Understanding Automotive Knowledge Model (AKM) for Automobiles
Automotive Knowledge Model (AKM) is an expressive and extensible vocabulary and data model that provides semantics and standards-based signals, metrics, DIDs, and DTCs for automobiles. This model includes sample signals like HVAC station temperature settings and features a comprehensive data structure for automotive information management.
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Automotive Knowledge Model (AKM)
Alan Freedman Principal Data Architect Ford Motor Company afreedm2@ford.com
Mohit Yadav Software Engineer Ford Motor Company myadav5@ford.com
An expressive and extensible An expressive and extensible An expressive and extensible An expressive and extensible AKM semantics and standards-based semantics and standards-based semantics and standards-based semantics and standards-based vocabulary and data model vocabulary and data model vocabulary and data model vocabulary and data model for automobiles for automobiles for automobiles for automobiles
AKM Version 1.0 Signals - Metrics Version 2.0 Signals - DIDs Version 3.0 Signals - DTCs Version 4.0 ?
{ Sample Signal "id": "HVACStation.Row1.Driver.AmbientAirTemperature", "name": "HVAC Station Row1 Driver Air Temperature", "definition": The air temperature setting serving row 1 driver side", "entityTypeID": "Metric", "property": { referentEntityTypeID": "Property", "referentID": "AmbientAirTemperature" }, "featureOfInterest": { " referentEntityTypeID": "FeatureOfInterest", "referentID": "HVACStation.Row1.Driver" }, "representations": [ { "entityTypeID": "Representation", "schema": "VehicleSignalSpecification", "id": "Vehicle.Cabin.HVAC.Station.Row1.Driver.Temperature", "xsdDataType": "float", "unit": "degree_celsius" }, { "entityTypeID": "Representation", "schema": "CANBus", "id": "DrvrVntTmp", "xsdDataType": "short", "unit": "degree_celsius" } ] }
{ "Metric": { "$id": "akm.Metric", "description": "A particular property of a particular feature of interest", "type": "object", "allOf": [ { "$ref": "akm.Entity" }, { "$ref": "akm.extension.Metric" } ], "properties": { "entityTypeID": { "type": "string", "description": "A classfication of objects that share semantics, structure, and often behavior", "const": "Metric" }, "property": { "type": "object", "$ref": "akm.Reference", "description": "A reference to the quality or quantity that describes a feature of interest. Set entityTypeID to Property" }, "featureOfInterest": { "type": "object", "$ref": "akm.Reference", "description": "A reference to the thing whose property is being observed or manipulated. Set entityTypeID to FeatureOfInterest" } } } } Sample Spec
Expressive and Extensible AKM Data Model
Requirements - Expressive An expressive and extensible semantics and standards-based vocabulary and data model for automobiles An expressive and extensible semantics and standards-based vocabulary and data model for automobiles Signal Schema Feature of Interest Property Metric part of is a Unit Data Property Object Property Value Data Type
Requirements - Expressive An expressive and extensible semantics and standards-based vocabulary and data model for automobiles An expressive and extensible semantics and standards-based vocabulary and data model for automobiles Vehicle Cabin Chassis Feature of Interest HVAC Seats Metric Seat.Row1.Driver part of is a Seatbelt.Row1.Driver SideAirbag.Row1.Driver SideAirbag.Row1.Driver.IsDeployed SideAirbag.Row1.Driver.IsEnabled
Requirements - Expressive An expressive and extensible semantics and standards-based vocabulary and data model for automobiles An expressive and extensible semantics and standards-based vocabulary and data model for automobiles Feature of Interest Vehicle Component Vehicle Process Comfort Component Feature of Interest Safety Component Metric Airbag Seatbelt part of is a CurtainAirbag SideAirbag SideAirbag.Row1.Driver.IsDeployed SideAirbag.Row1.Driver.IsEnabled
Requirements - Expressive An expressive and extensible semantics and standards-based vocabulary and data model for automobiles Data Type boolean Property IsEnabled IsDeployed Feature of Interest SideAirbag.Row1.Driver.IsEnabled LaneDepartureDetection.IsEnabled Metric part of is a
Requirements - Expressive An expressive and extensible semantics and standards-based vocabulary and data model for automobiles schema data data data feature_of_interest_classes vehicle master_data features_of_interest cabin features_of_interest metrics powertrain properties properties chassis static_properties data_types dynamic_properties reference data_types units reference_data units
