Ottoman Empire faced agricultural and fiscal crises in the 17th century, leading to internal rebellions. However, by the mid-17th century, the empire had recovered and experienced further expansion, albeit at a slower rate compared to the previous century. In the 18th century, the Ottomans suffered

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The Caucasus Transmission Network I-III Project aims to establish an asynchronous power connection between Georgia and Armenia, fostering reliable cross-border energy exchange and regional integration within the South Caucasus countries. The project involves the construction of substations, transmis

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The rise of Janapadas and Mahajanapadas marked a significant transition in the political landscape of Vedic India. Janapadas, major kingdoms of that era, evolved into more powerful Mahajanapadas through territorial expansion and urbanization. The shift from tribal polities to territorial states led

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Democracy and the rule of law in the European Union are facing challenges such as backsliding and low voter turnout. This article discusses tools the EU can use to address these crises, ways to strengthen the link between the European Parliament and its citizens, factors affecting voter turnout in E

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Territorial sovereignty is a fundamental concept in Public International Law, essential for understanding the exercise of state authority within a defined territory. This concept encompasses the legal aspects of sovereignty, jurisdiction, and the rules governing territorial ownership changes. The ac

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This report analyzes existing curricula related to Electrical Mobility in European and Western Balkan HEIs. The workshop conducted at POLIS University in Vienna highlighted the problems and needs of HEIs in the Western Balkans. The report discusses the organizational structure of POLIS University an

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The European Union's judicial cooperation instruments, including mutual recognition of judgments, form the basis for cooperation in criminal matters among Member States. The mechanisms outlined in various Council Framework Decisions and Directives emphasize mutual trust and compliance with EU law. T

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In the closed enforcement session of the International Enforcement Cooperation Working Group, key concerns surrounding data protection and privacy were discussed, along with the need for regulatory responses and the potential benefits of cooperation. Participants considered the impact on various jur

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Regulatory Amendment 2 aims to establish coherent regulations for the commercial and recreational harvest of queen conch in the U.S. Caribbean exclusive economic zone and USVI territorial waters. The proposal addresses the compatibility of commercial trip limits and recreational bag limits to enhanc

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The Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) plays a crucial role in strengthening childcare policies, particularly focusing on the next generation's well-being. Quality childcare programs aid in developing vital skills and fostering full-time employment, especially for women, while reducing inequalit

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This content delves into the European Territorial Cooperation (ETC) regulatory framework, covering key regulations, the context of proposals, and the key features of ETC regulation. It discusses the scope of ETC regulation, components of the European territorial cooperation goal, and the relationshi

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The partnership between the National School of Government (NSG) and the European Union (EU) through the Public Service Training and Capacity Building Programme aims to strengthen institutional capacity for human development in South African public administration. This collaboration supports the stra

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The Army Cadet League of Canada is a civilian nonprofit organization that works in partnership with local communities and the Canadian Armed Forces to support Army Cadets. It follows a federated model with 13 provincial and territorial branches, and relies heavily on volunteers for its workforce. Su

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The relationship between China and Japan has transitioned from confrontation to détente, marked by positive momentum and normalized tracks in their interactions. This shift, influenced by global dynamics and business interests, signals potential for a healthier mix of cooperation and competition in

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This presentation, given at a regional event in Kolkata, discusses the opportunities and challenges of trans-boundary cooperation in the South Asia power sector. It explores the benefits of regional power integration, the analytical approach taken, baseline scenarios, potential impacts of regional c

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The Baltic Sea Region Programme 2014-2020 focuses on sustainable regional development through transnational cooperation projects, addressing territorial challenges, and fostering place-based growth. It covers 11 participating countries and aligns with the EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region, provi

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Programming Policy Objective 5 (PO5), led by Wallis Goelen, focuses on integrated territorial development in Europe for the period 2021-2027. PO5 aims to address diverse local needs through methods like CLLD and ITI, fostering sustainability in urban and rural areas. Integrated Territorial Developme

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The European Union's institutional framework is defined by the Treaties of Lisbon, European Union, and Functioning of European Union. These treaties establish the EU's objectives, governance principles, and delineate competences. Additionally, EU antitrust law principles are based on the Treaties of

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The European Union General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a comprehensive data protection law that aims to safeguard personal data and privacy within the EU. It replaced the Data Protection Directive and has notable requirements such as notice/consent, data subject rights, data retention, secu

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ASTRONET, a group of European funding agencies and infrastructures, coordinates all aspects of European astronomy. Established in the early 2000s with EU funding, ASTRONET focuses on long-term planning for the development of European astronomy. It has created the European Science Vision and Infrastr

