Acceleration and Gravity in Physics
An Introduction to Acceleration: More
Practice
An Introduction to Acceleration: More
Practice
An Introduction to Acceleration: More
Practice
An Introduction to Acceleration: More
Practice
An Introduction to Acceleration: More
Practice
An Introduction to Acceleration: More
Practice
Gravity
Read “Going Ballistic”
Key Points:
•
There is gravity between all objects with mass
•
Whenever we throw an object, it travels in a
parabola
•
If it never hit the ground, the shape would be an
ellipse
Definitions
•
Mass
▫
the amount of matter in an object
▫
Measured in kg
•
Weight
▫
The amount of gravitational
force
acting on an object
▫
Measured in N
Newton’s Law of Gravitational
Attraction
•
There is a force of gravity between any
two objects with mass
•
Larger distance between them, smaller
force
g = 9.8 m/s
2
[down]
The acceleration due to the Earth’s gravity is
9.8 m/s
2
[down].
The magnitude of this acceleration is denoted by
the letter
g
.
Do all objects fall at the same rate?
•
Is there anything that can affect the rate they
accelerate?
Mass doesn’t matter
•
No matter what your mass, everything falls at
the same rate if we ignore air resistance
•
Galileo is attributed with this discovery
▫
Video
Drag
However, some objects are slowed by atmospheric
drag more than others.
Terminal velocity
At a given speed, the drag will equal the gravity,
and the object will stop accelerating, i.e. reach
“terminal velocity.”
Terminal velocities
Typical terminal velocities:
Human
53 m/s (190 km/h)
Human with parachute
5 m/s (18 km/h)
Dandelion seed
0.5 m/s (1.8 km/h)
The fastest man
On August 16th, 1960 U.S. Air Force Captain
Joe
Kittinger
broke the sound barrier (
1240 km/h
)
during a free-fall from the high altitude balloon
Excelsior III, at an altitude of approximately
31
km.
Highest fall survived
(without a parachute)
Flight attendant Vesna Vulovi
č
fell 10,000 m on
January 26, 1972 when she was aboard a plane
that was brought down by explosives over the
Czech Republic.
She suffered a broken skull, three broken
vertebrae (one crushed completely), and was in a
coma for 27 days, but she survived!
g’s
Accelerations are often given in terms of
g
.
For example,
Blackout
A typical person can handle about 5
g
before
loss of consciousness,
“blackout,” occurs.
The record for the most
g
forces on a
roller coaster belongs to Mindbender
at Galaxyland Amusement Park
in
Edmonton, Alberta,
at 5.2
g
.
Greyout
T
hrough the combination of special
g-
suits
and efforts to strain muscles —
both of force blood back into the
brain— modern pilots can typically
handle 9
g
or more
.
They
may experience a “greyout”
(temporary loss of colour vision,
tunnel vision, or an inability to
interpret verbal commands) between
6 and 9
g
.
Negative g’s
Resistance to "negative" or upward
g
’s,
which
drive blood to the head, is much less (typically in
the -2 to -3
g
range).
During “redout,” vision goes red, probably due to
capillaries in the eyes bursting under the
increased blood pressure.
“g
-Force
”
Acceleration perpendicular to the spine is more
tolerable.
Acceleration pushing the body backwards
(“eyeballs in”) is tolerable up to 17
g,
and
pushing
the body forwards (“eyeballs out”) up to 12
g
.
Strongest g-forces survived
Voluntarily:
Colonel
John Stapp
in 1954
sustained 46.2
g
in a rocket sled, while
conducting research on the effects of human
deceleration
Strongest g-forces survived
Involuntarily:
Formula One
racing car driver
David Purley
survived an estimated 178
g
in 1977
when he decelerated from 173 km
/
h to 0 in a
distance of 66 cm after his throttle got stuck
wide open and he hit a wall
Everyday g-forces
Coughing: 3.5
g
Sneezing: 2.9
g
Free fall
Objects in free-fall
feel
0
g
, or “weightlessness.”
There is no such thing as zero
gravity, gravity acts on you
everywhere in the universe
On Earth,
F
g
= mg
Where,
Fg – Force of Gravity (N)
m – mass (kg)
g – Gravitational Field
Strength (N/kg) or acceleration
due to gravity (m/s
2
)
g = 9.8 m/s
2
[down]
or 9.8 N/kg[down]
Example:
•
Andrew has a mass of 68 kg, what is
his weight?
