Aquaculture Adapting to Climate Change: Insights and Strategies

Aquaculture faces evolving challenges due to climate change. Freshwater and coastal aquaculture, focusing on tilapia, milkfish, freshwater prawn, and marine species, are explored. The vulnerability of aquaculture is highlighted, along with potential benefits and risks posed by climate change. Strategies to mitigate risks, such as building fish ponds and increasing aeration, are suggested. Ultimately, freshwater pond aquaculture emerges as a favored industry in adapting to climate fluctuations.

• Aquaculture
• Climate Change
• Freshwater
• Coastal
• Vulnerability

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Uploaded on Sep 25, 2024 | 0 Views

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1. Projected changes to aquaculture

2. Based on.

3. Outline Freshwater aquaculture (tilapia, milkfish, freshwater prawn) Vulnerability of freshwater aquaculture Coastal aquaculture (marine shrimp, marine ornamentals) Vulnerability of coastal aquaculture

4. Tilapia Food security Cage culture Household subsistence production

5. Tilapia Livelihoods Cage culture Semi-intensive ponds Aquaponics

6. Tilapia Tilapia farming is expanding in the region PNG 10-15,000 households Fiji produces 200-300 tonnes per year Vanuatu 65-70 tonnes p.a., hatchery established Samoa has 25 farms

7. Freshwater prawn Macrobrachium Hatchery-based culture (M. rosenbergii) Capture-based culture (M. lar) Fiji produces about 25 t per year

8. Vulnerability of freshwater aquaculture

9. Tilapia, freshwater prawn Likely to benefit from climate change Higher rainfall and warmer temperatures will allow farming in more places and at higher altitudes

10. Tilapia, freshwater prawn Increased risks from flooding Stratification from higher temperatures causes de-oxygenation

11. How should we respond? Build fish ponds to avoid more severe floods Photo: Avinash Singh

12. How should we respond? Increase aeration to combat stratification

13. Conclusion Freshwater pond aquaculture is likely to be favoured by climate change Source: Pickering et al. (2011)

14. Coastal aquaculture - livelihoods

15. Vulnerability of coastal aquaculture

16. Ocean acidification Source: IPCC (2007), Ganachaud et al. (2011)

17. Temperature 2035 2050* Spatial variation in temperature increase 2035 2100 Source: Lough et al. (2011) * Based on B1 2100

18. Sea-level rise Projection 2035 2050 2100 IPCC 8 cm 18-38 cm 23-51 cm Semi-empirical 20-30 cm 70-110 cm 90-140 cm

19. Marine shrimp Expected to benefit in short term from higher temperatures In the long-term, the main threats to shrimp culture are: Sea-level rise Ocean acidification Pathogens Scarcity of fishmeal?

20. Marine shrimp Now: crop in progress Now: pond preparation Sea-level rise will make it difficult to: dry out ponds between crops Future: poor pond prep. harvest shrimp Future: difficult to harvest

21. How should we adapt Modify shrimp ponds to drain well

22. Giant clams and marine ornamentals 2035 2050 2100 Effects due to: Increased temperature Ocean acidification Greater runoff More-intense cyclones

23. How should we adapt? Grow-out animals at greater depth (cooler waters) Identify sites where CO2 is reduced

24. Outlook for coastal aquaculture

25. Conclusion Scope for development over next 30-40 years Production efficiency is likely to be reduced