US Belle II Project Technical Elements by David Asner at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

The US Belle II Project involves delivering key systems to KEK KLM, including iTOP and readout systems. WBS 1.02 managed by Jim Fast focuses on iTOP optics specifications, procurement, and acceptance tests. Material selection uses Corning 7980 fused quartz silica, meeting specific parameters. All optical components are produced from this material, ensuring reliability and performance for the project.

• US Belle II Project
• Technical Elements
• David Asner
• Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
• iTOP Optics

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1. US Belle II Project Technical Elements David Asner Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

2. US Belle II project scope: delivering key systems to KEK KLM (WBS 1.04, readout WBS 1.03) iTOP (WBS 1.02, readout WBS 1.03) US Belle II Project 1.01 Project Integration and Support 1.02 iTOP Optics 1.03 Readout Systems 1.04 KLM Systems Commissioning Detector (WBS 1.05) 1.05 Readout Systems (WBS 1.03) to record signals from WBS 1.02 and 1.04 components Commissioning Detectors 19-20 March 2014 US Belle II Independent Project Review 2

3. WBS 1.02: iTOP Optics Level 2 Manager: Jim Fast

4. WBS 1.02: iTOP Optics Specifications, procurement, and acceptance test iTOP quartz optics Beam tests, cosmic ray tests, and simulations to validate iTOP counter performance Development of software tools for analysis of iTOP counter data 19-20 March 2014 US Belle II Independent Project Review 4

5. Material Selection Corning 7980 fused quartz silica Selected prior to CD-1 as material for all iTOP optical components Material developed for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) program Readily available and economical material meeting specifications Version 1.1, January 28, 2012 Parameter Nom inal value J ustification, reference Study complete? Worker/ M C to complete M aterial: grade inclusion class homogeneity Corning 7980 0 < F (< 5 ppm) > 1 MRad 1 1012n/ cm2 ISO 10110-4 (5/ thickness dir.) cost; availability cost; availability yes yes Koga 12/ 17/ 10 (PID) Koga 5/ 13/ 11 (PID); 1/ 27/ 12 radiation hardness yes straia Corning specification Schwartz 10/ 25/ 11 Fast 10/ 21/ 11 (spreadsheet) Inami 10/ 20/ 11 bifringence 1 nm/ cm yes Bar dimensions: length width thickness Bar optical specs: flatness S1,S2,S3,S4 flatness S5,S6 parallelism S1,S2 perpendicularity S3,S4 (relative to S1) perpendicularity S5,S6 (relative to S1) parallelism S3,S4 roughness S1,S2,S3,S4 roughness S5,S6 125 0.05 cm 45.0 0.015 cm 2.0 0.01 cm Zygo cutting limit QBB spacing Schwartz 8/ 11 (B2 EB) yes no yes 19-20 March 2014 US Belle II Independent Project Review 5 < 6.3 m (< 10 ) < 25 m (< 40 ) < 5 arcsec Zygo cost driver Zygo cost driver Schwartz 8/ 4/ 11 (memo) Gocha < 60 arcsec Gocha < 20 arcsec thickness of epoxy joint < 120 arcsec < 5 angs. rms < 25 angs. rms < 10/ m edge length total area < 5 mm2 < 0.200 mm Schwartz 8/ 4/ 11 (memo) Zygo cost driver Zygo cost driver Schwartz 8/ 12/ 11 Fast 8/ 4/ 11 Zygo limit, Mori 2/ 5/ 10 (PID) chip allowance yes Gocha chamfer M irror: yes Gocha Inami 7/ 11/ 11 Nagoya (PID) Liu 11/ 17/ 11 (B2GM) Staric 11/ 17/ 11 (B2GM) Inami 10/ 6, 9/ 22/ 11 (PID) Liu 11/ 17/ 11 (B2GM) focal length 5.0 m no Liu+ 8.0 tilt angle no Liu+ P rism: Liu 11/ 17/ 11 (B2GM) Staric 4/ 9/ 10 (PID) Nishimura 4/ 9/ 10 (PID) depth 10.0 cm no Liu+ M isc: NORLAND NOA-63 EPOTEK 301-2 55 m used for beamtest used by BaBar Schwartz 8/ 4/ 11 (memo) epoxy type no Matt epoxy thickness Matt

6. Optical Components All optical components produced from Corning 7980 Fused Quartz Silica Bar/mirror width 450 mm Spherical Mirror Quartz bars (2) Expansion prism (wedge) Prism length 100 mm Length 2600 mm 2x1250mm+100mm MCP-PMTs Thickness 20mm Prism width 456 mm MCPPMT width 444 mm Prism height 51mm 19-20 March 2014 US Belle II Independent Project Review 6

7. Science Driven Specifications determined with Monte Carlo Determined optical specifications and evaluated robustness of iTOP performance as geometric parameters are varied beyond specifications Many variations studied In general, the iTOP performance is tolerant of imperfect ogeometries Library of results to evaluate science impact of out of tolerance optics 19-20 March 2014 US Belle II Independent Project Review 7

8. Quality Assurance Zygo prisms ITT Zygo bars Aperture bars mirrors Acceptance testing @KEK Acceptance testing @Cincinnati 19-20 March 2014 US Belle II Independent Project Review 8