What is the mass of this ________?
Homework
•
Gravitational field strength worksheet
Explore the concepts of acceleration and gravity in physics through engaging images and key points. Learn about mass, weight, Newton's Law of Gravitational Attraction, and the acceleration due to Earth's gravity. Discover how all objects fall at the same rate regardless of mass and what factors can influence acceleration.
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Presentation Transcript
Read Going Ballistic Key Points: There is gravity between all objects with mass Whenever we throw an object, it travels in a parabola If it never hit the ground, the shape would be an ellipse
Definitions Mass the amount of matter in an object Measured in kg Weight The amount of gravitational force acting on an object Measured in N
Newtons Law of Gravitational Attraction Gm m = 1 2 Fg 2 d There is a force of gravity between any two objects with mass Larger distance between them, smaller force
g = 9.8 m/s2 [down] The acceleration due to the Earth s gravity is 9.8 m/s2 [down]. The magnitude of this acceleration is denoted by the letter g. 32 = 1
Do all objects fall at the same rate? Is there anything that can affect the rate they accelerate?
Mass doesnt matter No matter what your mass, everything falls at the same rate if we ignore air resistance Galileo is attributed with this discovery Video
Drag However, some objects are slowed by atmospheric drag more than others.
Terminal velocity At a given speed, the drag will equal the gravity, and the object will stop accelerating, i.e. reach terminal velocity.
Terminal velocities Typical terminal velocities: Human Human with parachute Dandelion seed 53 m/s (190 km/h) 5 m/s (18 km/h) 0.5 m/s (1.8 km/h)
The fastest man On August 16th, 1960 U.S. Air Force Captain Joe Kittinger broke the sound barrier (1240 km/h) during a free-fall from the high altitude balloon Excelsior III, at an altitude of approximately 31 km.
Highest fall survived (without a parachute) Flight attendant Vesna Vulovi fell 10,000 m on January 26, 1972 when she was aboard a plane that was brought down by explosives over the Czech Republic. She suffered a broken skull, three broken vertebrae (one crushed completely), and was in a coma for 27 days, but she survived!
gs Accelerations are often given in terms of g. For example, 1 . g = m s 49 5 g 2 m s 98 2
Blackout A typical person can handle about 5 g before loss of consciousness, blackout, occurs. The record for the most g forces on a roller coaster belongs to Mindbender at Galaxyland Amusement Park in Edmonton, Alberta, at 5.2 g.
Greyout Through the combination of special g- suits and efforts to strain muscles both of force blood back into the brain modern pilots can typically handle 9 g or more. They may experience a greyout (temporary loss of colour vision, tunnel vision, or an inability to interpret verbal commands) between 6 and 9 g.
Negative gs Resistance to "negative" or upward g s, which drive blood to the head, is much less (typically in the -2 to -3 g range). During redout, vision goes red, probably due to capillaries in the eyes bursting under the increased blood pressure.
g-Force Acceleration perpendicular to the spine is more tolerable. Acceleration pushing the body backwards ( eyeballs in ) is tolerable up to 17g, andpushing the body forwards ( eyeballs out ) up to 12g.
Strongest g-forces survived Voluntarily: Colonel John Stapp in 1954 sustained 46.2 g in a rocket sled, while conducting research on the effects of human deceleration
Strongest g-forces survived Involuntarily: Formula One racing car driver David Purley survived an estimated 178 g in 1977 when he decelerated from 173 km/h to 0 in a distance of 66 cm after his throttle got stuck wide open and he hit a wall
Everyday g-forces Coughing: 3.5 g Sneezing: 2.9 g
Free fall Objects in free-fall feel 0 g, or weightlessness. There is no such thing as zero gravity, gravity acts on you everywhere in the universe
On Earth, Fg = mg Where, Fg Force of Gravity (N) m mass (kg) g Gravitational Field Strength (N/kg) or acceleration due to gravity (m/s2) g = 9.8 m/s2 [down] or 9.8 N/kg[down]
Example: Andrew has a mass of 68 kg, what is his weight?
Homework Gravitational field strength worksheet
