Learn how to conduct a thorough musculoskeletal system assessment, including functional assessments and physical examination guidelines. Explore assessment techniques for ADLs, gait observation, joint palpation, muscle strength testing, and more in nursing practice.

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Explore the anatomy of the knee joint, common knee injuries like meniscus tears and ACL ruptures, and the role of physiotherapy in treatment and rehabilitation. Learn about exercises, gait training, and post-surgical care for knee injuries.

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Explore the features, causes, signs, and classifications of bone fractures in orthopedic medicine, including mechanisms, soft tissue involvement, displacement, and fracture patterns. Learn about the definition and common symptoms associated with bone fractures. Images and descriptions provide insigh

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Rheumatology encompasses over 200 conditions affecting the musculoskeletal system, with foot involvement being significant in conditions like RA and OA. Podiatrists play a crucial role in diagnosing, treating, and preventing foot problems associated with inflammatory arthritis, such as joint damage,

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Tooth resorption can be classified into physiologic and pathologic types, with external and internal resorption processes affecting teeth differently. Physiologic resorption is natural during primary teeth shedding, while pathologic resorption is triggered by abnormal stimuli. External resorption oc

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Testicular tumors are predominantly malignant, with germ cell tumors being the most common type. This article delves into the classification of testicular tumors, including primary and secondary, benign and malignant, germ cell, and non-germ cell tumors. Clinical findings such as painless enlargemen

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Falls among hospitalized patients pose a significant risk, with 30-50% resulting in injuries. The Morse Fall Scale (MFS) is a widely used method to assess fall risk, comprising six variables with predictive validity. Factors such as history of falling, ambulatory aids, gait, and mental status are cr

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This detailed guide covers the essential components of the acute knee exam conducted in an urgent care setting by Dr. Gregory Jones, including chief complaints, anatomy, examination techniques, ligament assessments, practical aspects, and more. The examination process involves assessing functional l

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Explore a comprehensive collection of videos and images demonstrating various pathologic gait patterns exhibited in patients with different lower extremity weaknesses and neurological conditions. From steppage gait to Parkinsonian gait, each video provides a visual insight into the distinct characte

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Infectious Diseases class focuses on various topics including Antibiotic Stewardship Practices, Community-Acquired Infections, Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria, Spirochetal Diseases, Diseases Caused by Bacterial and Viral Infections, HIV/AIDS, Fungal and Parasitic Infections. The class also

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Azoturia, also known as exertional rhabdomyolysis or tying-up syndrome, is a multifactorial myopathy that mainly affects draft horses. It is characterized by stiffness in gait, reluctance to move, lameness, and myoglobinuria. The disease typically occurs during exercise after a period of rest and ca

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Understanding age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is crucial for appropriate drug prescribing in older adults. Recognizing high-risk medications to avoid, understanding common drug interactions, and conducting regular drug list reviews are key components in providing safe an

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Dive into the world of vocabulary with Week 1's words and their meanings. Work with a partner to discuss terms like "swell," "aspect," "navigation," "submerge," "porthole," "anxiety," "cultural," "rampart," "tight-fisted," and "gait." Explore the nuances and applications of each word through engagin

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Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) is a condition characterized by the classic triad of dementia, urinary incontinence, and gait disturbance. Learn about the history, types, diagnostic studies, and presentation of NPH, along with differentiating it from other diseases. Discover the current standard

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Physiotherapy, a branch of medical science, utilizes various modalities like electric current, heat/cold, water, and exercises for therapeutic treatment. It includes exercise therapy with active and passive movements, electrotherapy, thermotherapy, hydrotherapy, and massage. Active movements involve

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Staging cancer cases is a critical process to determine the extent of the disease at diagnosis. Summary staging, including SEER Summary Stage 2000, categorizes cancer spread, combining clinical and pathologic data. Learn about primary staging systems, summary staging groups, and how cancer spreads l

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This resource delves into the static assessment of posture and balance, exploring the various inputs and control mechanisms involved in maintaining standing posture. It discusses the key factors influencing posture, such as visual, somatosensory, proprioceptive, and vestibular systems, along with mu

