HER2 activation plays a crucial role in promoting tumor proliferation and survival in NSCLC. Driven by oncogenic downstream signaling pathways, HER2 overexpression and gene amplification lead to the formation of heterodimers and activation of key signaling cascades. Additionally, HER2 mutations are

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This slideshow provides an overview of tumor classification, nomenclature, and key concepts in pathology. It covers the definitions of neoplasm, tumor, and oncology, the classification of tumors into benign and malignant categories, as well as the importance of stroma in tumor behavior. It also expl

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The developmental history of a tooth is segmented into distinct stages, namely the bud, cap, and bell stages. Each stage represents critical morphological changes in tooth development, from the initial formation of tooth buds to the differentiation of enamel organs and dental papilla. Understanding

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Discover the best spine tumor treatment at Medspine, the leading hospital with top surgeon and specialist in Medavakkam, Perumbakkam, Royapettah, Chennai.

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Explore the functions and stages of cell division through a comprehensive overview covering topics such as the importance of cell division in growth, repair, and reproduction, the stages of the cell cycle, and the comparison of different cell cycles. Engage with visual aids and concept maps to deepe

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Dive into the fascinating world of sleep with insights on the stages of sleep, fun sleep facts, and tips for a restful night's sleep. Learn about the different stages of sleep, the importance of quality sleep, and how it impacts brain development and overall well-being.

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The product life cycle (PLC) concept is essential for marketers to navigate through the stages of a product's market presence - from introduction to decline. Studying PLC with reference to demand-technology dynamics provides insights into competitive strategies. The main stages are research & develo

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The developmental history of a tooth is intriguingly divided into distinct morphologic stages - the bud, cap, and bell stages. Each stage represents a crucial phase in tooth development, from the initial formation of tooth buds to the intricate differentiation of enamel organs and dental papilla. Un

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Explore the fascinating journey of a plant's life cycle through its 4 growth stages: Seed, Germination, Seedling, and Adult Plant. Discover what seeds need to grow and what each stage requires for survival and growth. Engage in a hands-on activity to rearrange the plant growth stages and learn about

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First language acquisition in children progresses through distinct stages including cooing and babbling, the one-word stage, the two-word stage, and telegraphic speech. These stages mark the development of speech sounds, single-word utterances, two-word combinations, and more complex speech structur

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The Demographic Transition Model describes the shift from high birth and death rates to low rates as societies advance technologically and economically. It consists of four stages, each marked by specific characteristics and factors influencing population growth. From high mortality and fertility ra

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The life span of cells in the inner enamel epithelium can be divided into six stages: Morphogenic, Organizing, Formative, Maturative, Protective, and Desmolytic. Differentiation of ameloblasts occurs in various regions of the tooth germ. Amelogenesis, the enamel formation, takes place during the for

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Kohlberg's stages of moral development, built upon Piaget's psychological theory, outline six developmental stages of moral reasoning, with each stage offering a higher level of response to moral dilemmas. Kohlberg focused on justice in moral development and emphasized the importance of how individu

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Rehearsal is a crucial process in the journey from initial reading to final performance, and it involves various stages such as reading, blocking, character development, and technical rehearsals. To effectively navigate these stages, actors can utilize rehearsal strategies like annotating the text,

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Grading and staging are crucial in determining the aggressiveness and extent of malignant tumors. Grading involves assessing the level of malignancy based on cell differentiation and mitotic activity, while staging considers the size of the tumor, lymph node involvement, and presence of metastases.

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Referral to Treatment (RTT) Quality Standards, also known as RTT 18 Weeks, is a vital component of the NHS Constitution that guarantees patients a legal right to timely diagnosis and treatment within 18 weeks of referral. It encompasses various stages in a healthcare pathway, each assigned an RTT co

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Explore the essential aspects of human growth and development, covering the four main types - physical, mental, emotional, and social. Delve into the principles, differences between growth and development, and the predictable stages of life. Discover the life stages from infancy to late adulthood an

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In the journey of investing, there are five stages to progress through. The stages involve understanding the types of investments, assessing risk levels, setting up financial accounts, and gradually moving towards higher-risk investments. Starting with a put-and-take account for daily expenses, tran

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This trial aims to compare the efficacy and safety of molecularly-guided therapy or cancer immunotherapy based on genomic profiling with platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with cancer of unknown primary site. The study design includes multiple treatment regimens guided by genomic profiles, with

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WAGR syndrome is a rare genetic condition associated with Wilms Tumor, aniridia, and developmental delays. Wilms Tumor is a form of kidney cancer mostly affecting children and is linked to genetic disorders like WAGR syndrome. The risk of Wilms Tumor is higher in children with WAGR syndrome, with po

