Acute gingival diseases encompass various conditions such as Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative Periodontitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative Stomatitis, and others. Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG) is a microbial disease primarily affecting the gingiva, characterized by necros

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In this lecture from the Department of Pathological Analyses at the University of Basrah, Prof. Dr. Saad S. Mahdi Al-amaradi Al-Amara discusses food spoilage, focusing on cereals, bakery foods, and meat products. The presentation covers the microbial spoilage of grains, including common mold species

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This course outline covers key topics in industrial biochemistry, microbiology, and biotechnology, focusing on the use of microorganisms and molecules to achieve specific goals in production processes. It delves into microbial physiology, genetics, metabolic pathways, enzymes, microbial growth, ferm

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Applied Microbiology focuses on harnessing the capabilities of microorganisms for the production of beneficial products like medicines, vaccines, and biotechnological advancements. This field explores the intricate interactions between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, emphasizing their pivotal

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Food spoilage is the deterioration of food to the point where it is no longer safe or suitable for consumption. It can occur due to various factors such as insect damage, physical injury, enzymatic degradation, microbial growth, temperature fluctuations, and more. Different types of spoilage can be

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The rhizosphere, the region surrounding plant roots, harbors a diverse community of microorganisms influenced by plant roots. Historical background and microbial interactions in the rhizosphere are explored, highlighting the favorable habitat for microbial proliferation and metabolism. Various techn

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Industrial production of citric acid has evolved from extraction processes to microbial fermentation, offering various industrial applications. Citric acid is utilized as an acidulant in food and pharmaceutical industries, a chelating agent in tanning, and a flavor enhancer in carbonated beverages.

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Water activity (aw) plays a crucial role in microbial activity, chemical and physical changes in foods, and the dehydration process. Maintaining water activity below specific levels can prevent microbiological spoilage and deterioration reactions, while also affecting texture, aroma, and overall qua

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Food spoilage in canned foods, especially in fish products, can be caused by microbial, chemical, and physical factors. Issues like dents or rusting on the can surface can also lead to spoilage. Microbial spoilage during canning process can result in various defects like swell, acidification, and ga

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Microbial nutrition involves essential elements required for microbial growth and energy production. Bacterial physiology delves into the structures and functions that enable bacteria to thrive, from cell wall composition to enzyme activities. Major elements like C, O, H, N, S, and P are crucial for

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Microbes require carbon for metabolic activities, with organisms categorized as heterotrophs or autotrophs based on their carbon source. In addition to carbon, macronutrients like nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur, potassium, and magnesium are crucial for cell function. Growth factors such as amino acid

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Explore the world of microbial genetics with Dr. Abhishek Thakur, an Assistant Professor specializing in Microbial Genetics at the College of Fisheries, Kishjanganj, BASU, Patna. Learn about important concepts such as strains, clones, genome, phenotype, genotype, genes, genetic recombination, and mu

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Quantitative determination of microbial growth is crucial for various purposes, with two commonly used methods being the standard plate count and spectrophotometric measurement. The standard plate count method estimates living microbial cell density, while spectrophotometric measurement relies on tu

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Interactions of organisms in ecosystems play a crucial role in the functioning of microbial ecology. Dr. Abhishek Thakur explores symbiosis, mutualism, syntrophism, commensalism, predation, and parasitism, shedding light on how different organisms interact with each other and their physical environm

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In food, microbial growth is influenced by intrinsic factors like pH, water activity, nutrient content, and extrinsic factors such as environmental conditions. The pH level, moisture content, and water activity play crucial roles in determining the growth of microorganisms, with specific ranges affe

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Raw meat products are highly perishable due to the presence of various spoilage bacteria, yeasts, and molds. Factors such as nutrient availability, oxygen levels, storage temperature, and pH influence the predominant spoilage flora in meat. Psychrotrophic bacteria thrive in refrigerated storage, lea

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Nutrient uptake by microbial cells involves various transport mechanisms such as passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and group translocation. These mechanisms ensure the specific acquisition of required nutrients by the cell through the selectively permeable plasma membrane.

