Spread spectrum communication is a favored technology in military and commercial applications due to its resistance to jamming and interception. By spreading signals over a wide range of frequencies, it enhances security through encryption and authentication, making it challenging for attackers to d

4 views • 17 slides

Explore the comparison between various pulse modulations like PM1 and PM3, alongside amplitude modulation (AM) in the context of cellular technologies such as 2G, 4G(LTE), and advances in 5G NR. The discussion includes considerations of modulation frequency, duty cycles, and spectrum analysis to und

0 views • 8 slides

The AMPK system plays a crucial role in regulating energy homeostasis by sensing the cellular AMP:ATP ratio and responding to metabolic stresses that affect ATP production or consumption. AMPK is activated by factors such as hypoxia, glucose deprivation, and metabolic inhibitors, as well as by compo

0 views • 27 slides

Craving something sweet? Try Chocolate Coconut Modak With Nutrilite Chocolate Hazelnut Spread offers the perfect solution. With its luscious taste and health-conscious ingredients, their spread allows you to indulge without compromise. For more info visit our website: \/\/ \/chocolate-spread\/

1 views • 3 slides

The global satellite spectrum monitoring market is estimated to reach $5.14 billion in 2031 from $2.55 billion in 2021, at a growth rate of 7.24% during the forecast period.\nRead Report Overview: \/\/bisresearch.com\/industry-report\/satellite-spectrum-monitoring-market.html

1 views • 3 slides

This document presents a proposal for Spectrum Sensing Based Deferral (SSBD) to improve channel access in wireless networks. SSBD incorporates spectrum sensing with transmission deferral in a time-bound manner to enhance performance, reliability, and latency control. The proposed solution safeguards

1 views • 11 slides

Explore the concepts of bandwidth utilization, spreading, and transmission modes in data transmission and digital communication. Learn about spread spectrum techniques such as frequency hopping and direct sequence spread spectrum, which enable efficient sharing of wireless communication channels. Di

1 views • 28 slides

Spread spectrum techniques involve spreading a signal over a wide bandwidth for various reasons, such as secure communication, resistance to interference, noise, and jamming. This summary introduces Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS), Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS), Time Hopping, and h

0 views • 25 slides

The document discusses the tradeoff between error vector magnitude (EVM) and transmission power in the context of 4k QAM modulation. It explores the EVM requirements for 4k QAM and addresses issues such as channel estimation errors, modulation and coding scheme (MCS) parameters, and degradation with

0 views • 11 slides

This research focuses on protecting privacy in crowdsourced spectrum allocation, addressing the security challenges faced due to the presence of multiple entities and the sensitive information collected. By proposing potential ideas like Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) and Secure Multi-Party Comp

0 views • 26 slides

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is a technique that uses a rectangular pulse wave to modulate the pulse width, controlling power delivery to devices effectively. It involves altering the average value of a waveform by switching it on and off within a specified period. PWM has various applications, from

0 views • 26 slides

Introduction to plane waves, the electromagnetic spectrum, TV and radio spectrum, and a comparison of wired and wireless systems. Discusses the properties and applications of various frequency ranges within the electromagnetic spectrum. Highlights the efficiency of wireless systems over wired system

0 views • 37 slides

High Frequency (HF) radio communications, specifically using Single Side Band (SSB) modulation, are essential for effective long-distance communication. The components of an HF radio system include a transceiver, antenna, and power source. By utilizing the ionosphere, HF/SSB modulation enables cost-

5 views • 47 slides

Explore the realm of digital modulation techniques such as ASK, FSK, PSK, QPSK, QAM, and more. Learn about bandwidth efficiency, baud rates, minimum bandwidth, and how to calculate them. Discover the importance of M-ary modulation and how it impacts data transmission rates and bandwidth requirements

4 views • 18 slides

This comprehensive guide delves into the world of radio transmitters, covering their classifications based on modulation, service involved, frequency range, and power used. Learn about different types of modulation transmitters, service-specific transmitters, carrier frequency-based transmitters, an

4 views • 26 slides

Single Sideband Suppressed Carrier (SSB-SC) modulation is a technique in analog communication that transmits a single sideband along with the carrier signal, offering advantages such as reduced bandwidth consumption, increased signal transmission capacity, and lower noise interference. However, the

0 views • 9 slides

Digital communication in the context of computer engineering involves representing information in binary form for transmission. Sampling theory plays a key role in pulse modulation techniques, noise management, and modulation schemes like ASK, PSK, FSK, and QPSK. This course covers various topics su

6 views • 14 slides

This document discusses the principles and key features of unlicensed spectrum in the 6 GHz frequency band, focusing on coexistence with incumbent services, spectrum efficiency, and regulatory discussions. It also delves into channel access design for 3GPP technologies in the 5 GHz band, highlightin

0 views • 12 slides

Explore the world of Analogue Communication through Double Sideband Suppressed Carrier Modulation (DSB-SC) in the Computer Engineering Department at the University of Mustansiriyah. Delve into lectures covering the fundamentals and intricacies of this modulation technique under the guidance of Dr. H

1 views • 17 slides

This content delves into the realm of Pulse Code Modulation (PCM), outlining its significance in converting analog data to digital signals. It covers the process of Analog to Digital Conversion, emphasizing the advantages of digitizing analog signals for improved quality and reduced noise. The steps

0 views • 14 slides

Delve into the world of digital modulation for data transmission, exploring various modulation schemes, digital-to-analog conversion processes, the importance of digital modulation in mixed networks, and the fundamentals of modulation and demodulation.

