Explore significant historical events and ideas such as nationalism, industrialism, and political reform. Learn about influential figures like Marie Curie, James Watt, and Simon Bolivar. Understand the impact of the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution on society. Discover the connections

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Deontology, originating from the Greek words for duty and study of, focuses on morally required, forbidden, or permitted choices. It emphasizes obedience to duty and opposes utilitarianism, prioritizing what is morally right over the overall good. Unlike virtue theories, deontology assesses moral ob

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Explore various business ethics theories including Ethical Concepts, Moral Behavior Development, Ethical Principles, and the Role of Ethics in Business. Delve into the concept of ethics, moral behavior evolution, ethical principles like autonomy, honesty, justice, and integrity, and the importance o

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Human values and ethics play a crucial role in guiding individual behavior and decision-making. Human values encompass aspects such as respect, integrity, responsibility, fairness, compassion, honesty, trustworthiness, and cooperation. Ethics provide broader guidelines for determining right and wron

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Development of mathematical theories such as model theory, proof theory, set theory, recursion theory, and computational complexity is discussed, starting from historical perspectives with Dedekind and Peano to Godel's theorems, recursion theory's golden age in the 1930s, and advancements in proof t

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Psychological theories of criminality delve into the association between intelligence, personality, learning, and criminal behavior. Major theories include Psychodynamic Theory by Freud, Behavioral Theory by Bandura, and Cognitive Theory by Kohlberg. These theories explore how unconscious mental pro

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Sir Francis Bacon, regarded as the father of English essay, revolutionized the English prose with his profound and objective essays. He emphasized practicality and utilitarianism in his works, offering counsel on leading a successful life. Bacon's essays evolved through multiple editions, showcasing

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Criticisms of Jeremy Bentham's utilitarianism theory include justifying any crime for the greater pleasure, impracticability due to individual knowledge constraints, neglecting moral consciousness, oversimplifying human nature, and focusing solely on material comforts over spiritual happiness. The t

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Applied ethics focuses on ethical questions in real-life situations and professions, addressing controversial issues like abortion, euthanasia, and more. Philosophers in this field analyze moral problems using ethical theories such as utilitarianism and deontological ethics to make ethical decisions

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Jeremy Bentham, a notable figure in Anglo-American philosophy of law, was a key proponent of utilitarianism. He emphasized maximizing happiness for the greatest number of people, critiqued laws, and advocated for legal reforms. Bentham's works reflect the societal changes during his time, addressing

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The theory of firms is explored through the Neoclassical and Modern perspectives. Neoclassical theory focuses on profit maximization, while Modern theory delves into managerial, principal-agent, and transaction cost theories. The discussion covers criticisms of Neoclassical theory and the essential

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Jeremy Bentham, often considered the father of Analytical School of Jurisprudence, introduced Utilitarianism as a guiding principle for law. According to Bentham, the purpose of law is to maximize the overall happiness and minimize pain for the greatest number of people. He developed the concept of

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Jeremy Bentham, a prominent philosopher of the 18th and 19th centuries, advocated for utilitarianism, which states that the greatest happiness of the greatest number should be the measure of right and wrong. He proposed the concept of the Panopticon as a new mode of obtaining power over individuals.

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Explore the key aspects of Utilitarianism as proposed by John Stuart Mill, including his acceptance of certain principles, criticisms of Bentham's Utilitarianism, and division of pleasures into higher and lower categories. Delve into the complexities of hedonic calculus, weaknesses of act Utilitaria

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Overview of theories of causation categorized into psychological, social psychological, and sociological perspectives. Psychological theories focus on instinctive, biological, and psychological qualities of abusers, including Attachment Theory, Psychodynamic Theory, Social Learning Theory, and Situa

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Exploring G.H. Sabine's perspective on political theory through a contextual approach, emphasizing the importance of historical context and societal influences. Sabine argues that while political theory evolves with its contemporary politics, it should be analyzed within its specific time and social

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At the turn of the century, the discovery of the photoelectric effect challenged the wave theory of light, leading to the development of the quantum theory by Max Planck and Albert Einstein. This new theory introduced the concept of discrete energy units known as quanta, bridging the gap between wav

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Human values and ethics play crucial roles in guiding human behavior and decision-making. Values such as respect, integrity, responsibility, fairness, compassion, honesty, trustworthiness, and cooperation are fundamental in shaping individual interactions with others and society. Ethics provide broa

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Utilitarianism, as introduced by Jeremy Bentham, focuses on maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain to determine the ethical value of actions. Bentham's development of the hedonic calculus and the principle of utility are key components of this consequentialist theory. Influenced by hedonism and dri

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Overview of Dp-branes, NS5-branes, and U-duality derived from nonabelian (2,0) theory with Lie 3-algebra. Introduction to M-theory, including M2-branes and M5-branes in the strong coupling limit. Discussion on BLG theory, Lorentzian Lie 3-algebra, and the ABJM theory for M2-branes.

