Protection of Minors on Campus: Recognizing Abuse & Reporting Training

Youth Programs and Camps Office
East Carolina University
D
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This training contains general information and
guidelines. It is not intended to be a comprehensive
summary or to address all possible training needs
related to reporting. This training module should not
be used as a substitute for additional training
provided by individual Covered Programs or in place
of guidance by administrators of Covered Programs on
specific situations.
D
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C
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This training contains sensitive
information related to child
maltreatment. All content is
intended to be educational
while aiding program staff in
identifying the signs of child
maltreatment. This
presentation is also meant to
highlight staff’s duty to report
different forms of abuse.
This training is self-paced and
can be paused at any time.
Resources are located at the
end of this presentation.
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University Affiliates (including employees/ volunteers working
with a Third Party Program)
 
 
***Note: ECU employees should contact Bret Wilson, ECU Clery Coordinator, to schedule Clery Training as needed.
 
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Protections for Mandated Reporters
 
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Abuse
 
According to the
Department of Social
Services, abuse is, “Any act
or series of acts of
commission or omission by
a parent, guardian, or other
caregiver that results in
harm, potential for harm,
or threat of harm to a
child.”
 
Physical Abuse
 
Any nonaccidental serious
injuries, pattern of injuries, or
risk of serious injury to a
child.
“Serious” is intentionally
not defined, but may
include:
Beating
Use of a weapon
Use of harmful
restraints
Burning
Biting
Hitting
Shaking
Kicking
Physical Indicators
Bruises at different stages of healing and in different
shapes
Marks inconsistent with single-side fall or
explanation for injury
 
Behavioral and Emotional Indicators
Excessive absences
Fear of parents or adults
Extreme aggression
Cognitive or intellectual impairments
Deficits in speech and language
Hyperactivity, impulsivity, and low frustration
tolerance
Depression, low self-esteem, and suicidal thoughts
or tendencies
Constant fatigue or inability to stay awake
Is easily agitated or defensive
 
Emotional Abuse
 
A pattern of verbal assaults or
coercive measures against the child,
which is destructive to the child’s
sense of self-worth, including:
Sustained and repetitive
criticism, shaming, or belittling
Setting unrealistic expectations
Blaming a child for things they
have no control over
Terrorizing a child by destroying
treasured belongings,
relationships, or supports
Intentionally isolating a child
Rejecting or consistently
favoring another child or sibling
Withholding love or affection
Behavioral or Emotional Indicators
Low self-esteem or self-worth
Suicidal thoughts or ideations
Self-critical or overly anxious
Bullying or criticizing others
Guardian severely criticizes child in
front of others, including:
Leaving a competition because of
a child’s failure to perform
Depicting normal developmental
activities harshly, including
shameful name-calling
 
Sexual Abuse
 
Physical acts perpetrated upon a
child
Examples include: Sexual
intercourse, fondling, oral-
genital contact
Non-touching acts perpetrated upon
a child
Examples include: taking
obscene pictures or videos of
minors, exhibitionism, holding
sexually explicit conversations
with or around minors
Notes:
In North Carolina, no minor
under the age of 16 can legally
consent to a sex act.
Depending on the
circumstances, acts between
minors may need to be
reported and investigated.
Prevention Trainings in NC
Stewards of Children: Darkness to Light
Stop It Now
Signs
Physical signs are not common, but the following may
be presented:
Bruising, bleeding, redness, etc. around the
genitals
Sexually transmitted diseases
Chronic stomach pain, headaches or other
ailments that can’t be explained medically
Grooming Signals
Grooming is the process of gaining the trust of a child
or their family so that the perpetrator can gain access
to a minor
Signs: gift-giving, doting, seeking one-on-one
interactions, encouraging secrets, giving minors
access to restricted things, testing physical
boundaries
 
 
Peer to Peer Abuse
 
Physical acts perpetrated upon a child by older, or more powerful children of the
same age
Examples include- Sexual intercourse, fondling, oral-genital contact
Non-touching acts perpetrated upon a child by older, or more powerful children of
the same age
Examples include- taking obscene pictures or videos of minors, exhibitionism,
holding sexually explicit conversations with or around minors, sexting,
experimentation
Notes:
In North Carolina, no minor under the age of 16 can legally consent to a sex act.
Depending on the circumstances, acts between minors may need to be
reported and investigated.
Video on
Preventing Peer
to Peer Abuse
Same or different ages
Same or different sexes
Bullying
Coercive Behavior
Power imbalances
What are the characteristics?
3 Types
of Power
    
Strength /Size
  
Social
  
Intellectual
1. Isolated 1-to-1
2. Physically isolated areas
3. In the presence of
distracted adults/out of
line of vision
How can it happen?
 