Requirements Standards-Based An expressive and extensible semantics and standards-based vocabulary and data model for automobiles An expressive and extensible semantics and standards-based vocabulary and data model for automobiles Model is declared using JSON Schema (https://json-schema.org/) Well-known schema language Very expressive Abundant tooling (editors, validators, converters, documentation generators ) Well-documented Many implementations and examples Standardized data types and formats The AKM becomes self-documenting
Requirements Standards-Based An expressive and extensible semantics and standards-based vocabulary and data model for automobiles Defining an entity type Inheritance "Metric": { "$id":"akm.Metric", "description": "A signal that describes a particular property of a particular feature of interest", "type": "object" "allOf": [ { "$ref": "akm.Entity" }, "entityTypeID": "Metric", "definition": "Indicates whether the Airbag at Row 1 Driver Side has been deployed ", "internalID": 60240 "iotProcedureType": "Observation" id * name * definition * entityTypeID * comment deprecation "id": "Airbag.Row1.DriverSide.IsDeployed", "name": "Row 1 Driver Side Airbag is Deployed", { internalID * emissionRate iotProcedureType "$ref": "akm.extension.Metric" } ],
Requirements Standards-Based An expressive and extensible semantics and standards-based vocabulary and data model for automobiles Defining an entity type Linking "Metric": { "featureOfInterestID": { "type": "object", "description": "The identifier of the thing whose property is being observed or manipulated", "properties": { "entityTypeID": { "type": "string", "const": "FeatureOfInterest" }, "id": { "type": "string" } } } } "id": "Airbag.Row1.DriverSide.IsDeployed", "featureOfInterestID": { "entityTypeID": "FeatureOfInterest", "id": "Airbag.Row1.DriverSide" },
Requirements Standards-Based An expressive and extensible semantics and standards-based vocabulary and data model for automobiles Defining an entity type Embedding "Entity": { "deprecation": { "type": "object", "$ref": "akm.Deprecation" } } "id": "Vehicle.Speed" , "deprecation": { "release": "2.1.2", "deprecationDate": "2024-03-01", "sunsetDate": null, "replacedBy": "VehicleTravel.Speed", "comment": "Distinguish Processes" } } "Deprecation": { "$id":"akm.Deprecation", "type": "object", "description": "An indication that the object is obsolete and best avoided", "properties": { "release": ..., "deprecationDate": ..., "sunsetDate": ..., "replacedBy": ..., "comment": ..., "required": [ "release" ] }
Requirements Standards-Based An expressive and extensible semantics and standards-based vocabulary and data model for automobiles Defining an entity type Constraints "required": [ "entityTypeID", "propertyID", "featureOfInterestID" ] "unevaluatedProperties": false },
Requirements Standards-Based An expressive and extensible semantics and standards-based vocabulary and data model for automobiles Self-documenting "DataProperty": { "$id":"akm.DataProperty", "type": "object", "description": "A property whose value is a literal", "allOf": [ { "$ref": "akm.Entity" }, { "$ref": "akm.extension.DataProperty" } ], "properties": { "entityTypeID": { "type": "string", "description": "A classfication of objects that share semantics, structure, and often behavior", "const": "DataProperty" }, "dataType": { "type": "string", "description": "The identifier of the data type that specifies what values and operations are available for the property" } # Automotive Knowledge Model An expressive and extensible semantics and standards-based vocabulary and data model for automobiles. Required properties are in ***bold italics***. version: 1.1 ## DataProperty A property whose value is a literal * ***id***: A data element that uniquely locates or identifies an individual thing * ***name***: A term that provides enough context for a human to identify the subject * ***definition***: A statement or formal explanation of the meaning of a concept * ***entityTypeID***: A classification of objects that share semantics, structure, and often behavior * ***dataTypeID***: The identifier of the data type that specifies what values and operations are available for the property * *format*: A mask, value constraint, or formatting hint for string values * *unitID*: The identifier of the unit of measure for values of this property * *min*: The minimum possible value available or permitted for the property * *max*: The maximum possible value available or permitted for the property
Requirements Standards-Based An expressive and extensible semantics and standards-based vocabulary and data model for automobiles Self-documenting