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This content discusses the Capability Maturity Model stages, focusing on process improvement and the stages of viral load testing demand creation. It outlines the evolution from initial to optimized stages and the development towards standardized processes in organizations. Additionally, it touches

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Care Assessment Tools (CATs) are becoming essential in primary care placements, offering a comprehensive way to record and assess performance against specific capabilities. This shift will require a minimum number of Case-based Discussions (CbDs) and CATs at various stages of training. The suggested

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Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique focusing on metabolic differences in the body. By using positron-emitting radioisotopes, PET can detect how molecules are taken up by healthy and cancerous cells, aiding in accurate tumor localization with lower doses. The evolution o

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Research collaboration aimed to enhance locoregional tumor control and reduce distant failure by combining charged particles irradiation and anticancer drug Epothilone B in cultured human tumor cells from Milano and Roma. The study explores the impact on clonogenic survival, growth curves, and deter

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The Gamma Knife Stereotactic Radiosurgery is a precise and effective treatment method where highly focused radiation beams are used to target tumors and abnormalities in the brain. It does not remove the tumor directly but affects DNA, cell growth, and blood vessels. The procedure involves three mai

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NCI-MATCH is a groundbreaking clinical trial aiming to match tumor gene alterations with targeted therapies. The interim analysis results revealed impressive patient enrollment and site participation exceeding expectations. Despite challenges with pausing new patient registrations for the analysis,

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This collection highlights clinical and pathological staging cases in oncology, covering scenarios from colon, lung, bladder, and kidney cancer. Each case presents detailed information on tumor characteristics, lymph node involvement, metastasis status, and clinical stages. Images accompany the desc

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This study by Shyamala Maherswaran, Ph.D., and team focuses on characterizing mutations in EGFR in circulating tumor cells using SARMS assay and CTC-chip. The research investigates the effectiveness of these non-invasive methods in analyzing tumors and explores the role of the T790M mutation in resp

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This collection of supplementary figures provides detailed flow cytometry data on immune cell populations, including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and more. The figures also include information on immune checkpoint molecules like PD-L1 and TIGIT. Each figure presents spec

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Vestibular schwannoma, also known as acoustic neuroma, is a common tumor in the cerebellopontine angle. It can be sporadic or associated with neurofibromatosis type 2. Patients typically present with hearing loss and tinnitus, which may be gradual or sudden. Grading systems like Koos, Ojemann, and J

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Neoplasia encompasses abnormal tissue growth that can be benign or malignant. This article explores neoplastic terms, tumor classifications, cancer staging, and genetic factors in cancer development. Gain insights into the characteristics of benign tumors, the biology of cancer including carcinogene

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Understanding the classification of tumors is crucial in the field of pathology. This detailed overview covers the definitions of neoplasia and tumors, the differentiation between benign and malignant tumors, nomenclature, and characteristics of various tumor types. It discusses the behaviors of ben

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Exploring the five stages of how companies decline, as outlined by Jim Collins, a renowned American business consultant and author. The stages include Hubris, Undisciplined Pursuit of More, Denial of Risk and Peril, Grasping for Salvation, and Capitulation to Irrelevance or Death. Understanding thes

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This tutorial, prepared by the International Working Group for TIL in breast cancer, provides guidelines for pathologists on the standardized evaluation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer based on H&E slides of core biopsies or tumor resections. It details steps such as defini

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Craniopharyngioma is a complex intracranial tumor with a rich historical background dating back to the early 20th century. Initially described by McLean, Frazier, Alpes, and famously studied by Cushing, this tumor continues to be a subject of debate and controversy in terms of treatment approaches a

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Children progress through various stages in early arithmetical learning as they develop strategies to solve number problems. The Stages of Early Arithmetical Learning (SEAL) classifies these strategies into different stages, such as Emergent, Perceptual, Figurative, Counting-On, and Facile. By movin

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This study explores the problem of finding the largest area axis-aligned B-empty rectangle containing n red points and m blue points. The research discusses various extensions to the original problem, such as the Blue Rectangles problem and the Outliers Problem, aiming to achieve efficient solutions

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Cancer's complex evolution introduces challenges in treatment response. B-SCITE aims to enhance tumor phylogeny inference by integrating bulk sequencing and single-cell data using a probabilistic approach. It addresses the complexity of tumor cell populations and potential treatment failure causes.

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According to Imam Ali, there are six stages of repentance that individuals must follow to seek forgiveness from Allah. These stages include regretting past actions, decisively committing to change, returning what belongs to others, restoring heavenly rights, practicing self-discipline, and making ne

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Rotorua Pistol Club conducted multiple stages in October 2020 with varying course of fire, round counts, targets, and start positions. The stages featured different starting positions, gun ready conditions, and engaging procedures. Participants faced a range of challenges involving IPSC targets, no-

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