This module explores common organizational structures, the purpose of organization, factors in organizational design, current trends, and the advantages and disadvantages of various structures. It covers specialization, division of labor, hierarchy of authority, centralization, decentralization, for

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The role of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in India has been a subject of debate, with a push for decentralization in the 1990s. However, challenges exist in the mismatch of capacities and responsibilities, potential for decentralized corruption, and efficiency issues. While some advocate for st

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The civil society sector in Ukraine has seen a significant growth in charitable and public organizations, especially amidst the ongoing war crisis. Efforts are being made to prevent a humanitarian crisis and focus on early recovery and reconstruction. A triangular approach involving the Ukrainian Go

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Insights from international experiences on decentralization policies, focusing on fiscal and political decentralization, with examples from Africa, China, and Latin America. Discusses the limitations of fiscal decentralization and the role of Constituency Development Funds in enhancing accountabilit

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The evolution of administration in India traces back to the earliest monarchial systems in the Vedic period, progressing through texts like Arthshastra and principles of hierarchy. Ancient administrators emphasized decentralization and hierarchical structures. Arthshastra acted as a manual for admin

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The presentation explores the integration of disaster management into subnational planning for achieving sustainable local development through devolution. It emphasizes the importance of decentralization, mainstreaming disaster risk reduction, urban areas' resilience, and financing for disaster reli

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Understanding the dynamics of decentralization is crucial for effective governance. Insights from global research highlight the challenges in fiscal decentralization, the significance of political decentralization, and the limited scope of Constituency Development Funds in enhancing local governance

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Understanding the importance of function assignment (FA) in subnational governance is crucial for effective decentralization. By learning from other countries and adopting a progressive FA framework, subnational governments can better achieve local, national, and sustainable development goals. The p

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Chairman Martin Mahe is leading innovative reforms in the Vanuatu Public Service Commission to improve service delivery. The focus is on a robust legislative framework, clear procedures in the Public Service Staff Manual, rigorous performance management, and policy development for effective decentra

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The research delves into various aspects related to Regional VET Councils, covering topics such as regulatory provisions, membership composition, governance principles, and partnerships with the labor market. It highlights the role of Regional VET Councils in the decentralization process of the VET

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Organization structure is the formal arrangement of relationships within a firm, important for achieving objectives efficiently. It involves elements like job differentiation, integration, authority systems, and flow of information. The formal and informal organizational structures play distinct rol

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The social welfare policy in Pakistan originated in 1955 to address challenges like poverty, lack of education, health issues, inadequate housing, and social maladjustment. Starting with the influx of migrants post-independence in 1947, the policy aimed to establish social services and a welfare sta

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Explore the essence of decentralization and local governance in Nepal, highlighting the process, benefits, and global significance. Understand how these initiatives promote democratization, equity, and effective service delivery while fostering good governance and citizen participation. Discover the

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The study explores the impact of District Development Authorities (DDAs) on Papua New Guinea's decentralized governance system. It focuses on metagovernance issues such as coordination, leadership, and conflict resolution within the decentralized framework. The introduction, approach, and analysis p

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MIT's strategic action plan focuses on improving representation, equity, and engagement across the institution to create an inclusive campus climate where all members feel valued. The plan addresses key priorities such as diversity data collection, equity measures, and promoting a culture of empathy

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Fiscal federalism involves the allocation of responsibilities and resources between central and local governments, addressing key issues such as regulation, incentives for resource transfer, and financial balance. Fiscal decentralization, on the other hand, focuses on transferring taxing and spendin

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State restructuring in Nepal involves the redistribution of power across different tiers of government and the redesign of governance structures to achieve political, economic, social, and administrative transformation. The concept focuses on decentralization, inclusivity, and proportional represent

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The emergence of Web3 has revolutionized various sectors including healthcare, education, blockchain, finance, and more. Blockchain technology has paved the way for decentralization, enhancing privacy and control for users. CZ.OVEN is a decentralized DeFi yield protocol leveraging the stability of B

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Proposal includes establishing a separate workers fund, wage subsidy scheme, social protection nets, universal basic income guarantee, incentives for savings plans, progressive taxation, VAT removal from basic food items, focus on affordable housing, employment services decentralization, reskilling/

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The promulgation of the Constitution in 2010 marked a significant shift in Kenya's administrative structures through devolution. This decentralization process aims to promote social-economic development, provide accessible services to all Kenyans, and ensure equitable sharing of resources between Na