Requirements Standards-Based An expressive and extensible semantics and standards-based vocabulary and data model for automobiles Why JSON and not YAML? - id: Vehicle.Cabin.Seat.Airbag.Row1.Middle name: Airbag at Row 1 Middle entityTypeID: FeatureOfInterest definition: Airbag at Row 1 Middle isA: referentEntityID: FeatureOfInterest referentID: Vehicle.Cabin.Seat.Airbag partOf: referentEntityID: FeatureOfInterest referentID: Vehicle.Cabin.Seat.Row1.Middle { "id": "Vehicle.Cabin.Seat.Airbag.Row1.Middle", "name": "Airbag at Row 1 Middle", "entityTypeID": "FeatureOfInterest", "definition": "Airbag at Row 1 Middle", "isA": { "referentEntityID": "FeatureOfInterest", referentID": "Vehicle.Cabin.Seat.Airbag" }, "partOf": { "referentEntityID": "FeatureOfInterest", "referentID": "Vehicle.Cabin.Seat.Row1.Middle" } } versus https://aws.amazon.com/compare/the-difference-between-yaml-and-json/
Requirements Standards-Based An expressive and extensible semantics and standards-based vocabulary and data model for automobiles Data Types are from Standards Data Properties are constrained by a standard data type Data Types can express their own semantics A Metric can override the default Data Type { { "id": "Length", "name": "Length", "definition": "The linear extent or measurement of something from end to end, usually being the longest dimension or, for something fixed, the longest horizontal dimension", "dataType": { "referentEntityTypeID": "DataType", "referentID": "uint16" } "id": "uint16", "name": "uint16", "definition": "16-bit unsigned integer for range 0 to 65535", "entityTypeID": "DataType", "jsonDataType": "integer", "xsdDataType": "xsd:unsignedLong", "min": 0, "max": 65535 } "id": SeatCushion.Row1.Driver.Length ", "name": The seat cushion for the seat at row 1 driver", "definition": "The part of a seat that supports the buttocks and thighs of the occupant at row 1 driver", "entityTypeID": "Metric", unit": { "referentEntityTypeID": Unit", "referentID": "inch" }
Requirements Standards-Based An expressive and extensible semantics and standards-based vocabulary and data model for automobiles Units are from Standard Systems of Measurements Data Properties can have a default Unit The unit can be overridden for any metric { "id": "AmbientAirTemperature", "name": "Ambient Air Temperature", "definition": "The temperature of the air in a site or spatial region", "entityTypeID": "DataProperty", "dataType": { "referentEntityTypeID": "DataType", "referentID": "float" }, "defaultUnit": { "referentEntityTypeID": "Unit", "referentID": "degree_celsius" } } { "id": "degree_celsius", "name": "degree Celsius", "systemOfUnits": "International System of Units", "symbol": " C", "definition": "The unit of temperature on the Celsius scale", "quantityKind": "K" }
Requirements Standards-Based An expressive and extensible semantics and standards-based vocabulary and data model for automobiles Identifiers No Magic Numbers Vehicle.Cabin.Door.Row1.DriverSide.IsOpen.Boolean.Every10ms Vehicle.Cabin.Door.Row1.DriverSide.IsOpen c4870126-5d78-4084-a8cc-23da2b3d119c AKM00003501
Requirements Standards-Based An expressive and extensible semantics and standards-based vocabulary and data model for automobiles Identifiers Human Readable SELECT DISTINCT ?subject WHERE { ?subject rdf:type akm:07920a42-0d16 . ?subject akm:9d4623a3-2419 akm:59eaa048-0c36 . } c4870126-5d78-4084-a8cc-23da2b3d119c AKM00003501 FeatureOfInterest SELECT DISTINCT ?subject WHERE { ?subject rdf:type akm:FeatureOfInterest . ?subject akm:partOf akm:Cabin . } Cabin isAbout partOf
Requirements Standards-Based An expressive and extensible semantics and standards-based vocabulary and data model for automobiles Identifiers Consistent Format Vehicle.Cabin.HVAC.Station.Row1.Driver.Temperature Vehicle.Cabin.HVAC.IsFrontDefrosterActive USD US Dollar CAD - Canadian Dollar DJF - Djibouti Franc RWF Rawandan Franc IQD Iraqi Dinar Vehicle.Cabin.Infotainment.Media.Played.Source HVACStation.Row1.Driver.AmbientAirTemperature Defroster.Front.IsActive Infotainment.MediaSource
Requirements Standards-Based An expressive and extensible semantics and standards-based vocabulary and data model for automobiles Bidirectional Generation of Ontology { "id": "AirRecirculation", "name": "Air Recirculation", "definition": "A vehicle part that controls the system for recycling cabin air", "entityTypeID": "FeatureOfInterest", "partOf": { referentEntityTypeID": "FeatureOfInterest", "referentID": "HVAC" }, "isA": { "referentEntityTypeID": "FeatureOfInterestClass", "referentID": "ComfortComponent" } }
Requirements Standards-Based An expressive and extensible semantics and standards-based vocabulary and data model for automobiles Bidirectional Generation of Ontology { "id": "AirRecirculation", "name": "Air Recirculation", "definition": "A vehicle part that controls the system for recycling cabin air", "entityTypeID": "FeatureOfInterest", "partOf": { referentEntityTypeID": "FeatureOfInterest", "referentID": "HVAC" }, "isA": { "referentEntityTypeID": "FeatureOfInterestClass", referentID": "ComfortComponent" } } rdfs:label "Air Recirculation" skos:definition "A vehicle part that controls the system for recycling cabin air" akm:partOf akm:HVAC rdf:type akm:ComfortComponent
Questions Questions
