Guidelines of renal biopsy, types of acute kidney injury, clinical manifestations, and pathological findings in this comprehensive lecture. Explore the normal anatomy and histology of the kidney, terminology, etiology, pathophysiology, and more.

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Bovine anaplasmosis is an infectious disease in ruminants caused by Anaplasma species transmitted by ticks. This article covers the etiology, host susceptibility, transmission methods, symptoms, and life cycle of the disease. It highlights the age-related susceptibility in cattle and provides insigh

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Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is defined as lung parenchyma inflammation occurring 48 hours or more after endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation initiation. It is a common nosocomial infection in ICU patients, with significant morbidity and mortality rates. Etiology of VAP involv

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Phlegmon is a severe inflammatory condition resulting from bacterial infection, leading to the formation of purulent exudates. This article discusses different types of phlegmon, such as eyelid phlegmon and spinal phlegmon, along with their etiology, classification, and complications. Understanding

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Dupuytren's disease is characterized by fibrotic nodules and bands in the palmar aponeurosis, leading to flexion deformities in the fingers. The etiology is unclear, with higher incidence in Europe. Clinical presentation varies, with treatment options including collagenase injections, needle aponeur

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Genitourinary Tract Infections and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are common conditions affecting both men and women. This article, presented by Prof. Dr. Mete Kılcıler from the Department of Urology at Bahçeşehir University School of Medicine, delves into the various aspects of UTIs, in

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Cholestasis is characterized by reduced bile flow and elevated direct bilirubin. It is critical to differentiate it from neonatal jaundice. In conditions like biliary atresia and 1-antitrypsin deficiency, early diagnosis and intervention are crucial to prevent liver failure. Clinical manifestations

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Learn about radial paralysis, bicipital bursitis, capped elbow, and omarthritis in veterinary medicine. Understand the etiology, symptoms, and treatment options for these conditions, including corticosteroid injections and surgical debridement. Recognize the signs of omarthritis and how it affects j

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Affections of the jaw in animals can range from congenital conditions to inflammatory diseases like gnathitis and lymphadenitis. Paralysis of the lower jaw, gnathitis from bit injuries, and lymphadenitis are discussed, along with their etiology, clinical signs, and treatment options such as general

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Bloat in cattle, characterized by overdistension of the rumenoreticulum with gases of fermentation, can be caused by various factors including diet, obstruction, or diseases. Frothy bloat and free gas bloat are common types, each with its own triggers and symptoms. Diagnosis involves a thorough hist

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Psychosis in older adults presents unique challenges due to varied etiology, different presentations, and higher associated morbidity. Causes include medical conditions, psychiatric disorders, and certain medications. Delirium, depression, and dementia are common contributors to psychosis in the eld

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History taking is a crucial process in patient assessment, aiding in determining the etiology of medical issues. Obtaining an accurate history through proper questioning, active listening, and maintaining a professional appearance is vital for making accurate diagnoses. The history should follow a s

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Learn about anthrax, tuberculosis, and salmonellosis, three significant bacterial diseases affecting wild and zoo animals. Understand their etiology, hosts, transmission, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment to safeguard animal populations effectively.

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Exploring the epidemiology and etiology of malaria with a focus on travel-related risks. Educational objectives include gaining knowledge on malaria transmission, prevention strategies, and the importance of seeking medical advice before traveling to endemic areas.

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Purulent diseases of serous cavities, specifically purulent pleurisy and empyema pleurae, are marked by the secondary nature of inflammation in the parietal and visceral pleura. The classification details the etiology and clinical variations, while the pathogenesis explains the development from vari

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Understanding the prevalence, structure, and classification of TMJ dysfunction is vital in the diagnosis and orthopedic treatment of patients. Anamnesis, symptoms evaluation, and etiology of disc displacement play crucial roles in identifying the underlying issues. This comprehensive guide sheds lig

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Rabies is an acute fatal disease affecting humans and warm-blooded animals worldwide. It is characterized by abnormal behavior, nervous disturbances, and ultimately death due to respiratory paralysis. Rabies claims approximately 55,000 human lives annually, with efforts at control showing marginal s

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Salmonellosis is caused by the gram-negative bacterium Salmonella enterica. It predominantly affects warm-blooded vertebrates, leading to carrier states, septicemia, enteritis, and other clinical presentations like abortion and arthritis. The disease is transmitted through contaminated foods of anim

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Trishna Roga, or excessive thirst, is a condition characterized by a strong desire for water due to dehydration. It can be caused by factors like vomiting, diarrhea, and excessive sweating. This article discusses the etiology, symptoms, and traditional treatment methods of Trishna Roga as per Ayurve

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Dive into the world of personality disorders with this informative presentation by Professor Al-Sughayir. Explore the definition of personality, various types of disorders, traits, terminologies, and etiology. Gain insights into normal versus abnormal traits, functional impairments, and the role of