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Utilitarianism, as explained by Michael Lacewing, emphasizes that actions are morally right or wrong based on their consequences in maximizing overall happiness. The principle of utility, advocated by Bentham and Mill, guides moral judgments by promoting the greatest happiness for the greatest numbe

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Perturbation theory is a powerful tool in solving complex physical and mathematical problems approximately by adjusting solutions from a related problem with known solutions. This theory allows for more accurate approximate solutions by treating the difference as a small perturbation. An example inv

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Jeremy Bentham, a late 18th-century British philosopher, introduced Utilitarianism, a moral philosophy focused on maximizing happiness and minimizing pain. He believed that all actions are motivated by pleasure and pain, and that the principle of utility judges actions based on their impact on happi

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Divine Command Theory asserts that morality is derived from God's commands, contrasting with Virtue Theory which focuses on developing moral virtues to achieve human flourishing and excellence. Divine Command Theory relies on religious texts, while Virtue Theory emphasizes the cultivation of virtues

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Fermi liquid theory, also known as Landau-Fermi liquid theory, is a theoretical model that describes the normal state of metals at low temperatures. Introduced by Landau and further developed by Abrikosov and Khalatnikov, this theory explains the similarities and differences between interacting ferm

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The debate on whether a doctor should withhold information from a patient revolves around the principles of autonomy versus beneficence. Various ethical viewpoints such as utilitarianism, libertarianism, Kantian moral imperatives, and Aristotelianism are explored. While some argue for disclosing all

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Exploring the complexities of animal ethics, this content delves into various viewpoints on how we should treat animals, ranging from Stoic and Christian ethics to Immanuel Kant's moral autonomy and utilitarianism. Discussions on moral considerations, duties towards animals, and the importance of co

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The lecture explores normative theories of social and fiscal justice, focusing on social objective functions, utilitarianism, maximin principle, and general social welfare functions. It discusses the challenges of determining social objectives in a world with conflicting values and beliefs, emphasiz

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Utilitarianism, a consequentialist theory, evaluates the moral worth of actions based on their outcomes. This approach, exemplified by classical utilitarianism of Bentham and Mill, prioritizes maximizing overall happiness or utility. The philosophy emphasizes the principles of consequences, utility,

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Computational Learning Theory explores inductive learning algorithms that generate hypotheses from training sets, emphasizing the uncertainty of generalization. The theory introduces probabilities to measure correctness and certainty, addressing challenges in learning hidden concepts. Through exampl

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This course overview covers concepts in automata theory and theory of computation, including formal language classes, grammars, recognizers, theorems in automata theory, decidability, and intractability of computational problems. The Chomsky hierarchy, interplay between computing components, modern-

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Explore various theories of interest in economics, including the Classical Theory, Liquidity Preference Theory by Keynes, Productivity Theory, Abstinence Theory, Time-Preference Theory, Fisher's Time Preference Theory, and the Loanable Fund Theory. These theories offer different perspectives on the

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Delve into the historical journey of atomic theory starting from Democritus and Aristotle's views to modern advancements proving some aspects of Dalton's theory incorrect. Learn about key laws and theories such as the Particle Theory of Matter, Dalton's Atomic Theory, and JJ Thomson's discoveries, s

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John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) was a prominent British philosopher known for his contributions to the principles of liberty and utilitarianism. He advocated for individual freedom and emphasized the importance of self-protection as the justification for societal interference. His work "On Liberty" exp

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Explore John Stuart Mill's work on Utilitarianism, consequentialism, and hedonistic consequentialism. Discover how moral questions are evaluated based on actions and consequences, and delve into the principle of seeking happiness for sentient beings to determine moral value.

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J.S. Mill's Utilitarianism posits that actions are morally right if they promote happiness and wrong if they lead to unhappiness. Mill's proof of the principle of utility is based on empiricism and the desire for happiness as a desirable end. He argues that happiness is inherently desirable based on

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Utilitarianism, a teleological and relativist ethical theory created by Jeremy Bentham, focuses on maximizing happiness and minimizing pain for the greatest number of individuals. Bentham's Act Utilitarianism emphasizes the principle of utility and uses the hedonic calculus to measure pleasure. This

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The Tsai-Hill failure theory is based on the strengths of a unidirectional lamina, incorporating longitudinal and transverse tensile and compressive strengths, as well as in-plane shear strength. This theory, derived from the distortion energy theory, provides criteria for determining lamina failure

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This article explores three main ethical schools - utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue theory - and delves into their distinct emphases and elements. It highlights the differences in how each school views lying and ethical decision-making. Additionally, it discusses the incorporation of ethical p

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Consequentialist theories in ethics, particularly utilitarianism, emphasize the moral value of actions based on their consequences. Classical utilitarianism by Bentham and Mill focuses on maximizing happiness and pleasure for the greatest number of people. The core principles of utilitarianism inclu

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