Animal Tissues: Epithelial, Muscle & Nerve Tissues
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TOPIC: ANIMAL TISSUES - EPITHELIAL, MUSCLE & NERVE TISSUES
PRESENTER: MS Z. SANDA
LIFE SCIENCES PLANNER (EC)
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WILL NOT BE
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COVID-19
W
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A
tissue
is as a
group of cells
that have the
same structure
that
work
together
to carry out the
same function
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Two or more tissues organized to carry out a particular function form
organs and groups of organs with related functions make up the
different organ systems.
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Most animal bodies are made up
of four different types of tissue:
1. Epithelial tissue
2. Connective tissue
3. Muscle tissue
4. Nervous tissue
FOUR TYPES
OF ANIMAL
TISSUES
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Forms the outer layer of the body
and also lines many of the body
cavities where it has a protective
function.
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The tissue has tightly-joined, closely-
packed cells.
•
Epithelial cells protect against
mechanical injury, invasive
microorganisms, and fluid loss and
also provides surface for absorption,
excretion and transport of molecules
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Epithelial tissues can be classified based on the number of cell layers
and the shape of cells
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On the basis of the number of cell layers we have:
Simple epithelium
– made up of a single layer of cells
Compound epithelium
- has many layers of cells
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There are 5 types of simple epithelial tissues but we will look at 4 of
these:
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Squamous
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Cuboidal
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Columnar
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Ciliated
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(Pseudostratified)
Squamous Epithelium
LOCATION: Lines the mouth
,alveoli in the lungs, blood
vessels
STRUCTURE: Thin, large flat cells
which are closely packed cells
and have elliptical nuclei located
mostly at the centre of the cell
FUNCTION: Lines surfaces,
protection and allows certain
substances to pass through
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LOCATION:
Kidney tubules or glands
(regions of the body responsible for
excretion).
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STRUCTURE: Cells are cuboidal in shape
with rounded nuclei lying in the centre
of the cell
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FUNCTION:
Secretion and
transportation in glands, reabsorption
and excretion.
Columnar Epithelium
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LOCATION: Digestive tract e.g. stomach, intestines and gall bladder, reproductive organs
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STRUCTURE: Cylindrical cells lying side by side with slightly elongated nuclei located at the
base of the cells. Sometimes glands e.g. goblet cells are found in columnar epithelium forming
glandular epithelium
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FUNCTION: Provides
support
to other cell types.
Absorbs food
,
water
and
minerals.
Contains
goblet cells
to
secrete mucous
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LOCATION: Trachea and bronchi of the
respiratory system and in the fallopian tubes
of the female reproductive tract
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STRUCTURE: Ciliated columnar epithelium
contain little finger-like projections
called
cilia
.
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FUNCTION:
Mucous
from
goblet cells
traps
dust.
Beating
cilia
drives out the
mucous
with the
dust. Sense organs
– helps
detect
stimuli
COMPOUND EPITHELIUM
•
Compound epithelium is made up of
many layers of cells
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An example is Stratified Epithelium
which is made up several layers of
epithelial cells of the same shape or
different shape
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It is found lining the skin.
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Enables various forms of
movement, both voluntary and
involuntary.
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Voluntary
movement means it
is consciously controlled by
one’s will whereas
involuntary
means it occurs automatically
without control of one’s will
Walking:
a voluntary movement
Peristalsis:
Food movement through the
alimentary can- an involuntary
movement
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There are 3 types of Muscle Tissue:
1.
Skeletal Muscle
2.
Smooth Muscle
3.
Cardiac Muscle
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is a voluntary muscle.
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It is striated in appearance.
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has regularly arranged bundles.
•
is anchored by tendons and is used
to effect skeletal muscle movement
such as locomotion and maintain
posture.
•
The muscles have a reflex action but
can also respond to conscious
control.
The voluntary
movements are done
with the help of
skeletal muscles
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is an involuntary, non-striated muscle with
tapered ends. It is found within the walls of
blood vessels such as arteries and veins.
•
Smooth muscle is also found in the digestive
system, urinary tract and in the trachea.
