Assessing Cereal Uses for Sustainability in Wallonia

This study explores the current and potential food and non-food uses of cereals in Wallonia by combining environmental and socio-economic life cycle assessments. It investigates scenarios for 2030, including business-as-usual trends, strategic optimization, local development, and global market focus. Stakeholders, including farmers and researchers, play a crucial role in defining sustainable and efficient uses of cereal resources in the region.

• Sustainability
• Cereal Uses
• Life Cycle Assessment
• Wallonia
• Scenarios

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1. Assessing existing and potential cereal food and non-food uses by combining E-LCA and S-LCA Alice Delcour, Florence Van Stappen avniR LCA Conference2012 Lille, 6-7 November 2012 Walloon Agricultural Research Centre www.cra.wallonie.be

2. Cereals food and non-food uses: 4F Cereals Human food uses Animal feed uses Material uses Energy uses FUEL FIBRE FOOD FEED Alice Delcour, Florence Van Stappen avniR LCA Conference 2012 Lille, 6-7 November 2012 Walloon Agricultural Research Centre www.cra.wallonie.be

3. ALT-4-CER: which Fs of the 4F for Wallonia? Key steps: STAKEHOLDERS 1. To draw the portrait of the Walloon cereals, and their current and future/potential uses To define several scenarios 2030 acc. to current trends (B-a-U) and contrasting breaks To develop environmental and socio- economic LCA methodologies fed with local data To integrate environmental and socio- economic aspects through multi- criteria analysis with stakeholders To provide clues for most sustainable and pertinent uses of the cereal resources in Wallonia questions / answers 2. SCENARIOS 4F 3. adaptation answers E-LCA S-LCA 4. demand offer LOCAL DATA Alice Delcour, Florence Van Stappen avniR LCA Conference 2012 Lille, 6-7 November 2012 Walloon Agricultural Research Centre www.cra.wallonie.be

4. Walloon context: main crops (% cultivated lands) Winter wheat Winter barley 7% 3% 8% Spelt Cereals: 66% 2% Grain maize 2% Forage maize 36% Sugar beet 12% Chicory Linseed Rapeseed 10% 16% Potato 3% Temporary meadows 1% 1% Flanders Flanders Source: DGSIE (INS)- Recensement agricole 2010 Wallonia Wallonia Brussels- Capital Capital Brussels- Alice Delcour, Florence Van Stappen avniR LCA Conference 2012 Lille, 6-7 November 2012 Walloon Agricultural Research Centre www.cra.wallonie.be

5. 6% 31% 16% Scenarios 2030: Grains + straw + forage maize 13% 17% 16% 12% Business-as-Usual: current trends extrapolated from past 15 years Strategic: environmental, economic and social optimization of current system Localisation: development of new cereal conversion units in Wallonia + increased autonomy Globalisation: massive export + focus on high added-value products (biorefinery, bio-based chemistry) 5% 6% 8% 9% 4% 1. 2. 3. 15% 16% 25% 33% 28% 64% 11% 57% 43% 28% 36% 4. 4 500 4 000 6% 3 500 16% 31% 3 000 13% 5% Export 6% 1000 T DM 8% 2 500 17% 16% 9% Fibre (litter, insulator) 12% Fuel/Biorefinery 1G+2G 2 000 16% 28% 11% 33% Feed 1 500 Food 64% 43% 1 000 57% 36% 500 28% 25% 15% 4% 0 Alice Delcour, Florence Van Stappen avniR LCA Conference 2012 Lille, 6-7 November 2012 Walloon Agricultural Research Centre www.cra.wallonie.be 2010 - baseline 2030 - B-a-U 2030 - strategic 2030 - localisation 2030 - globalisation

6. Scenarios analysis with E-LCA & S-LCA Cover the 3 pillars of sustainable development Common objective: evaluate environmental and socio-economic consequences of potential changes in the uses of Walloon cereals by 2030, in comparison with current situation (2010) Consequential LCA Society Ecology Economy E-LCA & S-LCA specific objectives: assess influence of cereal use chains on environmental & socio-economic performances within a given scenario Attributional LCA Common 4F functional unit = 1 ha Alice Delcour, Florence Van Stappen avniR LCA Conference 2012 Lille, 6-7 November 2012 Walloon Agricultural Research Centre www.cra.wallonie.be

