Effects of Maternal Wheat Bran Supplementation on Piglet Microbiota

This study investigates the impact of maternal wheat bran supplementation on the microbiota and intestinal parameters of piglets, aiming to address gut disorders and the overuse of antibiotics in swine production. The research focuses on the potential benefits of prebiotics like wheat bran in improving gut health, reducing antibiotic resistance, and enhancing the maturation of the gut immune system. Through various analyses and experiments, the study explores the effects of wheat bran on SCFA production, inflammatory responses, villus height, and crypt depth in the intestines of piglets.

• Wheat bran
• Piglets
• Microbiota
• Prebiotics
• Gut health

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1. Effects of maternal wheat bran supplementation on microbiota and intestinal parameters of piglets J. Leblois1,2, S. Massart2, J. Wavreille3, B. Li2, J. Bindelle2, N. Everaert2 1 FRIA-FNRS, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique, Rue d Egmont, 5. 1000 Brussels, Belgium 2GxABT, ULg, Passage des D port s, 2. B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium 3Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Rue de Liroux, 9. B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium *julie.leblois@ulg.ac.be

2. Introduction Objective Methods Results Conclusion Weaning piglets Mutiple stresses: - Nutritional - Emotionnal - Social Gut disorders - - ETEC infections Less absorption of nutrients Use and abuse of antibiotics (AB)

3. Introduction Objective Methods Results Conclusion

4. Introduction Objective Methods Results Conclusion Use and abuse of antibiotics Multi-resistant bacteria Probiotics Zinc oxide Need to find sustainable alternatives Prebiotics Act on microbiota of the piglets

5. Introduction Objective Methods Results Conclusion Use and abuse of antibiotics Multi-resistant bacteria Need to find sustainable alternatives Act on microbiota of the piglets Maturation of gut immune system Production of beneficial SCFA

6. Introduction Objective Methods Results Conclusion Timing? Piglets before and/or at weaning Sows before birth Microbiota transfer - Faeces during lactation Milk Umbilical cord - -

7. Introduction Objective Methods Results Conclusion Wheat bran Intestinal inflammatory response Microbiota SCFA production Villus height/crypt depth

8. Introduction Objective Methods Results Conclusion 7 CON sows & 8 WB sows - - Gestation 240g/kg DM WB Lactation 140g/kg DM WB Weaning: 16 female piglets euthanized

9. Introduction Objective Methods Results Conclusion Colon content Illumina MiSeq Duodenum, jejunum, ileum Haematoxylin/eosin coloration Ileum, caecum, colon contents SCFA

10. Introduction Objective Methods Results Conclusion Ileum tissue TLR4 TNF- Control LPS 10 g/ml ZO-1 CLDN2 2 reference genes: - GAPDH - PPIA Incubation 2 hours, 39 C, 5% CO2

11. Introduction Objective Methods Results Conclusion 5 genera differed between maternal treatment for piglets, including butyrate- producing Colinsella Leblois, J. et al. (2017) Modulation of piglets microbiota: differential effects by a high wheat bran maternal diet during gestation and lactation. Sci. Rep. 7, article 7426

12. Introduction Objective Methods Results Conclusion Ileum Caecum Colon Acetate / WB > CON WB > CON Butyrate / WB < CON / Valerate WB < CON WB < CON WB < CON Villus height Crypt depth Ratio villus/crypt 600 600 6 Villus height ( m) Crypt depth ( m) * 4 400 400 + CON CON CON * * 2 200 200 WB WB WB 0 0 0 Duo Jej Ile Duo Jej Ile Duo Jej Ile * p<0.05 + p<0.10

13. Introduction Objective Methods Results Conclusion Relative gene expression of ileal explants 2.5 2 NO-LPS CON 1.5 2- Ct LPS CON 1 NO-LPS WB LPS WB 0.5 0 TNF- TLR-4 ZO-1 CLDN-2 No impact of the LPS treatment Due to dose, incubation time or E. coli strain? No impact of the maternal treatment, considering or not LPS treatment

14. Introduction Objective Methods Results Conclusion Maternal treatment effect? Impact Microbiota Yes 5 genera impact, including butyrate- producing Colinsella. Transfer probably during lactation and gestation SCFA Yes - - - Less valerate WB pigs Higher acetate WB pigs Higher butyrate CON pigs Histomorphology Yes - - - Higher villi duodeneum WB pigs Shorter crypts jejunum WB pigs Higher ratio duodenum & jejunum WB pigs Inflammatory response No No impact of LPS challenge No impact of maternal treatment

15. Introduction Objective Methods Results Conclusion For the future: Metabolomics/metatranscriptomics for piglets? Jejunum: quantify the expression of carbohydrate transporter to determine wether the higher ratio could impact nutrient absorption Ex vivo: dose and incubation time may not be adequate

16. Acknowledgments For financial support: National Fund For Scientific Research (FNRS-FRIA) University of Li ge For providing animals and facilities: CRA-w Julie.leblois@ulg.ac.be