems Male patterned baldness
Emotional effects Roid rage Severe mood swings Hallucinations Paranoia Anxiety and panic attacks Depression and thoughts of suicide