0 views • 27 slides

The document discusses modulation schemes for extending the range in IEEE 802.11bd, aiming for at least 3dB lower sensitivity levels. It highlights the need for an implementation-friendly, proven technology already adopted in IEEE 802.11. The introduction of the MCS0 DCM scheme in 11ax is also cover

0 views • 15 slides

Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) is a widely used modulation technique for transmitting data signals onto a carrier in communication systems. It offers advantages like increased efficiency by combining amplitude and phase variations, making it suitable for various radio and data delivery applic

0 views • 15 slides

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition that affects social interaction, communication, and behavior. The spectrum includes a range of characteristics, from highly verbal individuals to non-verbal ones. Various disorders fall under the ASD umbrella, with different l

0 views • 14 slides

This case study highlights the challenges faced by students with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) in academic, social, and daily living aspects. It discusses the transitional challenges, mission of the Autism Inclusion Program, and statistics related to students with ASD. The study sheds light on the

0 views • 22 slides

This chapter delves into signal encoding techniques used in digital data transmission, covering key concepts such as encoding schemes like NRZ-L and NRZI, multilevel binary encoding, and biphase encoding. It explores the fundamentals of digital signaling, modulation techniques, and the relationship

3 views • 34 slides

Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FH-SSS) is a technique where the carrier frequency changes randomly using a Pseudo-Noise (PN) code. It is widely used in mobile civilian and military communications for secure and efficient data transmission. FH-SSS systems are classified as Fast or Slow based on t

0 views • 6 slides

This handbook provides insights into spectrum requirements for civil aviation workshops conducted in Egypt and Thailand in October 2016. It covers spectrum strategy, frequency management, spectrum overview for aviation, and frequency assignment planning to support the application of SARPs in Annex 1

0 views • 10 slides

A novel indoor millimeter-wave imaging system based on sparsity estimated compressed sensing and calibrated point spread function is introduced. The system utilizes a unique calibration procedure to process the point spread function acquired from measuring a suspended point scatterer. By estimating

2 views • 26 slides

Microwave tubes play a crucial role in high-frequency applications due to their efficiency and operating principles. Conventional tubes face limitations beyond 100MHz, while efficient microwave tubes utilize electron velocity modulation for power conversion. Klystron tubes, such as Reflex Klystron,

4 views • 19 slides

Unifying spectrum formulas for suprathermal particles, the proposed pan-spectrum formula provides a versatile fitting method encompassing classic double-power-law, band function, and kappa distribution. Motivated by the need for more accurate spectrum information, the formula introduces five paramet

0 views • 14 slides

Explore the implementation of market-based methods for spectrum allocation in SATRC countries. Learn about the requirements, benefits, and challenges associated with adopting market-based mechanisms, especially in the context of increasing demand for spectrum and technological advancements. Discover

0 views • 41 slides

Introduction to Digital Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) in the context of Real-Time Digital Signal Processing Lab. Topics covered include pulse shaping, symbol mapping, baseband PAM transmission, and more. The content delves into bit-to-symbol conversion, symbol amplitude mapping, symbol period det

0 views • 18 slides

Rich Kennedy presented on the need to change spectrum management practices within IEEE 802, addressing the results of straw polls conducted and proposing further investigation into Multi-band White Space feasibility. The presentation also highlighted the interest in advocating for an AI-managed spec

0 views • 14 slides

Flicker mitigation solutions for PHYs in IEEE802.15.7 were proposed by Sang-Kyu Lim and Tae-Gyu Kang from ETRI. The solutions address issues related to intra-frame flicker, inter-frame flicker, dimming support, and modulation schemes. Techniques such as RLL codes, Manchester coding, and PPM modulati

0 views • 10 slides

This document presents the evaluation results on the payload of Pulsed Modulation PHY for TG13, focusing on detection probability, BER vs SNR for header and payload, and coding considerations. It discusses the application of RS code for payload simulations and highlights the adjustments made for suc

0 views • 21 slides

The document presents simulation results for an LC-optimized PHY proposal for TGbb based on G.9991 PHY. It includes details on the simulation setup, frame detection results, header modulation, coding simulation results, payload modulation, and coding simulation results. The setup involved various re

0 views • 18 slides

In this lecture, we covered topics such as Spread Spectrum Modulation, Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS), Interference Rejection, RAKE Receiver, and Multiuser Systems. The review of the previous lecture focused on OFDM design issues, including timing and frequency offset, peak-to-average power

0 views • 11 slides

Explore Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM) and Delta Modulation (DM) concepts in digital communications, as outlined in the 2018-2019 curriculum of the CTE Department. Learn about encoding, quantization, error prediction, reconstruction at the receiver end, and the one-bit per sample transmis

0 views • 11 slides

The 3GPP TSG-RAN WG4 Meeting #100-e held discussions on defining EVM limits, modulation schemes, repeater requirements, and IMD requirements. Emphasis was placed on linking EVM levels to modulation schemes and declaring supported levels for repeaters. The meeting also addressed NF equivalent RF requ

0 views • 7 slides