You don’t catch people abusing children, you catch them breaking the rules and pushing boundaries
.
 
Where and when does it happen?
 
Private Locations: 
Bathrooms, locker
rooms, cabins
 
Obstructions: 
Playground Structures,
closets, bus seats, underwater
 
Transition times
: Transportation, sign-
in/sign-out,
beginning/end of day
 
Open mind and open
eyes
 
Any obstruction creates “privacy” and potential
 
Towels, bus seats, furniture all create risk
 
Abuse happens on camera
 
Abuse happens with adults present
 
The good news
is, we can
create safe
environments
 
Tips for Youth Program
Planning
 
Staff programs/camps with proper
ratios
 
Program in appropriate age groups
 
Rule of Three
 
Keep your program goers active
 
Pay attention to changes in behavior
Preventing
 
Risky Situations
Be aware of personality types
and conflicts
Plan groups to avoid power
imbalance
Follow supervision protocol
Do not allow alone time
Model healthy behaviors- 
 
no
teasing,
    favoritism,
        or bad language
 
*You don’t catch people abusing, you catch them breaking
the rules and pushing boundaries
 
Identify Red Flag Behaviors
 
Physical aggression or bullying
 
Sexualized language or behavior
 
Inappropriate touch
 
Youth sneaking off/seeking privacy
 
 Code of Conduct
 
Review behavior policies with program
goers
 
Training staff on proper boundaries
 
Document all incidents
 
Know when to report and who to report
to
 
Respond to Red Flag Behaviors
 
A
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Failing to provide for a child’s basic needs,
including:
Physical
Ex: Improper clothing for weather
conditions; lacking in food or other
resources; abandonment
Ex: Lacking in adequate supervision
(NC law does not define a minimum
age in which children can be left
alone, but fire code denotes age 8
as a minimum age)
Medical
Ex: Failure to provide adequate
treatment
Educational
Emotional needs
Inappropriate discipline
 
 
Neglect
 
D
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R
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Listen calmly and openly
Don’t fill in the gaps or rush to “get to the
bottom of it”
Do not “plant” ideas, but rather note exact
language used by the child
Ask open-ended questions and be affirming by
saying things like, “It’s okay to tell me more”
Believe the child – Let them know it is not their
fault
Do not make promises you can’t keep (like this
will never happen again)
Observe personal boundaries (especially hugs)
 
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Children may ask hypothetical questions or
pretend the abuse has happened to
someone else to gage your reaction
The minor may shut down or take back
what they said because of fear or shame
Children may disclose parts of what has
happened rather than all
Communication may be masked or
nonspecific, for example, “Somebody keeps
bothering me”
 
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p
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Emergency
Situations
 
In the event of an emergency or 
imminent danger
, call 911
or the local law enforcement agency with jurisdiction. ECU
Police can assist with on-campus crimes or referrals. The
ECU Police non-emergency number is 252-328-6787.
 
Calling Department of
Social Services
 
Reports or referrals must be made to the
Department of Social Services in cases
involving child maltreatment
A directory of all 100 county Department of
Social Services can be found at 
Local DSS
Directory
The reporting county for all reports involving
minors in Greenville is Pitt County
Report to Pitt County
DSS by calling 252-902-
1110.
For after-hours
incidents, call the Pitt
County Sheriff’s
Department at 252-830-
4141 and ask for the
social worker on call.
 
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Name, age, address of
victim
Ensure your registration
requires a physical
location address rather
than a PO address
Name and address of
parent/ guardian/ caretake
Information on other
children in the home
Details about the abuse
allegation
Internal Reporting
 
Programs can neither delay
nor prohibit staff from
reporting suspected child
abuse or child neglect.
Supervisors can request that
employees or volunteers
notify leadership if that
request will not cause
interference with an
investigation.
 
