AC Equipment Alternatives for High Ambient Temperatures
Explore suitable alternatives for small and medium-sized AC equipment in high ambient temperatures. Learn about the challenges, factors affecting operations, market landscape, available alternatives to HCFCs, technology selection, and transformation to alternative technologies from HCFCs. Discover the local research objectives in this informative workshop presentation.
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Presentation Transcript
Suitable alternatives at high-ambient temperatures for small and middle- size AC equipment By: Bassam Elassaad, Consultant - Lebanon Workshop on Management of HFCs: Technical Issues Bangkok, 20 and 21 April 2015
Challenges of High Ambient Operations Reduced performance; Decreased efficiency; Quicker wearing of components leading to shorter life. Factors Affecting Operation at High Ambient Critical temperature; Operating pressure; Design and selection of components. HFC Workshop - April 20, 2015 Bangkok 2
What is market* landscape like? < 5 tons 99% 100% of window & Ductless splits 85% of ducted splits 53% of rooftops & 28% of indoor packaged A/C Market DX units DX units 73% of market 6 - 15 tons 0.7% 25% of multi-splits 40% of U.S Ducted splits 30% of rooftops & 47% of indoor packaged Split systems 55% Split Systems Packaged units 13% Chilled water > 16 tons 0.3% Ductless 80% Ducted 20% 27% of market 15% of rooftops 20% of indoor packaged Window 32% Source: PRAHA * Typical Gulf Country HFC Workshop - April 20, 2015 Bangkok 3
What is available now as an alternative to HCFCs ? That is: Commercially available; Technically proven; Environmentally sound; Economically viable and cost effective; Safe to use in areas with high urban densities considering flammability and toxicity issues, including, where possible, risk characterization; Easy to service and maintain. HFC Workshop - April 20, 2015 Bangkok 4
Alternative technology selection Pressure R-22 or R-410A Eq. GWP 0 to ?? Flammability A2L or A3 HFC Workshop - April 20, 2015 Bangkok 5
Transformation to alternative technologies Transformation from HCFC-22 Transformation from HFCs To currently available HFCs = A1 refrigerants but higher pressure To HC and HFC/HFO = A2L and A3 refrigerants but similar pressure For local OEMs, a leap from HCFC to low-GWP new alternatives is a double challenge of flammability and pressure HFC Workshop - April 20, 2015 Bangkok 6
Local research Objectives: Asses available technologies; Asses relevant Energy Efficiency standards and codes; Economic comparison of alternative technologies; Promoting Technology transfer. HFC Workshop - April 20, 2015 Bangkok PRAHA & EGYPRA Research PRAHA Project Components Coordinating phase- out requirements with MEPS programs Building and testing prototypes Study on Long-Term Feasible Technologies 7
PRAHA & EGYPRA Stakeholders and tests: Complimentary research initiatives; PRAHA concentrates on high ambient for the Gulf, EGYPRA on Egyptian market; 8 alternative refrigerants: HC, HFC, HFC/HFO blends 8 technology providers for compressors, refrigerants, and components; 15 OEMs: 7 in GCC, 8 in Egypt; 58 prototypes, 8 applications: 3.5 to 35 kW; 174 tests: T1, T2, T3 and an endurance test at 55 C. Refrigerants being researched: R-290 HFC-32 R-444B (was known as L-20), equivalent to HCFC-22 R-447A (was known as L-41), equivalent to R-410A DR-3, equivalent to HCFC-22 R-454B (was known as DR-5A), equivalent to R-410A ARM-32, equivalent to HCFC-22 ARM-71d, equivalent to R-410A HFC Workshop - April 20, 2015 Bangkok 8
Thank you! belassaad@gmail.com HFC Workshop - April 20, 2015 Bangkok 9