•
It is responsible for involuntary rhythmic
contractions of peristalsis required for moving
food down the alimentary canal, and for the
dilation and constriction of blood vessels to
control blood pressure
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is the major tissue making up the heart.
•
It is an involuntary muscle that is
striated in appearance.
•
However, unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac
muscle connects at branching, irregular
angles.
•
The connected branches help with
coordinated contractions of the heart
Involuntary movement of the heart is brought
about by the cardiac muscle
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Is responsible for the carrying of
electrical and chemical signals and
impulses from the brain and central
nervous system to the periphery, and
vice versa.
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Nerves are made up of cells called
neurons.
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Neurons can be classified by their
function, structure or their special
use.
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Sensory neurons
carry impulses from the receptors to the central
nervous system (CNS)
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Motor neurons
carry impulses from the CNS to the muscle cells and
glands, which are effectors.
•
Connector Neurons
: carry impulses to the motor neurons and connect
neurons together.
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Atom
Molecule
Macromolecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ
System
Organism
Name the
four major
types of
tissues in
the human
body
labelled A-D
in the
diagram
Epithelium
Muscle
Nervous
Connective
Name and describe the general function of each of the following tissues
protect against mechanical injury, invasive microorganisms, and fluid loss
and also provides surface for absorption, excretion and transport of
molecules
Is responsible for the carrying of electrical and chemical signals and impulses
from the brain and central nervous system to the periphery, and vice versa.
enables various forms of movement, both voluntary and involuntary
Identify tissues labelled A-D in the diagrams below
Squamous epithelium
Cuboidal epithelium
Cardiac Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
A tissue is a group of cells with similar structures working together for a common function. There are four main types of animal tissues: Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous tissues. Epithelial tissue forms protective layers and linings in the body, aiding in absorption, excretion, and transport of molecules. It can be classified based on the number of cell layers and cell shape. Understanding these tissues is vital to comprehend the organization of organs and systems in the human body.
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Presentation Transcript
Life at the Molecular Life at the Molecular Cellular and Tissue Level Cellular and Tissue Level TOPIC: ANIMAL TISSUES - EPITHELIAL, MUSCLE & NERVE TISSUES PRESENTER: MS Z. SANDA LIFE SCIENCES PLANNER (EC)
CAPS DOCUMENT: PG. 28 CAPS DOCUMENT: PG. 28 WILL NOT BE COVERED IN 2020 DUE TO COVID-19
What is a Tissue? What is a Tissue? A tissue is as a group of cells that have the same structure that work together to carry out the same function Two or more tissues organized to carry out a particular function form organs and groups of organs with related functions make up the different organ systems.
Levels of Organization in the Human Body Levels of Organization in the Human Body
Types of Animal Types of Animal Tissues Tissues Most animal bodies are made up of four different types of tissue: 1. Epithelial tissue 2. Connective tissue 3. Muscle tissue 4. Nervous tissue
FOUR TYPES OF ANIMAL TISSUES
Epithelial Tissue Epithelial Tissue Forms the outer layer of the body and also lines many of the body cavities where it has a protective function. The tissue has tightly-joined, closely- packed cells. Epithelial cells protect against mechanical injury, invasive microorganisms, and fluid loss and also provides surface for absorption, excretion and transport of molecules
Classification of Epithelial Tissues Classification of Epithelial Tissues Epithelial tissues can be classified based on the number of cell layers and the shape of cells On the basis of the number of cell layers we have: Simple epithelium made up of a single layer of cells Compound epithelium - has many layers of cells
Simple Epithelial Tissues Simple Epithelial Tissues There are 5 types of simple epithelial tissues but we will look at 4 of these: Squamous Cuboidal Columnar Ciliated (Pseudostratified)
Squamous Epithelium LOCATION: Lines the mouth ,alveoli in the lungs, blood vessels STRUCTURE: Thin, large flat cells which are closely packed cells and have elliptical nuclei located mostly at the centre of the cell FUNCTION: Lines surfaces, protection and allows certain substances to pass through
Cuboidal Epithelium Cuboidal Epithelium LOCATION: Kidney tubules or glands (regions of the body responsible for excretion). STRUCTURE: Cells are cuboidal in shape with rounded nuclei lying in the centre of the cell FUNCTION: Secretion and transportation in glands, reabsorption and excretion.
