Overview of Vehicle Communication Standards and Organizations in Automotive Industry

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Explore the landscape of vehicle communication standards and organizations in the automotive industry, including insightful details on AASHTO Subcommittee on Maintenance Vehicle Communication Standards, NEXIQ Technologies, International Standards Organization (ISO), Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), and Technology Maintenance Council. Learn about the types of ECU data, ECU communication standards for different vehicle types, and the role of various standard-setting bodies in ensuring efficiency and compatibility in vehicle maintenance and diagnostics.

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AASHTO Subcommittee on Maintenance Vehicle Communication Standards, Issues, & Potential Solutions July 19, 2011

NEXIQ Technologies NEXIQ - a brand of Snap-on, Inc. Focused on vehicle diagnostics 30+ years. Active in vehicle communication standards. Technology Maintenance Council (TMC) Co-Authored original Recommended Practice (RP1210A, B) Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Participate in various standards subgroups www.nexiq.com 2

Standards Organizations International Standards Organization (ISO) Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Technology Maintenance Council (TMC) 3

Standards Organizations International Standards Organization Focused on International standards of all types Global & societal in scope Non-governmental 160 member countries All aspects of all industries Ex: Automotive ISO14230, ISO15765, etc. www.iso.org 4

Standards Organizations Society of Automotive Engineers Focused on global automotive industry Autos, trucks, construction, agricultural, aircraft, etc. Anything that has an engine and moves Develops standards of all types for design, production, and maintenance of vehicles J1708, J1939, J1850, J2534 etc. www.sae.org 5

Standards Organizations Technology Maintenance Council Working sub-unit of American Trucking Association (ATA) Focused on U.S. heavy duty truck industry Develops recommended practices (RP) for HD truck design, production, and maintenance RP1210 Recommended Practice defining a Windows Application Programming Interface (API) for vehicle communications www.truckline.com 6

Types of ECU Data Public Data accessible by anyone Primarily government mandated data US = Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Proprietary Data accessible only by those authorized by an OEM Ex: OEM franchised dealer 7

Different ECU Communication Standards Automotive Cars and light/medium duty trucks Heavy duty truck Class 6-8 Long-haul, over-the-road and vocational vehicles Off road Construction, industrial equipment Back hoe, loaders, gen sets 8

ECU Communication Standards Automotive On-Board Diagnostics (OBD-II) SAE J1850 Variable Pulse Width (VPW-GM/Chrysler) J1850 Pulse Width Modulation (PWM-Ford) J2534 EPA mandated for reflash, but, expanded for data ISO ISO 9141 K-Line Interface physical layer ISO 14230 Keyword over K-Line message protocol ISO 11898-1 CAN Interface physical layer ISO 15765 Keyword over CAN message protocol 9

ECU Communication Standards Heavy Duty Truck SAE J1708 J1939 (CAN) OBD in 2013 Different than automotive ISO standards on European import engines EX: DAF engine in a Peterbilt 10

ECU Communication Standards Construction Equipment & Industrial Applications Generally follow HD standards, but Most are implemented with proprietary twists Most are unique to each OEM Some OEMs follow no standards Implement their own software and hardware interfaces 11

ECU Communication Standards In its most basic form, there are: Hardware standards USB, WiFi, Bluetooth Software standards to talk to the hardware Drivers for each hardware type Software standards to request/receive data Public vs. proprietary OEM specific Protocol is same, messaging is different ECU & model year specific 12

Example of HD Truck Communication PC or Telematic Device Vehicle Vehicle Comm Interface Hardware USB, WiFi, BT 1708, 1939, KW, VPW, PWM ECU Application Communication manager Device drivers RP1210, 2534 Device drivers Communication drivers USB, Bluetooth, WiFi Hardware Application Hardware Device drivers Device drivers Hardware Hardware 13

Interface, Communication Trends Older specs going away J1708, J1850, ISO9141 New specs evolving J1939 CAN (single and/or dual channel) for HD ISO15765 for automotive New, high-level layer diagnostic call spec ISO 14229 Universal Diagnostic Services (UDS) Common calls across lower level protocols 14

Telematics Challenges Data accessibility Public versus proprietary Different ECU communication standards across mixed vehicle fleet No consistency, highly complicated and mixed communication Vehicle brand, ECU type, Data type, Model year, Mixed standards Installation is not standard No standard connectors for telematics installation Must break into OEM wiring causing own set of issues Ex: J1939 - # of devices and cable length considerations 15

Possible Solutions for Telematics Telematics industry standards for APIs Vehicle manufacturer provide standard connector for telematics installation Industry standards groups settle on common data set What data parameters What format Frequency of transmission Etc. 16

Possible Solutions for Telematics AASHTO and TMC partner in joint standards committees. EX: TMC has work group developing standard for telematics connector provision 17