This study estimates the burden of serious fungal infections in Indonesia, a country with rich biodiversity and limited medical mycology facilities. The data indicates a high prevalence of opportunistic infections in AIDS patients and TB cases, with Candidiasis and Cryptococcosis being significant c

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Fungal microorganisms, including yeast and mold, play crucial roles in the human body's ecosystem. They can be both beneficial and harmful, influencing conditions like candidiasis and mycoses. Learn about the diverse forms and functions of eukaryotic organisms, their morphology, and the transition b

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Superficial fungal infections of the skin are categorized into superficial, cutaneous, and subcutaneous types. Superficial mycoses affect the stratum corneum and include conditions like tinea versicolor, tinea nigra, and piedra. Tinea versicolor is a chronic infection caused by Malassezia furfur, wh

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Systemic mycoses are fungal infections caused by dimorphic fungi such as Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, and Cryptococcus neoformans. Histoplasmosis is transmitted through inhalation of spores from soil or bat-infested caves, presenting with tuberculate macroconidia and microconidi

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Explore the cutaneous manifestations of systemic diseases, particularly focusing on endocrine disorders like diabetes mellitus. Learn about the dermatologic signs associated with conditions such as hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, Addison's disease, and Cushing syndrome. Discover specific manifestat

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Swine Erysipelas, caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, is a significant disease in pigs, characterized by cutaneous erythema, diamond-shaped lesions, septicemia, and arthritis. The infection is primarily transmitted through contaminated feed, water, or skin abrasions. Clinical findings include su

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Explore the world of fungi and fungal infections in this foundation block of microbiology. Learn about medically important yeasts, mold fungi, major fungal diseases, antifungal agents, and infection acquisition methods. Dive into hypersensitivity reactions, mycotoxicoses, and various types of fungal

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Healing or repair by connective tissue occurs in response to severe or chronic tissue injuries, leading to the replacement of nonregenerated cells with connective tissue or scar formation. This process involves the induction of fibroblast and endothelial cell proliferation, granulation tissue format

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Systemic sclerosis (SScl) is an autoimmune disorder affecting connective tissue, leading to fibrosis in the skin, internal organs, and vasculature. It is characterized by Raynaud's phenomenon, digital ischemia, sclerodactyly, and cardiac, lung, gut, and renal involvement. Peak onset is in the fourth

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Glanders, also known as Farcy, Equinia, or Malleus, is a contagious disease affecting horses, mules, and donkeys. It is caused by the bacteria Pseudomonas mallei and can be transmitted through direct contact or inhalation. The disease manifests with nodules or ulcers in the respiratory tract and on

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Cutaneous circulation plays a vital role in supplying blood to the skin, with variations in apical and non-apical regions of the body. The blood flow is regulated by neural, thermal, and metabolic factors, and controlled by sympathetic fibers. Sympathetic vasoconstriction and vasodilation affect the

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Cutaneous tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its manifestations depend on the host's immunity, route of entry, and bacterial load. It is classified into exogeneous and endogenous sources, with various types such as tuberculides and tuberculous chancre. Clinical features include

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In the laboratory diagnosis of fungal infections, proper collection and transportation of specimens are crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Different sites and types of specimens require specific collection techniques to avoid contamination and ensure viability. From superficial to systemi

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Explore the field of medical mycology through lecture slides by AL-HEDAITHY covering various topics such as basic mycology, superficial mycoses, primary systemic mycoses, fungal structures, and reproduction in fungi. Dive into details about different fungal infections, their characteristics, forms o

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a lentivirus that infects CD4 T lymphocytes, leading to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Cutaneous manifestations of HIV/AIDS vary depending on the stage of infection and CD4 T cell counts. Early signs include exanthem, oral hairy leukoplakia, candidia

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A unique approach utilizing a custom map creator to visually represent cutaneous diseases based on body area involvement percentage. The process involves manual tracing of body areas on custom maps created efficiently to provide a color-coordinated heatmap presentation. This method, developed at The

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Humans and frogs share many similarities in their organ systems such as lungs, digestive, circulatory, skeletal, and muscular systems. However, there are also significant differences in body configuration, respiratory system, skeletal structure, and reproductive system. Frogs have unique features li

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Hemoflagellates are blood and tissue parasites belonging to the genera Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma spp. This article discusses their life cycle, pathogenicity, diseases they cause like visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, and diagnostic methods. Special focus is given to Leishmania donovani and

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Leishmaniasis, caused by obligate intracellular parasites transmitted through infected sandfly bites, has different forms including cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral. The life cycle involves promastigote and amastigote stages. Epidemiologically, it is a zoonosis with natural reservoirs and can

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Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by Leishmania parasites transmitted through infected sand flies. It comes in three forms - cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral - each with distinct characteristics and treatment approaches. Cutaneous leishmaniasis causes skin ulcers, mucocutaneous affec

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Discover the three main forms of Leishmaniassis caused by different species, the clinical types of cutaneous leishmaniasis, and the life cycle of Leishmania parasites. Learn about the transmission, manifestations, and types of this disease, including cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis.

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Dermal lesions caused by Leishmania donovani complex are rare in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Viscerotropic parasites can cause severe infections, while cutaneous infections are mainly caused by Leishmaniatropica and major complexes. Host immune reactions to different strains of Leishmania have

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The human lungs play a vital role in the efficient exchange of gases to provide oxygen for cellular growth and remove waste gases. Unlike some organisms that can use cutaneous respiration, humans rely on their lungs, which work in harmony with the cardiovascular system. Through a complex process inv

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Dr. Mohammed Hussein provides a detailed exploration of the anatomy of the thigh, covering regional anatomy, connections, compartments, and cutaneous nerves. The discussion delves into the front and medial aspects of the thigh, offering valuable insights for medical professionals and enthusiasts ali

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This informative text covers the morphology, life cycle, and common genera of Strongyloidea parasites, including Ancylostoma caninum and Bunostomum sp. It also discusses the occurrence of cutaneous larva migrans and details the Superfamily Trichostrongyloidea. Profound insights into practical parasi

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Zoonotic diseases, caused by fungi, have the potential to affect both animals and humans and are often transmitted through various environmental factors. These diseases can lead to a range of conditions affecting different organs and structures of the body. Mycoses, such as superficial and systemic

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This research focuses on developing a multi-class skin lesion segmentation method specifically for Cutaneous T-cell Lymphomas using high-resolution clinical images. The study introduces a new dataset, a novel method called Multi-Knowledge Learning Network (MKLN), and achieves state-of-the-art result

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Explore the differentiation between types of purpura, inflammatory and non-inflammatory distinctions, diagnosis of purpuric lesions, serious vs. non-serious conditions, causes of purpura, and an overview of vasculitis including its manifestations in large, medium, and small vessels with a focus on c

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Papillomatosis, also known as warts, is a benign proliferative tumor affecting cutaneous and mucosal epithelia in cattle. It is caused by Papovavirus or Papillomvirus, with different subgroups affecting various body parts. The disease is self-limiting and primarily spreads through direct contact. Wh

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This content delves into the changes in staging guidelines for head and neck malignancies as per the 8th edition of the AJCC/UICC criteria. It explores the modifications in staging for oropharynx cancer, neck metastatic disease, oral cavity depth of invasion, and cutaneous malignancies. The presenta

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