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Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the pharynx characterized by coughing, painful swallowing, and appetite changes. It can be caused by physical or infectious factors, leading to symptoms such as virtual obstruction, regurgitation, and drooling. Understanding the etiology and pathogenesis is crucial

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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is caused by an osseous defect at the skull base, leading to a leak due to disruption of the dura mater and arachnoid. Trauma and iatrogenic factors are common causes, with non-traumatic cases often linked to high-pressure leaks or tumor growth. Diagnosis involve

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Viral gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract primarily affecting the stomach and small intestine, leading to symptoms like acute diarrhea and vomiting. It can be caused by various infectious agents such as Rotavirus, Adenovirus, Caliciviruses, Astrovirus, Coronavirus, Torov

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Downer Cow Syndrome (DCS) is a condition affecting dairy cows, characterized by prolonged recumbency despite treatment with calcium. It often occurs after milk fever and can lead to various complications. This article covers the etiology, clinical symptoms, prevention, and management strategies for

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Eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa, are serious psychological illnesses characterized by abnormal eating habits leading to detrimental effects on physical and mental health. This lecture discusses the definition, etiology, clinical features, and treatment options for anorexia nervosa, h

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Tyzzer's disease is an acute bacterial infection affecting rodents and rabbits, caused by Clostridium piliforme. Discovered in 1917 by Ernest Tyzzer, the disease is characterized by necrotic lesions in the caecal mucosa, liver, and heart. Initially known as Bacillus piliformis, it was later renamed

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Alzheimer's disease is a prevalent neurodegenerative brain disorder characterized by memory loss and other cognitive impairments. This article discusses the etiology, risk factors, and pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease, along with in-vitro screening models used to test potential drugs, focusing

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Dr. Gyan Dev Singh, an Assistant Professor at VCC, BVC, Patna-14, provides valuable insights on the treatment and management of wounds and abscesses. Abscesses, categorized as acute or chronic, are collections of pus caused by organisms like Staphylococci and Streptococci. This informative content c

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Glanders is a contagious bacterial disease primarily affecting equidae but can also infect other animals, including humans. Caused by Burkholderia mallei, it has a historical occurrence and poses risks globally due to its transmission potential. The etiology, survival characteristics, host range, an

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Glanders, also known as Farcy, Equinia, or Malleus, is a contagious disease affecting horses, mules, and donkeys. It is caused by the bacteria Pseudomonas mallei and can be transmitted through direct contact or inhalation. The disease manifests with nodules or ulcers in the respiratory tract and on

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This information discusses the symptoms and diagnostic approach for urinary tract infections in adults, along with the current management guidelines. It covers the prevalence of UTIs as a common healthcare concern, focusing on uncomplicated UTIs, acute uncomplicated cystitis, and pyelonephritis. The

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Equine coital exanthema, caused by Equine Herpesvirus 3, is a contagious venereal disease affecting horses globally. It primarily manifests as genital lesions in stallions and mares, transmitted sexually or through contact with contaminated materials. While it is typically self-limiting, it can be p

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Infective endocarditis is an infection of the heart's endocardial surface that can be classified into four groups. It is crucial to recognize common bacteria causing IE, understand clinical presentations, diagnostic methods, and management strategies. The pathophysiology involves turbulent blood flo

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Hypertension, a common yet serious health issue, is explored in detail in this lecture. The etiology, risk factors, and complications of hypertension are discussed, along with the classification into primary, secondary, benign, and malignant hypertension. The lecture also covers causes of secondary

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Rabies is an acute fatal disease affecting humans and warm-blooded animals, characterized by abnormal behavior, nervous disturbances, excessive salivation, and respiratory paralysis. It claims around 55,000 human lives globally, with efforts in rabies control showing marginal success. The etiology o

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Bladder tumours, particularly Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC), are the second most common cancer in the genitourinary system. Mainly caused by factors like cigarette smoking, industrial toxins, and genetic events, bladder cancer presents with symptoms such as hematuria and irritative voiding sympt

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Shock, a condition where blood circulation fails to deliver sufficient oxygen, is a common cause of death in surgical patients. Recognizing shock early is crucial to prevent irreversible tissue damage and organ failure. It is vital to understand the various aspects such as etiology, pathophysiology,

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Acute pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection of the kidney associated with serious complications. This article discusses the definition, risk factors, etiology, and pathogenesis of the condition. It also covers the clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, and prevention strategies for acute py

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The etiology of aging in both biological and inanimate systems explores the concept that aging may not be driven by genetic programming but rather result from stochastic processes. The loss of molecular structure is a key feature of age-related changes. The Second Law of Thermodynamics is suggested

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The Plague, caused by Yersinia pestis, has a chilling history spanning pandemics like the Justinian Plague and the Black Death. Understanding its etiology, family, and pathogenicity is crucial. This deadly disease has had notable outbreaks in India, emphasizing the importance of recognizing its host

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