HER2 activation plays a crucial role in promoting tumor proliferation and survival in NSCLC. Driven by oncogenic downstream signaling pathways, HER2 overexpression and gene amplification lead to the formation of heterodimers and activation of key signaling cascades. Additionally, HER2 mutations are

0 views • 36 slides

This slideshow provides an overview of tumor classification, nomenclature, and key concepts in pathology. It covers the definitions of neoplasm, tumor, and oncology, the classification of tumors into benign and malignant categories, as well as the importance of stroma in tumor behavior. It also expl

2 views • 61 slides

Viruses interact with host cells in various ways, encoding genes that manipulate cell functions for their benefit. These interactions can range from benign to lethal outcomes. Factors influencing these interactions include viral factors, cellular responses, and the presence of virulence factors. Dif

0 views • 37 slides

Despite frequently being benign, uterine endometrial polyps can have a serious influence on a woman\u2019s general health and her ability to conceive. These minute tissue developments in the uterine coating can cause a large number of side effects and results. Endometrial polyps, though usually non-

0 views • 8 slides

Neonatal jaundice, a common condition in newborns, results from elevated bilirubin levels. While often benign, high levels can lead to complications like kernicterus. Recognizing risk factors, limitations of clinical assessment, and appropriate evaluation and treatment are crucial in managing neonat

1 views • 48 slides

Discover the best spine tumor treatment at Medspine, the leading hospital with top surgeon and specialist in Medavakkam, Perumbakkam, Royapettah, Chennai.

3 views • 2 slides

brain tumor is an abnormal growth of cells in the brain. Tumors can be either cancerous (malignant) or non-cancerous (benign). Cancerous tumors grow and spread aggressively, potentially invading nearby tissues and spreading to other parts of the body, while non-cancerous tumors are usually less aggr

0 views • 5 slides

Testicular tumors are predominantly malignant, with germ cell tumors being the most common type. This article delves into the classification of testicular tumors, including primary and secondary, benign and malignant, germ cell, and non-germ cell tumors. Clinical findings such as painless enlargemen

3 views • 31 slides

Grading and staging are crucial in determining the aggressiveness and extent of malignant tumors. Grading involves assessing the level of malignancy based on cell differentiation and mitotic activity, while staging considers the size of the tumor, lymph node involvement, and presence of metastases.

7 views • 31 slides

Lipomas are common benign tumors that often present as small, painless, subcutaneous masses. This summary provides insights into the clinical features of lipomas, including their typical characteristics and management recommendations. It emphasizes the importance of reassurance, observation, and app

3 views • 10 slides

Benign breast conditions can manifest in various ways, including pain, palpable masses, and nipple discharge. Familiarity with common inflammatory conditions like mastitis and abscesses, as well as understanding fibrocystic changes and benign tumors such as fibroadenoma, is crucial. Mammographic scr

0 views • 15 slides

This case involves a 2-month-old female with Tetralogy of Fallot, carrying a genetic variation in the 19p13.11 region. The evaluation process includes assessing genes, known dosage sensitivity, gene count, and detailed analysis of the duplication found in the DGV Gold Standard Dataset. The frequency

0 views • 17 slides

This trial aims to compare the efficacy and safety of molecularly-guided therapy or cancer immunotherapy based on genomic profiling with platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with cancer of unknown primary site. The study design includes multiple treatment regimens guided by genomic profiles, with

4 views • 9 slides

WAGR syndrome is a rare genetic condition associated with Wilms Tumor, aniridia, and developmental delays. Wilms Tumor is a form of kidney cancer mostly affecting children and is linked to genetic disorders like WAGR syndrome. The risk of Wilms Tumor is higher in children with WAGR syndrome, with po

1 views • 14 slides

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique focusing on metabolic differences in the body. By using positron-emitting radioisotopes, PET can detect how molecules are taken up by healthy and cancerous cells, aiding in accurate tumor localization with lower doses. The evolution o

0 views • 6 slides

This comprehensive guide covers the diagnosis and management of parotid tumors, including anatomy, differential diagnosis, and management strategies. It discusses the approach to evaluating patients with neck lumps, differential diagnoses to consider, and the management techniques for both benign an

0 views • 20 slides

Research collaboration aimed to enhance locoregional tumor control and reduce distant failure by combining charged particles irradiation and anticancer drug Epothilone B in cultured human tumor cells from Milano and Roma. The study explores the impact on clonogenic survival, growth curves, and deter

0 views • 13 slides

Understanding the natural history, evaluation, and management of benign liver lesions is crucial for diagnosing incidental liver findings. Common benign liver lesions include hepatic hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatic adenoma, and hepatic cyst. Differential diagnosis plays a key role in

0 views • 37 slides

The Gamma Knife Stereotactic Radiosurgery is a precise and effective treatment method where highly focused radiation beams are used to target tumors and abnormalities in the brain. It does not remove the tumor directly but affects DNA, cell growth, and blood vessels. The procedure involves three mai

0 views • 51 slides

NCI-MATCH is a groundbreaking clinical trial aiming to match tumor gene alterations with targeted therapies. The interim analysis results revealed impressive patient enrollment and site participation exceeding expectations. Despite challenges with pausing new patient registrations for the analysis,