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The normal microbial flora, also known as the indigenous microbiota, inhabit various areas of the human body such as the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, and skin. They play a crucial role in maintaining health and can re-establish themselves when disturbed. While resi

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Microbial nutrition is crucial for the growth and functioning of microorganisms, requiring various elements in different quantities to construct cellular components and obtain energy. Major elements like carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and others play vital roles in microbial

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Meat microbiology is a crucial aspect of food science, focusing on organisms present in red meat, poultry, fish, and their products. This field addresses both preventing food spoilage and protecting consumers against foodborne illnesses. Challenges arise from slaughtering to home consumption, where

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Moisture content and pH levels are key factors influencing the growth and survival of microorganisms in foods. The water activity (aw) of food substrates affects microbial growth, with bacteria and fungi having varying requirements. Lowering aw below optimum levels can increase the lag phase of grow

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Delve into the world of food science and technology with insights on what scientists do, the importance of understanding food, definitions of food science and food technology, factors affecting food spoilage, and traditional and modern food processing technologies. Gain knowledge on testing hypothes

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Exploring the multidimensional optimality of microbial metabolism through metabolic network analysis, C-based flux analysis, and stoichiometric reaction modeling. The concept of Pareto optimal solutions in multi-objective optimization problems is discussed in the context of microbial metabolic pathw

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Multi-Shower GB has developed the award-winning Medi-Shower, a unique anti-microbial showering system designed for healthcare facilities. Featuring color-coded Medi-Flush inserts, quarterly maintenance, and continual protection from bacteria, Medi-Shower provides a comprehensive solution to address

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Spicy foods like rosemary and clove have shown potential in inhibiting pathogenic microbial growth, which can help enhance food safety by reducing the need for chemical additives. This study explores the antimicrobial effects of these spices using microbial strains like Pseudomonas Fluorescens and S

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Understanding food spoilage causes, common food-poisoning bacteria, conditions for bacterial growth, ways to prevent food contamination, safe food handling practices, HACCP concept, types of perishable foods, importance of proper food storage, packaging materials for food, and recognizing signs of f

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Exploring the intersection of genetic engineering and microbial community engineering to enhance electron bifurcation systems. Addressing trade-offs between synthetic biology and wildtype organisms, incorporating microbial community engineering in Synbio, and investigating CO2 metabolism in the abse

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Pickles, a beloved food item known for their unique taste and variety, are an essential part of many cuisines around the world. This article explores the different types of pickles, methods of preservation using common preservatives like salt and vinegar, as well as signs of spoilage to watch for. F

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Kitchen hygiene and food safety are crucial to prevent food spoilage and food poisoning. Factors like enzymes, micro-organisms, and oxygen can lead to food spoilage, while food poisoning occurs when pathogenic bacteria multiply in consumed food. Practicing proper hygiene, storage, and preparation me

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Food preservation is a crucial aspect of ensuring food safety, extending shelf life, and preventing spoilage. This article delves into the definition of food preservation, its objectives, and the importance of preserving foods. From preventing microbial contamination to increasing food availability,

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In June 2017, data from MicrobeDB.jp was analyzed, revealing microbial diversity in various phyla and families. The study included Wilcoxon P-values and abundances of different microbial genera. The analysis indicated the presence of various bacterial and archaeal species in different environments,

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Meat preservation is crucial to prevent microbial spoilage during distribution and storage. Methods include physical (drying, refrigeration, heat) and chemical (salting, smoking) techniques. Drying meat reduces water content, inhibiting microbial growth while prolonging shelf life. Various drying me

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This content provides a detailed guide on the isolation of microbes from various environments using techniques such as sample introduction, inoculation, incubation, inspection, and identification. It includes information on the use of an incubator, materials, and methods required for microbial isola

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Explore the principles of food spoilage in the context of microbial and nonmicrobial influences. Topics covered include classification of foods based on stability, types of agents causing spoilage, prevention practices, and the criteria for acceptability of food. Learn about microbial growth, enzyme

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The field of food microbiology delves into the intricate relationship between microorganisms and food, covering aspects such as fermentation, spoilage, and probiotics. Discoveries by pioneers like Pasteur paved the way for understanding the roles of microorganisms in food production and preservation

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Explore the various methods of food preservation such as freezing, freeze-drying, and irradiation. Learn how freezing slows enzyme action and prevents microbial growth, while freeze-drying preserves food by removing moisture through sublimation. Discover how irradiation destroys spoilage organisms t

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Preserving meat is essential to control spoilage and extend its shelf life. Factors like temperature, pH, moisture content, and packaging play crucial roles in meat storage. Methods such as chilling, freezing, curing, smoking, canning, and drying are commonly used to preserve meat, each offering uni

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Microbial growth is defined as an increase in cellular constituents leading to a rise in microorganism size or population. The growth of bacterial cells is characterized by distinct phases such as lag phase and exponential phase. During the lag phase, cells are synthesizing new components before div

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Explore the diverse world of aquatic microbial groups, their distribution in different water bodies, and their roles in ecosystems. Learn about the factors influencing microbial growth in water, the impact of eutrophication, bioremediation strategies, and the unique microbial communities found in es

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Anti-microbial agents, including antiseptics, disinfectants, and germicides, play a crucial role in preventing infections and promoting public health. They can inhibit the growth of pathogenic micro-organisms on living tissues, objects, and materials. Sterilization ensures complete destruction of al

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