7. System boundaries in E-LCA & S-LCA Local communities Workers Companies Farmers S-LCA Agricultural inputs manufacturers Grain wholesalers Cereal producers Processing Distributers Consumers Agricultural machinery manufacturers Agricultural contractors Animal breeder/ rearer Processing E-LCA Alice Delcour, Florence Van Stappen avniR LCA Conference 2012 Lille, 6-7 November 2012 Walloon Agricultural Research Centre www.cra.wallonie.be Physical flow between actors (transport) Influence between actors

8. Scenarios analysis with E-LCA Environmental LCA identify regional differencies regarding the cultivation step: (New) cropping practices; Machinery characteristics & fuel consumption; Direct field emissions assessment; Inputs management; Animal feeding & husbandry; etc + Conversion processes based on existing facilities Alice Delcour, Florence Van Stappen avniR LCA Conference 2012 Lille, 6-7 November 2012 Walloon Agricultural Research Centre www.cra.wallonie.be

9. Scenarios analysis with S-LCA Stakeholders categories Workers Companies Farmers (Local communities) Impact categories Impact subcategories Workings hours Health and safety at work Local employment Added value creation Working conditions Socio-economic repercussions Alice Delcour, Florence Van Stappen avniR LCA Conference 2012 Lille, 6-7 November 2012 Walloon Agricultural Research Centre www.cra.wallonie.be 9

10. Data inventory in S-LCA & LCC Working conditions: interviews: Using methodology Bilan Travail (labor balance for production step): Developed by INRA & Institut de l Elevage in order to assess work types and share for animal rearing systems To be adapted for cropping systems Use farms accounting data collected at the Walloon Region level (FADN-like) (production step) Transformation step: data collection from existing facilities Alice Delcour, Florence Van Stappen avniR LCA Conference 2012 Lille, 6-7 November 2012 Walloon Agricultural Research Centre www.cra.wallonie.be 10

11. Life Cycle Costing Detailed costs balance of cereal chains is not the objective of our project not a traditional LLC but a valuation of distribution of added value Objective: compare best value chain by studying distribution of costs according to chain link rather than an accurate estimation of their evolution in absolute value Are included: stocks, sales, raw materials, labour force costs, etc. Could be distributed according to working hours for example Centre wallon de Recherches agronomiques Unit Biomasse, bioproduits et nergie www.cra.wallonie.be 11

12. Multi-criteria Analysis Integrate environmental and socio-economic impacts (E-LCA & S-LCA results) Involve stakeholders (producers, policy makers, consumers): Identify most relevant impact categories, group/prioritize (Weight into a global performance indicator?) Alice Delcour, Florence Van Stappen avniR LCA Conference 2012 Lille, 6-7 November 2012 Walloon Agricultural Research Centre www.cra.wallonie.be 12

13. Midpoint Endpoint Human & eco-toxicity Ozone layer depletion Human health Climate change Ecosystem quality Acidification LCI data Eutrophication Resources Integration Abiotic resources use Working hours Working conditions Health & Safety at work Local employment Socio-economic repercussions E-LCA Added value creation S-LCA Subcategories Impact categories Alice Delcour, Florence Van Stappen avniR LCA Conference 2012 Lille, 6-7 November 2012 Walloon Agricultural Research Centre www.cra.wallonie.be 13

14. ALT-4-CER: Expected results Key features of the project: To involve local stakeholders in all steps (scenario building, data collection, impact weighting) To use local data for local issues Answer key questions raised today in human Societies: What type of agriculture do we want for tomorrow? Is it ethically, environmentally and economically sustainable to dedicate cereals resources to other uses than human food? End of project: February 2014 Alice Delcour, Florence Van Stappen avniR LCA Conference 2012 Lille, 6-7 November 2012 Walloon Agricultural Research Centre www.cra.wallonie.be

15. Thank you for your attention! Contact: Alice DELCOUR, Florence VAN STAPPEN Walloon Agricultural Research Centre a. delcour@cra.wallonie.be, vanstappen@cra.wallonie.be Alice Delcour, Florence Van Stappen avniR LCA Conference 2012 Lille, 6-7 November 2012 Walloon Agricultural Research Centre www.cra.wallonie.be