After reporting to external
agencies, Covered Programs
must submit a detailed
report to the Coordinator of
Youth Programs and Camps.
 
Internal reports do not
relieve staff of their duty to
report to DSS or law
enforcement.
 
A
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R
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Questions?
 
For more information or questions, contact Omari
Tait, Asst Director Youth Programs/Special Populations
at taito21@ecu.edu  or 252-328-4759
 
Sources Cited
 
The 5 Steps to Protecting Our Children™ - An Introductory Guide to
Help Adults Protect Children From Sexual Abuse. (n.d.). Retrieved
December 1, 2020, from https://www.d2l.org/education/5-steps/.
About DSS. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.ncdhhs.gov/divisions/dss.
Child Maltreatment Training: FREE Online: Prevent Child Abuse NC.
(n.d.). Retrieved December 1, 2019, from
https://www.preventchildabusenc.org/recognizing-responding-
online-course/
.
Redwoods Mandated Reporter Training- Retrieved April 2, 2022
 
Record of Completion
 
To record completion of this training,
follow this link:
https://ecu.az1.qualtrics.com/jfe/for
m/SV_4PalZoXs7NEYTA1
Slide Note

Welcome to East Carolina University Youth Programs and Camps Training. This required training will give you an overview of your role and responsibilities regarding recognizing various forms of child abuse, your role as a mandated reporter, and information regarding preventing peer to peer/or child on child abuse within the camp or program setting. Please review this required training prior to your program start date and complete the Qualtrics link at the end of this training to allow your proof of completion to be documented.

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Addressing the importance of identifying and reporting child abuse and neglect on campus, this training module emphasizes the role of mandated reporters in safeguarding minors. It covers different forms of abuse, peer-to-peer issues, disclosure handling, and available resources, while stressing the legal duty to report suspicions.


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  1. The Protection of Minors on Campus: Recognizing Abuse and Mandated Reporter Training Youth Programs and Camps Office East Carolina University

  2. Disclaimer Disclaimer This training contains general information and guidelines. It is not intended to be a comprehensive summary or to address all possible training needs related to reporting. This training module should not be used as a substitute for additional training provided by individual Covered Programs or in place of guidance by administrators of Covered Programs on specific situations.

  3. Disclaimer Continued Disclaimer Continued This training contains sensitive information related to child maltreatment. All content is intended to be educational while aiding program staff in identifying the signs of child maltreatment. This presentation is also meant to highlight staff s duty to report different forms of abuse. This training is self-paced and can be paused at any time. Resources are located at the end of this presentation.

  4. Questions To Be Addressed in Presentation Questions To Be Addressed in Presentation Who are mandated reporters and what protections do they have? What are the different forms of child abuse and neglect, and how are they identified? What is peer to peer abuse and what are the best practices in preventing it? When a child discloses abuse, what should I do with that information? Where can I find resources related to this topic?

  5. Mandated Mandated Reporters Reporters

  6. Mandated Reporter Defined Mandated Reporter Defined In accordance with North Carolina State Law (G.S. 7B In accordance with North Carolina State Law (G.S. 7B- - 301), 301), any person or institution any person or institution who reasonably suspects that a minor has been abused or neglected by a parent, that a minor has been abused or neglected by a parent, guardian, custodian, or caretaker, has an absolute guardian, custodian, or caretaker, has an absolute obligation to report that suspicion to the appropriate obligation to report that suspicion to the appropriate County Department of Social Services (County DSS) and County Department of Social Services (County DSS) and Law Enforcement (LE), regardless of where the offense Law Enforcement (LE), regardless of where the offense occurred. occurred. ECU extends this guidance to encompass reporting all ECU extends this guidance to encompass reporting all forms of child maltreatment, including peer forms of child maltreatment, including peer- -related abuse or inappropriate conduct involving a minor. abuse or inappropriate conduct involving a minor. who reasonably suspects related

  7. Examples of Mandated Reporters at the University Examples of Mandated Reporters at the University Faculty Staff Interns Students Temporary Employees Junior Staff Visiting Scholars/ Practitioners Volunteers University Affiliates (including employees/ volunteers working with a Third Party Program) ***Note: ECU employees should contact Bret Wilson, ECU Clery Coordinator, to schedule Clery Training as needed.

