Supplementation retirement benefit (SBRP) is a defined benefit providing lifetime income separately managed by SBCTC. Eligibility requirements include age, years of service, and disability retirement provisions. Calculations are complex and based on retirement age, years of service, goal income, and

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Explore how Vitamin D influences gene expression, lowers COVID-19 risk, and affects infectious diseases. Discover mechanisms, supplementation benefits, and recommendations for Vitamin D in chronic conditions. Insights from studies shed light on the importance of Vitamin D for overall health.

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The rapid acceleration of societal development, as highlighted by Alvin Toffler, coupled with sudden and revolutionary changes in various aspects of human life, presents both prosperity and challenges. The future trends indicate increasing complexity, necessitating collaboration, interdependence, an

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Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation (MMS) offers significant benefits compared to Iron and Folic Acid (IFA) for pregnant and nursing women. UNIMMAP MMS contains 15 essential vitamins and minerals, meeting requirements poor diets cannot fulfill. Research supports the effectiveness and safety of MM

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The ongoing activities of the Nutrition Surveillance Learning Network in Kenya, presented by Samuel Murage, shed light on malnutrition statistics, micronutrient deficiencies, breastfeeding trends, vitamin A supplementation, and IFAs for pregnant women. The presentation also discussed information sys

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The thyroid gland is a vital endocrine gland located below the larynx, responsible for producing thyroid hormones essential for regulating metabolism. This gland consists of follicles lined with follicular cells, producing thyroglobulin and thyroid hormones T3 and T4. Iodine plays a crucial role in

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Iodine is an essential mineral crucial for thyroid function and preventing birth defects like cretinism. It is found in varying amounts in soil, iodized salt, seafood, and certain foods. Iodized salt contains 400 micrograms of iodine per teaspoon. Daily iodine requirements differ based on age and li

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The Gram stain is a crucial technique in bacteriology, dividing bacteria into Gram-positive and Gram-negative groups based on cell wall characteristics. This method involves using crystal violet, iodine, ethanol, and safranin to differentiate between the two types of bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria

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The prevention, control, and treatment of nutritional and metabolic diseases in zoo and wild animals are essential for maintaining their health. These diseases, such as rickets, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and fibrous osteodystrophy, can result from imbalances in dietary nutrients and metabolic dera

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Fat Cow Syndrome, also known as Fatty Liver Disease in Cattle, is a condition commonly seen in high-producing cows during the transition period around calving. The disease is characterized by mobilization of excessive body fat to the liver due to negative energy balance, leading to hepatic lipidosis

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The kinetic reaction of sulphite ions and iodate in the Landolt reaction is a fascinating chemical process where slow and fast reactions occur sequentially, resulting in a visually striking color change. By monitoring the induction period between the two reactions, one can observe the formation of h

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Oxygen therapy is a crucial intervention in veterinary medicine, especially in emergency situations to address hypoxia and increase oxygen delivery to tissues. It involves delivering high concentrations of oxygen to optimize oxygen levels in the blood. Indications for oxygen therapy include hypoxia

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Global Fortified Salts Market Breakdown by Application (Food Processing Industry, Hotel & Restaurant, Household, Others) by Type (Iodine Fortified Salt, Iron Fortified Salt, Others) by Sales Channel (Supermarkets\/Hypermarkets, Convenience Stores, On

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Ashwagandha, also known as Indian Ginseng, is a powerful herb with a wide range of health benefits. From reducing stress and anxiety to improving stamina and treating joint pains, Ashwagandha has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for centuries. With active constituents like alkaloids and steroidal lac

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Adolescents undergo significant physical changes that require specific nutritional needs. Pediatricians should be aware of the increased requirements for energy, proteins, and micronutrients during this crucial stage. Providing nutrition assessment, counseling, and adequate supplementation can help

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In this lecture by Asst. Prof. Dr. Ibrahim Salih, the focus is on lipid biosynthesis, specifically the three phases involved: glycerol formation, fatty acid biosynthesis, and triglyceride production. The classification of fixed oils into drying, semi-drying, and non-drying categories based on their

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Micronutrients play a vital role in promoting strong and steady growth in crops like maize, leading to higher yields and improved harvest quality. This study aims to assess the impact of micronutrient supplementation, specifically Cu, Fe, and Zn, on maize grain yield and the uptake of macronutrients

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Contrast radiography is a crucial technique in veterinary medicine that involves using contrast media to enhance visualization of organs and lesions. Different types of contrast media, positive and negative, are used to alter tissue radio density for better demarcation. Barium and iodine compounds a

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Thyroid hormones, including triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), are essential for regulating metabolism, growth, development, body temperature, and heart rate. They are tyrosine-based hormones produced by the thyroid gland, requiring iodine for synthesis. T3 affects various physiological proce

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Acute malnutrition, particularly severe acute malnutrition (SAM), requires careful fluid management and a structured treatment approach involving stabilization, transition, and rehabilitation phases. This condition results from inadequate dietary intake or acute infections, leading to severe wasting

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This experiment investigates the permeability of dialysis tubing to glucose, starch, and iodine. By observing color changes and conducting tests, the study demonstrates the selective movement of molecules across the membrane, highlighting the concept of selective permeability in cells.  