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This project explores the integration of blockchain technology and decentralized finance (De-Fi) in a crowdfunding platform to address the limitations of traditional crowdfunding systems. It discusses the background of crowdfunding, De-Fi, motivations behind the project, methodologies like blockchai

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Delve into the multifaceted realm of governance and political science, tackling issues such as policy analysis, civil society engagement, and the role of public administration in addressing public grievances. Explore topics like decentralization, social welfare, and the impact of globalization on st

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Zimbabwe hosted a vital learning session on viral load clinic laboratory interfaces and the epidemiology of HIV in the country. The session aimed to sensitize participants on the VL CLI, introduce the LARC team, and identify gaps in managing clients on ART with high viral loads. The country context

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Amid the pandemic, Asia, Europe, Africa, and South America experienced fluctuations in engagement levels. However, both Asia and Europe have managed to recover to pre-pandemic levels. South America's engagement remained relatively stable, while Africa saw a dip during the pandemic but has since show

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The presentation delves into the significant shifts in the energy industry towards sustainable sources and decentralization. It explores the emergence of Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) and the aggregation of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) to provide ancillary services, addressing the challenges an

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Indonesia's LRF-Fisheries face challenges from ecological, economic, and social perspectives, with concerns over sustainability due to destructive practices. The management of fisheries has shifted from centralization to decentralization, leading to conflicts over jurisdiction. Despite the lucrative

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OmniLedger is a decentralized ledger using sharding to enhance scalability without compromising security. It addresses challenges such as validator selection, cross-shard transactions, and checkpointing. The proposed solution includes ByzCoinX for consensus and Atomix for atomic commit. Goals includ

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The revenue system of local self-governments in Bulgaria has evolved since the democratic changes in 1990, focusing on decentralization and fiscal autonomy. Key documents and programs have shaped the revenue mechanisms, allowing municipalities to set local fees, introduce debt financing, and gain ta

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Peer-to-peer networks and distributed hash tables have evolved significantly over the years, from the early days of ARPANET to the emergence of decentralized systems like Chord, Kelips, and Dynamo. This evolution has brought about a shift towards greater decentralization, improved scalability, and e

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This text discusses the importance of renewable energy transition in Vermont for economic resilience, focusing on the social, political, and cultural dimensions. It highlights the shift from fossil fuel-based to renewable energy systems and the need for inclusive and distributed energy systems to fa

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This paper explores intergovernmental fiscal relations in South Sudan, focusing on decentralization, taxation, spending, grants, equalization, and transfers to oil-producing states. It discusses the importance of fiscal federalism, the evolution of decentralization in Sudan, and the country's depend

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Today's lecture discussed the integration of BFT into longest-chain protocols, introducing new hybrid consensus models and finality gadgets. By combining HotStuff with PoW, the system aims to achieve fast transaction confirmation while maintaining decentralization and fairness in the committee elect

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Edge computing brings computing closer to the data source, minimizing communication distances between client and server for reduced latency and bandwidth usage. Distributed in device nodes, edge computing optimizes processing in smart devices instead of centralized cloud environments, enhancing data

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Explore methods to extract trust from the blockchain and enhance scalability through Layer 1 and Layer 2 changes, including parameters adjustment, consensus algorithm modifications, sharding, payment networks, and side chains. Learn about payment channels, Bitcoin throughput, and strategies to incre

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Explore the innovative approach of OHIE in simplifying and enhancing blockchain scaling, increasing throughput, ensuring security, and improving decentralization. OHIE's parallel instances of Nakamoto consensus offer significant performance improvements, paving the way for higher transactions per se

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Monitoring the performance of local governments in Nepal involves assessing the existing situation, issues, and efforts towards decentralization. The Minimum Conditions and Performance Measures tool (MCPM) provides a framework for evaluation, highlighting the autonomous decision-making of local bodi

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The article discusses the evolution of youth policy in Spain from the absence of explicit policies during Franco's regime to the promotion of youth participation in political, social, economic, and cultural development as mandated by the Spanish Constitution of 1978. It explores the decentralization

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The presentation discusses the potential of blockchain technology in revolutionizing various industries through its decentralized, secure, and trustless nature. It delves into concepts like distributed ledgers, consensus algorithms, and the implications of public vs. private blockchains. The main ta

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Addressing issues surrounding grants allocation and transparency to enhance local government finance. Efforts include implementing fiscal decentralization architecture, reviewing grants allocation formulae, and prioritizing sustainable financing for local governments.

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This lecture delves into the dynamics of centralization and decentralization in subnational politics, exploring the benefits of each system, differences between federal and unitary government structures, challenges in reconciling territorial differences, reasons for the increasing popularity of cent

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