  8. Protections for Mandated Reporters In accordance with state law, if you make a report about suspected child In accordance with state law, if you make a report about suspected child maltreatment in good faith, you will receive immunity from possible civil or maltreatment in good faith, you will receive immunity from possible civil or criminal liability that may result from your report. criminal liability that may result from your report. In addition, no member of the University Community, including Covered In addition, no member of the University Community, including Covered Individuals, making a good faith report of suspected abuse or neglect will be Individuals, making a good faith report of suspected abuse or neglect will be retaliated against in the terms and conditions of employment, or within retaliated against in the terms and conditions of employment, or within participation of educational programs or activities, as applicable, for adhering participation of educational programs or activities, as applicable, for adhering to the Protection of Minors Regulation and North Carolina law. to the Protection of Minors Regulation and North Carolina law.

  9. Abuse and Neglect Abuse and Neglect Defined Defined

  10. Defining Abuse Defining Abuse Abuse According to the Department of Social Services, abuse is, Any act or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent, guardian, or other caregiver that results in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child. Sexual Peer to Peer Emotional Abuse Physical Neglect

  11. Physical Abuse Any nonaccidental serious injuries, pattern of injuries, or risk of serious injury to a child. Serious is intentionally not defined, but may include: Beating Use of a weapon Use of harmful restraints Burning Biting Hitting Shaking Kicking Physical Indicators Bruises at different stages of healing and in different shapes Marks inconsistent with single-side fall or explanation for injury Behavioral and Emotional Indicators Excessive absences Fear of parents or adults Extreme aggression Cognitive or intellectual impairments Deficits in speech and language Hyperactivity, impulsivity, and low frustration tolerance Depression, low self-esteem, and suicidal thoughts or tendencies Constant fatigue or inability to stay awake Is easily agitated or defensive

  12. Emotional Abuse A pattern of verbal assaults or coercive measures against the child, which is destructive to the child s sense of self-worth, including: Sustained and repetitive criticism, shaming, or belittling Setting unrealistic expectations Blaming a child for things they have no control over Terrorizing a child by destroying treasured belongings, relationships, or supports Intentionally isolating a child Rejecting or consistently favoring another child or sibling Withholding love or affection Behavioral or Emotional Indicators Low self-esteem or self-worth Suicidal thoughts or ideations Self-critical or overly anxious Bullying or criticizing others Guardian severely criticizes child in front of others, including: Leaving a competition because of a child s failure to perform Depicting normal developmental activities harshly, including shameful name-calling

  13. Sexual Abuse Prevention Trainings in NC Stewards of Children: Darkness to Light Stop It Now Physical acts perpetrated upon a child Examples include: Sexual intercourse, fondling, oral- genital contact Signs Physical signs are not common, but the following may be presented: Bruising, bleeding, redness, etc. around the genitals Sexually transmitted diseases Chronic stomach pain, headaches or other ailments that can t be explained medically Grooming Signals Grooming is the process of gaining the trust of a child or their family so that the perpetrator can gain access to a minor Signs: gift-giving, doting, seeking one-on-one interactions, encouraging secrets, giving minors access to restricted things, testing physical boundaries Non-touching acts perpetrated upon a child Examples include: taking obscene pictures or videos of minors, exhibitionism, holding sexually explicit conversations with or around minors Notes: In North Carolina, no minor under the age of 16 can legally consent to a sex act. Depending on the circumstances, acts between minors may need to be reported and investigated.

  14. Peer to Peer Abuse Physical acts perpetrated upon a child by older, or more powerful children of the same age Examples include- Sexual intercourse, fondling, oral-genital contact Non-touching acts perpetrated upon a child by older, or more powerful children of the same age Examples include- taking obscene pictures or videos of minors, exhibitionism, holding sexually explicit conversations with or around minors, sexting, experimentation Notes: In North Carolina, no minor under the age of 16 can legally consent to a sex act. Depending on the circumstances, acts between minors may need to be reported and investigated.