0 views • 26 slides

This study by Shyamala Maherswaran, Ph.D., and team focuses on characterizing mutations in EGFR in circulating tumor cells using SARMS assay and CTC-chip. The research investigates the effectiveness of these non-invasive methods in analyzing tumors and explores the role of the T790M mutation in resp

0 views • 12 slides

This collection of supplementary figures provides detailed flow cytometry data on immune cell populations, including CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and more. The figures also include information on immune checkpoint molecules like PD-L1 and TIGIT. Each figure presents spec

0 views • 4 slides

Vestibular schwannoma, also known as acoustic neuroma, is a common tumor in the cerebellopontine angle. It can be sporadic or associated with neurofibromatosis type 2. Patients typically present with hearing loss and tinnitus, which may be gradual or sudden. Grading systems like Koos, Ojemann, and J

0 views • 75 slides

Neoplasia encompasses abnormal tissue growth that can be benign or malignant. This article explores neoplastic terms, tumor classifications, cancer staging, and genetic factors in cancer development. Gain insights into the characteristics of benign tumors, the biology of cancer including carcinogene

0 views • 29 slides

Neoplasia, or new growth, is characterized by uncoordinated growth exceeding that of normal tissues, persistent growth independent of stimuli, loss of responsiveness to growth controls, and local expansion regardless of host environment. Tumors are classified into benign and malignant categories in

0 views • 36 slides

Canine mammary neoplasms, including benign adenomas and malignant carcinomas, are common in intact female dogs. This article discusses the clinical signs, diagnosis methods like FNAC and biopsy, WHO clinical staging system, and the importance of palpating regional lymph nodes for prognosis assessmen

0 views • 15 slides

Understanding the classification of tumors is crucial in the field of pathology. This detailed overview covers the definitions of neoplasia and tumors, the differentiation between benign and malignant tumors, nomenclature, and characteristics of various tumor types. It discusses the behaviors of ben

1 views • 34 slides

Pathologist Saeed Samie discusses feelings of safety and satisfaction when reporting thyroid FNA results, emphasizing certainty in malignant lesions over benign ones. Reduction of unnecessary surgical interventions and the importance of uniform categorization for clinical decision-making and guideli

0 views • 9 slides

Opportunities and strategies to engage trainees in benign hematology education, focusing on the importance of early exposure, clinical experiences, and fostering engagement with benign hematologists. Discusses challenges in the field and the benefits of double boarding in hematology and oncology.

0 views • 20 slides

Fibroadenomas are common benign breast tumors, with unknown pathogenesis but linked to hormonal factors. They typically present as painless, movable masses and are often diagnosed through ultrasound or mammogram. Management involves monitoring or surgical excision based on size, growth rate, patient

0 views • 48 slides

This tutorial, prepared by the International Working Group for TIL in breast cancer, provides guidelines for pathologists on the standardized evaluation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer based on H&E slides of core biopsies or tumor resections. It details steps such as defini

0 views • 14 slides

Craniopharyngioma is a complex intracranial tumor with a rich historical background dating back to the early 20th century. Initially described by McLean, Frazier, Alpes, and famously studied by Cushing, this tumor continues to be a subject of debate and controversy in terms of treatment approaches a

0 views • 76 slides

This study explores the problem of finding the largest area axis-aligned B-empty rectangle containing n red points and m blue points. The research discusses various extensions to the original problem, such as the Blue Rectangles problem and the Outliers Problem, aiming to achieve efficient solutions

0 views • 20 slides

Neoplasia refers to abnormal tissue growth surpassing normal growth, persisting excessively even after the initial stimulus. Odontogenic tumors are classified by the WHO in 1992 into benign and malignant categories, with various subtypes described. Ameloblastoma is a true neoplasm of enamel organ ti

0 views • 7 slides

Salivary gland diseases, including tumors, can affect both major and minor glands. These tumors may be benign or malignant, with common benign tumors like pleomorphic adenoma. Clinical features of salivary gland tumors vary, with slow-growing benign tumors being more common. Pleomorphic adenoma is p

0 views • 27 slides

Cancer's complex evolution introduces challenges in treatment response. B-SCITE aims to enhance tumor phylogeny inference by integrating bulk sequencing and single-cell data using a probabilistic approach. It addresses the complexity of tumor cell populations and potential treatment failure causes.

0 views • 20 slides

Explore the spectrum of renal tumors, from benign papillary adenomas and oncocytomas to malignant renal cell carcinomas like clear cell carcinoma. Images and descriptions showcase the gross pathology and histopathology of these tumors. Learn about the features and prognosis of different renal tumor

0 views • 31 slides

Learn about the eligibility requirements for sitting for the Certified Tumor Registrar (CTR) examination, which include formal education and experience. Discover the different paths to meeting the eligibility criteria, such as obtaining an Associate's Degree in Cancer Registry Management or gaining

0 views • 11 slides

Papillomatosis, also known as warts, is a benign proliferative tumor affecting cutaneous and mucosal epithelia in cattle. It is caused by Papovavirus or Papillomvirus, with different subgroups affecting various body parts. The disease is self-limiting and primarily spreads through direct contact. Wh

0 views • 21 slides

Cr(VI)-induced mutagenesis is a key event in the mode of action for small intestinal tumors in mice, with the question of whether it is an essential step in tumor development. The interaction of cellular components with Cr leads to cell proliferation, hyperplasia, and ultimately mutagenesis. Differe

0 views • 4 slides