9. Summary of Quartz Prototypes AOS/OOW 4 bars ordered One completed vendor inspection December 5, 2013 Meets specifications except thickness (19.87 mm) Other three scheduled for completion by April 2014 Zygo Bars 5 bars ordered First bar delivered to KEK meets all specifications Second bar shipped on March 6, 2014 Next two bars scheduled for completion end of March Fifth bar schedule for completion in April 2014 ITT Mirrors 5 ordered (4 with new specifications) First meets specifications, different than final specifications Three complete. Two slightly outside of specification Fifth lost earlier in fabrication, replacement 26 weeks out Zygo Prisms 4 ordered All completed in Dec 2013 and meet all specifications 19-20 March 2014 US Belle II Independent Project Review 9

10. WBS 1.02: Summary Optics specifications have been established Vendors (Zygo and ITT) proven to be able to produce optics to specification with desired production rates Integration of optics into full system recently reviewed by the Belle PAC which recommended that the purchase of the quartz bars should proceed as soon as possible. 19-20 March 2014 US Belle II Independent Project Review 10

11. WBS 1.03: Readout Systems Level 2 Manager: Gary Varner (Hawaii)

12. Readout Systems Design, fabrication, testing, delivery to KEK, and acceptance testing of the readout systems for the iTOP (WBS 1.02) & KLM (WBS 1.04) detector systems Block diagram of the Belle II Trigger and DAQ system 19-20 March 2014 US Belle II Independent Project Review 12

13. iTOP Electronics Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) designed at U. Hawaii Custom printed circuit boards that carry ASICs and amplifiers Processor boards with FPGAs to control the ASICS and process the data from the ASICS 16 ASICs per board stack Four board stacks per iTOP module Processor board with FPGA 19-20 March 2014 US Belle II Independent Project Review 13

14. iTOP Electronics Requirements Single photo electron timing resolution 62ps Requirement: <100ps demonstrated in full system beam test Bench tests (above) have reached 62ps <50ps (higher gain amplifiers) in final design 19-20 March 2014 US Belle II Independent Project Review 14

15. KLM Electronics Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) designed at U. Hawaii Several ASIC carrier boards on 9U VME KLM sub- detector readout module Processor boards with FPGAs to control the ASICS Signal and HV distribution board ASIC on carrier board KLM readout module connected to Signal & HV distribution board 19-20 March 2014 US Belle II Independent Project Review 15

16. WBS 1.03 Summary Required performance of iTOP and KLM readout systems achieved in beam and bench tests Final ASIC and readout electronics add performan ce margin and improved electro mechanical robustness Final ASIC designs are in fabrication 19-20 March 2014 US Belle II Independent Project Review 16

17. WBS 1.04: KLM Systems Level 2 Manager: Leo Piilonen (Virginia Tech)

18. KLM Systems Design, fabricate, deliver to KEK and test the barrel KLM scintillator readout modules for layers 0 and 1 Specify, procure, implement and commission the high voltage power supplies for the barrel and endcap KLM scintillator modules. 19-20 March 2014 US Belle II Independent Project Review 18

19. KL and muon detector 19-20 March 2014 US Belle II Independent Project Review 19

20. WBS 1.04 Completed: Oct 2013 Deliver at least 32 detector modules that each meet or exceed the threshold criteria of at least 80% efficiency for cosmic rays, averaged over all strips in module (actual: 94%) 15+ MPPC pixels fired for cosmic rays passing through far (mirrored) end of each scint strip (actual: ~30+ pixels) timing resolution of at least 10 ns (actual: ~6 ns) geometric coverage of active area: 92% in z-view, 95% in phi-view, 92% in overlap (actual: 95 96%) 36 qualified modules delivered 19-20 March 2014 US Belle II Independent Project Review 20

21. WBS 1.05: Commissioning Detectors Level 2 Manager: Sven Vahsen (Hawaii)

22. Commissioning Detectors Purpose: to characterize beam-induced backgrounds from new accelerator prior to Belle II detector roll-in Measurement of instantaneous and integrated radiation 64 PIN diodes system Sensitivity to synchrotron light shield half of PIN diodes with gold paint Directional detection of fast neutrons 8 micro-Time Projection Chambers Rigid, non-magnetic mechanical support for all sub-detectors Pre-production prototypes of both the PIN diode system and micro-Time Projection Chambers have met or exceeded all Key Performance Parameters 19-20 March 2014 US Belle II Independent Project Review 22

23. Commissioning Phases Phase 1 SuperKEKB Commissioning Plan: Phase I (Jan 2015): w/o final focus magnets, No Belle Detector Phase II (Feb 2016): with final focus magnets & Belle w/o Si Detector Phase 2 19-20 March 2014 US Belle II Independent Project Review 23

24. micro-Time Projector Chambers Final DAQ board Field cage assembly Partially assembled prototype Vacuum vessel 19-20 March 2014 US Belle II Independent Project Review 24

25. Project Ready for CD-2/3 WBS 1.02: iTOP Optics Optics specifications have been established Vendors (Zygo and ITT) proven to be able to produce optics to specification with desired production rates Ready to start optics production WBS 1.03: Readout Systems Required performance achieved in beam and bench tests Final ASIC and readout electronics add performance margin Final ASIC designs in fabrication WBS 1.04: KLM Systems Scope completed October 2013 WBS 1.05: Commissioning Detectors Performance demonstrated with prototype systems 19-20 March 2014 US Belle II Independent Project Review 25