Columnar Epithelium LOCATION: Digestive tract e.g. stomach, intestines and gall bladder, reproductive organs STRUCTURE: Cylindrical cells lying side by side with slightly elongated nuclei located at the base of the cells. Sometimes glands e.g. goblet cells are found in columnar epithelium forming glandular epithelium FUNCTION: Provides support to other cell types. Absorbs food, water and minerals. Contains goblet cells to secrete mucous
Ciliated Epithelium Ciliated Epithelium LOCATION: Trachea and bronchi of the respiratory system and in the fallopian tubes of the female reproductive tract STRUCTURE: Ciliated columnar epithelium contain little finger-like projections called cilia. FUNCTION: Mucous from goblet cells traps dust. Beating cilia drives out the mucous with the dust. Sense organs helps detect stimuli
COMPOUND EPITHELIUM cc Compound epithelium is made up of many layers of cells An example is Stratified Epithelium which is made up several layers of epithelial cells of the same shape or different shape It is found lining the skin.
Muscle Tissue Muscle Tissue Enables various forms of movement, both voluntary and involuntary. Voluntary movement means it is consciously controlled by one s will whereas involuntary means it occurs automatically without control of one s will Peristalsis: Food movement through the alimentary can- an involuntary movement Walking: a voluntary movement
Types of Muscle Tissue Types of Muscle Tissue There are 3 types of Muscle Tissue: 1. Skeletal Muscle 2. Smooth Muscle 3. Cardiac Muscle
Skeletal muscle Skeletal muscle is a voluntary muscle. It is striated in appearance. has regularly arranged bundles. is anchored by tendons and is used to effect skeletal muscle movement such as locomotion and maintain posture. The muscles have a reflex action but can also respond to conscious control. The voluntary movements are done with the help of skeletal muscles
Skeletal Muscle Skeletal Muscle
Smooth Muscle Smooth Muscle is an involuntary, non-striated muscle with tapered ends. It is found within the walls of blood vessels such as arteries and veins. Smooth muscle is also found in the digestive system, urinary tract and in the trachea. It is responsible for involuntary rhythmic contractions of peristalsis required for moving food down the alimentary canal, and for the dilation and constriction of blood vessels to control blood pressure
Smooth Muscle Smooth Muscle
Cardiac Muscle Cardiac Muscle is the major tissue making up the heart. It is an involuntary muscle that is striated in appearance. However, unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle connects at branching, irregular angles. The connected branches help with coordinated contractions of the heart Involuntary movement of the heart is brought about by the cardiac muscle
Cardiac Muscle Cardiac Muscle
Nervous Tissue Nervous Tissue Is responsible for the carrying of electrical and chemical signals and impulses from the brain and central nervous system to the periphery, and vice versa. Nerves are made up of cells called neurons. Neurons can be classified by their function, structure or their special use.
Types of Neurons Types of Neurons Sensory neurons carry impulses from the receptors to the central nervous system (CNS) Motor neurons carry impulses from the CNS to the muscle cells and glands, which are effectors. Connector Neurons: carry impulses to the motor neurons and connect neurons together.
ACTIVITY ACTIVITY Atom Organ Molecule Macromolecule Organelle Cell Organ System Tissue Organism
Muscle Name the four major types of tissues in the human body labelled A-D in the diagram Nervous Epithelium D Connective
Name and describe the general function of each of the following tissues protect against mechanical injury, invasive microorganisms, and fluid loss and also provides surface for absorption, excretion and transport of molecules Is responsible for the carrying of electrical and chemical signals and impulses from the brain and central nervous system to the periphery, and vice versa. enables various forms of movement, both voluntary and involuntary
Identify tissues labelled A-D in the diagrams below Squamous epithelium Cuboidal epithelium Skeletal Muscle Cardiac Muscle
