Addressing North Korea's Cooperative Threat Reduction Challenges

North Korea is preparing to cooperate in threat reduction efforts through various mechanisms such as value of the CTR approach, shovel-ready projects, previous CTR models, and scientific engagement initiatives. Challenges include political and security climate, collaboration with allies and rivals, lack of good data, sustainability and funding, and balancing CTR efforts with denuclearization goals.

• North Korea
• Cooperative Threat Reduction
• CTR
• Challenges
• Scientific Engagement

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1. NORTH KOREA COOPERATIVE THREAT REDUCTION Preparing to Cooperate

2. DPRK CTR Value of the CTR Approach Successful CTR Models Potential Shovel Ready Projects Mechanisms Challenges

3. VALUE OF THE CTR APPROACH Act Fast Before Weapons End Up in the Wrong Hands Calm Chinese Concerns of Nuclear Armed Unified Korea Prevent Brain Drain Build Trust for When You Need It You Often Get Good Science Out of It!

4. PREVIOUS CTR MODELS Iraqi Former Weapon Scientists U.S.- Russia CTR Libya and Syria CW

5. CRDF GLOBAL U.S.-DPRK SCIENTIFIC ENGAGEMENT CONSORTIUM Started in 2007 Collaboration with AAAS, Syracuse University, and the Pacific Century Institute Science engagement goals English language training Virtual Science Libraries Joint visits to Pyongyang and Atlanta Consortium discusses training initiative with DPRK State Academy of Sciences

6. SHOVEL READY PROJECTS Scientist Redirection Nuclear Programs Delivery Systems

7. SHOVEL READY PROJECTS Conventional Weapons Chem and Bio Programs Civilian Population

8. MECHANISMS Establish Unified Korean Science Center (in South Korea) International Science and Technology Center (ISTC) Model Helps with Possible Redirection of Scientists Trust Building Results in Good Science Expanded Authorities through Congress Ability for State and other Agencies to Work More in DPRK CTR Expertise on Capitol Hill Nonproliferation Disarmament Fund Authority and Experience Working in DPRK

9. CHALLENGES Political and Security Climate Collaboration with U.S. Allies and Rivals Lack of Good Data Sustainability and Funding CTR vs. Denuclearization (Can You Have One Without the Other?) Avoid Helping DPRK to Advance WMD Programs

10. CTR may seem unlikely now, but it is best to be prepared There is work that can be started today CONCLUSION Think through the challenges We need more than just contingency planning

11. THANK YOU Timothy Westmyer Associate Project Manager, Nuclear Security CRDF Global Arlington, VA twestmyer@crdfglobal.org