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Neurological examination in dogs and cats is crucial for diagnosing nervous system disorders. This guide covers the recording of history, general and detailed clinical examinations, examination of CSF, radiographic examination, EEG, and brain biopsy. It includes assessing history, mental state, move

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Sally Kennedy, a UK physiotherapist, explores gait abnormalities common in older individuals and those with neurological conditions. The content delves into the stages of the normal gait cycle, from initial contact to mid-swing, highlighting the importance of identifying and managing common gait pro

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Gait is a rhythmic motion of the lower extremities characterized by alternating propulsive and retropulsive movements. The Gait Cycle consists of Swing Phase and Stance Phase, each crucial for walking efficiency. Stance Phase is further divided into stages like Initial Contact, Loading Response, Mid

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Understanding pathological gait variations related to hip joint differences is crucial in gait analysis. Excessive sagittal, coronal, and transverse plane motions impact stance and swing phases, leading to deviations in gait patterns. Excess flexion, limited flexion, past retraction, excess adductio

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Explore different knee deviations in gait analysis, such as limited knee flexion, knee hyperextension, extensor thrust, and excess knee flexion. Learn how these deviations disrupt normal gait patterns, impact muscle demands, and affect shock absorption during various phases of the gait cycle.

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Breast cancer is heterogeneous, and predicting outcomes using clinical and pathologic features can be challenging. Genomic tests such as Oncotype DX, PAM50, and MammaPrint have been developed to aid in treatment decisions since 2002. Studies like the NSABP B-14 and B-20 trials have shown the benefit

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Balance in elderly individuals is essential to prevent falls and injuries. Disorders of balance can lead to difficulties in posture maintenance, walking, and dizziness. Neural components play a crucial role in postural control, involving sensory processes, central processing, and effector components

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This presentation focuses on the impact of osteoarthritis in older adults, key components of rehabilitation post Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA), falls risk, evidence-based balance improvement interventions, and the importance of supervision in rehab programs. It discusses the common locations and cau

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Walking is a fundamental yet complex phenomenon that plays a crucial role in our daily lives. Despite its significance, the science behind how we walk is often overlooked in education and healthcare. This article delves into the various aspects of walking, from muscle actions to gait analysis, shedd

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Expert opinions play a crucial role in the accurate diagnosis and treatment of sarcomas, rare tumors that can be challenging to identify. Second opinions help ensure correct pathology assessments, with studies showing significant modifications in initial diagnoses upon reevaluation. Central patholog

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Explore various types of fractures such as traumatic, pathologic, compressive, and more through detailed medical images and authentic reports. Learn about the severity of soft tissue damage, classifications by renowned professionals, and the significance of assessing soft tissue injuries. Delve deep

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This presentation delves into updates on the stratification tool for fall risk in community-dwelling older adults, emphasizing the importance of early intervention through opportunistic health visits. It discusses a decision tree model for assessing fall risk, highlighting the significance of histor

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This presentation discusses the considerations and choices of gait devices for children with lumbar level myelomeningocele. It covers the specific needs of pediatric patients, benefits and drawbacks of various devices, funding requirements, and clinical application through case studies. The material

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Genu valgum, also known as knock knees, is characterized by inward angulation of the legs at the knee joint. This condition can arise from various factors such as rickets, growth imbalances, muscle weakness, injuries, and more. Symptoms include visual separation of the ankles, altered gait, and pote

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Tooth movement can be categorized as physiologic, pathologic, or orthodontic, with forces transmitted through the tooth to the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Changes occurring due to light and heavy forces result in bone resorption and deposition, impacting the supporting structures. Histol

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This guide provides a detailed overview of neurological exams, focusing on components such as cognition, motor function, and cranial nerves. It covers essential aspects like mental status, reflexes, sensation, and gait assessment. The importance of thorough examination in primary care settings is em

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A 45-year-old male with gait abnormalities was referred for evaluation, with an unknown inheritance and deceased parents. His father had a history of ataxia and tremor. Using the GAIN scoring metric, the genomic content was assessed, including the presence of protein-coding genes, established TS gen

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Explore the detailed anatomy of the gluteal region, posterior compartment of the thigh, blood vessels, nerves, and muscles of the lower limb. Learn about dermatomes, communication areas, muscle actions, Trendelenburg gait, and more. This educational resource is part of a pedorthic program of study f

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