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European exploration of North America was primarily driven by the desire for wealth, power, and territorial expansion. The Spanish, French, and British each had unique interests in the southeastern region, with the Spanish seeking gold, conversion of Native Americans to Christianity, and personal gl

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Different aspects of judicial cooperation in environmental cases, focusing on practical scenarios like serving documents and taking evidence, as well as broader European Union policies for environmental protection and the European area of justice. Emphasis is placed on ensuring access to review proc

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The European Parents Association (EPA) was founded in Milan in 1985 and represents over 150 million European citizens through its member associations across Europe. EPA advocates for parents' rights in education and emphasizes the importance of parental involvement and support in their children's le

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The Socrates Project was an educational initiative by the European Commission involving 31 countries. It aimed to enhance the European dimension of education, language knowledge, cooperation, mobility, innovation, and opportunities. Named after the philosopher Socrates, the program operated from 199

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The European Railway Agency (ERA) plays a crucial role in enhancing cooperation between rail and buses through Telematics Applications. Established in 2004, ERA focuses on recommending legislation, ensuring interoperability, and enhancing safety in the European rail network. Recommendations made by

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The EU-CERT project involves European Certificates and Accreditation for European Projects, with upcoming events like the Transnational Partner Meeting (TPM5) in Paderborn, Germany, and the Final Policy Recommendation Conference in March 2024. The accreditation website tool and related information a

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Environmental territorial management plays a crucial role in boosting water and energy security. The approach focuses on the Parana River basin, encompassing numerous reservoirs and dams, highlighting challenges to water security such as ecosystem services loss and increased loads in water bodies. I

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Explore capacity4dev.eu, the European Commission's platform for knowledge sharing on development and cooperation. Learn how it addresses the challenges of knowledge loss, supports thematic expertise, breaks silos, enables cross-learning, and consolidates knowledge tools. Discover how capacity4dev.eu

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The Visegrad Group's cooperation traces back to the tensions easing between East and West in the late 1980s, leading to the establishment of regional cooperation initiatives among Central European countries. The group's journey includes key milestones such as the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact, the

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The European Public Prosecutor's Office (EPPO) has territorial and personal competence in investigating criminal offenses affecting the Union's financial interests. This includes offenses across multiple Member States with significant financial damage. The EPPO also handles offenses related to parti

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The Veneto Region in Italy is actively involved in European Territorial Cooperation (ETC) Programs, focusing on the MED Programme. The region's internal organization, led by the Territorial Cooperation and Macroregional Strategies Unit, is dedicated to setting policies, providing human resources for

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Representatives of major nations convened at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 to discuss the post-World War I peace process. The Big Four, comprising Great Britain, France, the United States, and Italy, had significant influences in shaping the Treaty of Versailles. The demands of the Big Four var

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This project focuses on assessing national quality assurance structures in higher education institutions in Moldova, Ukraine, and Belarus. It aims to address challenges, differences, and cross-country cooperation for ensuring quality standards. The background emphasizes the importance of quality ass

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European Cooperation Day 2013 celebrated cross-border and territorial cooperation with various projects and events across Europe. The involvement of Artur Viira as an information manager in promoting the campaign's achievements highlighted the importance of cooperation among European countries. The

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This research presentation delves into the civilian victimization during the Korean War, exploring the impact of territorial changes and the prospect of victory. It examines the research question on why participants in conventional civil wars target civilians and what factors determine the violence

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Improving freight transport coordination and planning in the Trans Tritia project territory covering Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, and specific regions aims to address territorial challenges, enhance regional integration, and foster cross-border cooperation. The project, co-financed by the Europ

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Investigating the functional and lexical distribution of Indo-European verb classes, this research delves into the mi- and xa-conjugations in Proto-Indo-European, new discoveries in the preterit of the xa-conjugation, paradigms in Hittite, perfect and middle endings in Late Indo-European, and the ch

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Aix Marseille University, with its rich history and vast academic offerings, is at the forefront of Franco-Norwegian academic cooperation. Through various faculties and international partnerships, the university provides a thriving environment for over 80,000 students, including a significant number

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The European Account Preservation Order (EAPO) is an optional cross-border instrument for freezing bank accounts in EU member states, providing quick enforcement without the need for multiple parallel proceedings. It allows for the seizure of funds in debtor accounts with specific jurisdictional and

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The European Commission initiated the European Deposit Insurance Scheme (EDIS) to strengthen confidence in the banking industry in Europe, solidifying the European monetary union. EDIS will be phased in from 2017 to 2024, providing more stability for European depositors and addressing potential pitf

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