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Salivary enzyme amylase, also known as ptyalin, plays a crucial role in breaking down starch and glycogen into maltose. This practical session in the Zoology department explores the action of salivary enzyme amylase at a temperature of 37°C and pH of 6.6. By conducting experiments with starch, iodi

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Explore the impact of nutrition on COPD patients, with evidence supporting the benefits of increased fruits and vegetables, Vitamin A, and Vitamin D supplementation. Studies show improved lung function, respiratory muscle strength, and exercise capacity in patients following specific dietary interve

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Learn how to effectively manage migraine headaches and administer anticonvulsants during pregnancy, with insights into symptom recognition, prophylactic treatments, medication safety, and counseling on endocrine disorders like diabetes mellitus and thyroid diseases. Stay informed on teratogenic effe

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After 6 months of age, breastfed infants may struggle to meet their nutrient needs from milk alone, necessitating the introduction of complementary foods. Implementing guiding principles can help ensure optimal nutrition and growth, including exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months, practicin

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Surgical skin preparation is crucial to reduce microbes and prevent surgical site infections. It involves thorough cleansing to eliminate dirt, oils, and microbes while minimizing the risk of infection. Methods include mechanical friction and using antiseptic solutions like alcohol, iodine, and chlo

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Algae have significant economic importance as they serve as primary producers, food sources, fodder for animals, bio-fertilizers, and aids in soil reclamation. They play a crucial role in oxygen production, water pollution reduction, and are utilized in industries such as iodine extraction. Algae ar

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Learn about testing leaves for starch in plants, the importance of starch as a storage molecule, and the procedure for conducting an iodine test to detect starch levels. Explore the steps involved, the rationale behind each step, and the significance of destarching plants before experimentation.

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A 38-year-old female with a history of resistant hypertension and hypokalemia was referred for evaluation. She had been on multiple antihypertensive medications but still had uncontrolled blood pressure and low potassium levels. After treatment with potassium supplementation and adjustment of medica

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Essential minerals play a crucial role in the growth and reproductive performance of beef cows. Divided into macro and micro categories, these minerals are necessary for skeletal development, milk production, and overall body function. While some minerals are readily available in forage, supplementa

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The study explores the effects of replacing inorganic zinc with a lower level of organic zinc (zinc propionate) on performance, biochemical constituents, and mineral status in buffalo calves. Zinc deficiency is a critical issue affecting growth, immunity, and reproduction in livestock. Inorganic min

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Sheep and goats play a vital role in the economy of India, contributing significantly to meat production. The study explores the impact of different dietary selenium levels on immunity and meat quality in Nellore Ram lambs. Selenium plays a crucial role in animal health, particularly in enhancing di

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This presentation by Kate Walker, MD, RDN, LDN, CSG, provides detailed information on high-risk micronutrient deficiencies in older adults, focusing on B12, Vitamin D, and Zinc. It covers the identification of deficiencies, signs, symptoms, and updated recommendations for supplementation. Discussion

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This session, led by Dr. Patrick Asamoah Sakyi from the Department of Earth Science at UG, delves into the significance of geological elements in human health, discussing diseases arising from their deficiency or excess intake. Topics include geophagy, fluorine's impact on dental health, iodine defi

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Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis, crucial for neurological development in utero and early life. Adequate iodine levels prevent adverse effects like decreased IQ, goiter, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism. Mild to moderate iodine deficiency in pregnant women can have adverse outcom

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This study investigates the impact of maternal wheat bran supplementation on the microbiota and intestinal parameters of piglets, aiming to address gut disorders and the overuse of antibiotics in swine production. The research focuses on the potential benefits of prebiotics like wheat bran in improv

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The halogens are a group of non-metals in the periodic table with seven electrons in their outer shell, making them highly reactive. This article discusses the properties and uses of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. Fluorine is utilized in toothpaste, chlorine is commonly used as a

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When a non-stationary reactor is shut down or its load is reduced to zero, xenon poisoning occurs due to the disruption of dynamic equilibrium between the increase and decrease of 135Xe. This leads to a temporary increase in 135Xe concentration, followed by a decrease as it decays. The reactivity ma

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Radioactive iodine (RAI) is commonly used in treating differentiated thyroid cancer but can lead to salivary and lacrimal dysfunction. This joint clinical consensus statement by the American Head and Neck Society Endocrine Surgery and Salivary Gland Sections highlights the importance of understandin

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The study reviews the benefits and risks of calcium and vitamin D supplementation for bone health. It discusses the impact on bone loss, fracture prevention, fall prevention, and cardiovascular risks. Evidence suggests that increasing calcium intake may have limited effects on bone mineral density a

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