Air Emission Accounts and Bridge Tables
Air Emission Accounts
Ole Gravgård
SEEA Training Seminar for the ECA
Addis Ababa 2-5 February 2015
Flows of air emission
Emissions to air are gaseous and particulate
substances released to the atmosphere by
establishments and households
as a result of
production, consumption and accumulation
processes
.
CO
2
, SO
2
, NO
x
, CH
4
, N
2
O, SF
6
, NH
3
, PM
10
, etc.
The SEEA air emissions account records the
generation of air emissions
by resident economic
units
and
by type of substance.
2
Supply and Use table for Air Emissions
3
Table 3.7
SUPPLY
USE
Note 1
All actual CO
2
emissions should be
included
in the
accounts – also CO
2
emissions from
burning of
biomass
However, it is recommended that, where possible,
carbon dioxide emissions resulting from the
burning of fossil fuels should be
distinguished
from
carbon dioxide emissions from biomass.
4
Example air emission - Denmark
5
Note 2
Use Residence approach (
not
Territorial approach)
6
7
Source: Eurostat: Manual for Air Emissions Accounts
Bridge tables needed
The national economy totals of Air Emissions
Accounts most likely differ from totals as presented
in national emission inventories.
These differences are recorded and presented in so-
called bridge tables
Bridge tables are important for both compilers and
users
8
Example bridgetable - Denmark 2012
9
www.statbank.dk/MRO1
Note 3
Flows of air emissions within the environment are not in the
scope of the accounts:
Transboundary flows
of air emissions are
excluded
from
the air emissions accounts
Capture of gases by the environment
, for example,
carbon captured in forests and soil are
excluded
from the
accounts
Emissions such as
unintended forest and grassland fires
and human metabolic processes which are not the direct
result of economic production are
excluded
.
10
Note 4
Secondary emissions
(results of processes in the
environment) are
excluded
Flaring and venting
of e.g. natural gases are
included
Emissions from manure
collected and spread on
agricultural land are
included
(dissipative use)
Leakages from accumulations
(durable goods like
refrigirators, landfills, etc.) should be recorded
as they
occur
and
attributed to the owner
of the good at the time
of the leakage
11
Implementation of air emissions
accounts
The compilation of Air Emissions Accounts
starts
from existing data
, namely data on air emissions,
energy use and/or other parameters.
These
existing data need to be manipulated and re-
arranged according to the accounting principles of
National Accounts.
Two general approaches are used:
”Energy First” and ”Inventory first”
12
Two approaches: ”Inventory first”
and ”Energy first”
13
Source: Eurostat: Manual for Air Emissions Accounts
”Inventory first” appraoch
The “inventory first-approach” starts from existing
national emission inventories
(e.g. related to United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, cf.
IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories
It
re-arranges
those data to a format compatible with
National Accounts.
14
15
Emission inventory
Emission accounts
”Inventory first” appraoch
”Energy first” appraoch
The “energy-first-approach” starts from
energy
statistics/balances
which are re-arranged to
Energy
Accounts
from which
air emissions are calculated
using certain emission factors.
16
17
Energy Accounts
The same classifications as used in the SNA
Air Emission Accounts
Emissions
not connected to
combustion of energy:
Industrial processes
Agriculture
Etc.
From emission
Inventories:
Emission Factors
Specific for each energy product
”Energy first” appraoch
18
Guide to implementation:
Flows of air emissions, including gaseous and particulate substances released into the atmosphere, are recorded in Air Emission Accounts following specific guidelines and considerations. Bridge tables play a crucial role in reconciling differences between national economy totals and emission inventories. The scope of the accounts excludes certain emissions and defines methodologies for accurate reporting.
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Presentation Transcript
Air Emission Accounts Ole Gravg rd SEEA Training Seminar for the ECA Addis Ababa 2-5 February 2015
Flows of air emission Emissions to air are gaseous and particulate substances released to the atmosphere by establishments and households as a result of production, consumption and accumulation processes. CO2, SO2, NOx, CH4, N2O, SF6, NH3, PM10, etc. The SEEA air emissions account records the generation of air emissions by resident economic units and by type of substance. 2
Supply and Use table for Air Emissions Table 3.7 USE SUPPLY 3
Note 1 All actual CO2 emissions should be included in the accounts also CO2 emissions from burning of biomass However, it is recommended that, where possible, carbon dioxide emissions resulting from the burning of fossil fuels should be distinguished from carbon dioxide emissions from biomass. 4
Note 2 Use Residence approach (not Territorial approach) 6
Bridge tables needed The national economy totals of Air Emissions Accounts most likely differ from totals as presented in national emission inventories. These differences are recorded and presented in so- called bridge tables Bridge tables are important for both compilers and users 8
Example bridgetable - Denmark 2012 www.statbank.dk/MRO1 9
Note 3 Flows of air emissions within the environment are not in the scope of the accounts: Transboundary flows of air emissions are excluded from the air emissions accounts Capture of gases by the environment, for example, carbon captured in forests and soil are excluded from the accounts Emissions such as unintended forest and grassland fires and human metabolic processes which are not the direct result of economic production are excluded. 10
Note 4 Secondary emissions (results of processes in the environment) are excluded Flaring and venting of e.g. natural gases are included Emissions from manure collected and spread on agricultural land are included (dissipative use) Leakages from accumulations (durable goods like refrigirators, landfills, etc.) should be recorded as they occur and attributed to the owner of the good at the time of the leakage 11
Implementation of air emissions accounts The compilation of Air Emissions Accounts starts from existing data, namely data on air emissions, energy use and/or other parameters. These existing data need to be manipulated and re- arranged according to the accounting principles of National Accounts. Two general approaches are used: Energy First and Inventory first 12
Two approaches: Inventory first and Energy first Source: Eurostat: Manual for Air Emissions Accounts 13
Inventory first appraoch The inventory first-approach starts from existing national emission inventories (e.g. related to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, cf. IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories It re-arranges those data to a format compatible with National Accounts. 14
Inventory first appraoch Emission inventory Emission accounts 15
Energy first appraoch The energy-first-approach starts from energy statistics/balances which are re-arranged to Energy Accounts from which air emissions are calculated using certain emission factors. 16
Energy first appraoch Energy Accounts The same classifications as used in the SNA From emission Inventories: Emissions not connected to combustion of energy: Emission Factors Specific for each energy product Industrial processes Agriculture Etc. Air Emission Accounts 17