  15. Video on Preventing Peer to Peer Abuse

  16. Assumption VS Reality The Assumptions The Realities Abusers are adults Abusers are seasoned predators We can KEEP them OUT It isn t happening here or It can t happen here Child on Child abuse is just as common Often starts with bullying Doesn t have to involve touch Assume it is happening now

  17. What are the characteristics? Same or different ages Same or different sexes Bullying Coercive Behavior Power imbalances

  18. Strength /Size 3 Types of Power Social Intellectual

  19. Assumption Reality Only problem youth abuse According to Redwoods Insurance 60% incidents are child on child. Darkness2Light Foundation identifies 70% child on child. We should only worry about severe cases Cases of bullying grow and often lead to child-on-child abuse 74% involve similar ages (+/-1) It s rare and unlikely Incidents are under-reported

  20. How can it happen? 1. Isolated 1-to-1 2. Physically isolated areas 3. In the presence of distracted adults/out of line of vision

  21. Assumption Reality Requires complete privacy Even small lapses in supervision are dangerous If staff or cameras, are present we are safe Those that abuse are good at not being detected I would see it and stop it It can even happen in full view You don t catch people abusing children, you catch them breaking the rules and pushing boundaries.

  22. Where and when does it happen? Private Locations: Bathrooms, locker rooms, cabins Obstructions: Playground Structures, closets, bus seats, underwater Transition times: Transportation, sign- in/sign-out, beginning/end of day

  23. Open mind and open eyes Any obstruction creates privacy and potential Towels, bus seats, furniture all create risk Abuse happens on camera Abuse happens with adults present

  24. The good news is, we can create safe environments

  25. Tips for Youth Program Planning Staff programs/camps with proper ratios Program in appropriate age groups Rule of Three Keep your program goers active Pay attention to changes in behavior

  26. Preventing Risky Situations Be aware of personality types and conflicts Plan groups to avoid power imbalance Follow supervision protocol Do not allow alone time Model healthy behaviors- no teasing, favoritism, or bad language *You don t catch people abusing, you catch them breaking the rules and pushing boundaries

  27. Identify Red Flag Behaviors Physical aggression or bullying Sexualized language or behavior Inappropriate touch Youth sneaking off/seeking privacy

  28. Code of Conduct Review behavior policies with program goers Training staff on proper boundaries Document all incidents Know when to report and who to report to

  29. Respond to Red Flag Behaviors 01 02 03 04 Separate youth in conflict Address teasing before it becomes bullying Actively follow- up with victims Report concerns to supervisor

  30. 1 out of 10 children are sexually abused before their 18th birthday 90% of children who are sexually abused are abused by a family member or someone they know Additional Additional Research Research 35% of child victims are 11 years old or younger. Youth are the victims of 66% of all sexual offenses reported to law enforcement. Less than 2% of sexual abuse allegations are false

  31. Defining Neglect Defining Neglect Neglect Failing to provide for a child s basic needs, including: Physical Ex: Improper clothing for weather conditions; lacking in food or other resources; abandonment Ex: Lacking in adequate supervision (NC law does not define a minimum age in which children can be left alone, but fire code denotes age 8 as a minimum age) Medical Ex: Failure to provide adequate treatment Educational Emotional needs Inappropriate discipline Physical Neglect Medical Emotional Educational

  32. Disclosures Disclosures

  33. Listen calmly and openly Don t fill in the gaps or rush to get to the bottom of it Do not plant ideas, but rather note exact language used by the child Ask open-ended questions and be affirming by saying things like, It s okay to tell me more Believe the child Let them know it is not their fault Do not make promises you can t keep (like this will never happen again) Observe personal boundaries (especially hugs) React React Responsibly Responsibly

  34. Understand How Understand How Disclosures By Children Disclosures By Children May Differ May Differ Children may ask hypothetical questions or pretend the abuse has happened to someone else to gage your reaction The minor may shut down or take back what they said because of fear or shame Children may disclose parts of what has happened rather than all Communication may be masked or nonspecific, for example, Somebody keeps bothering me

  35. Written Disclosures Written Disclosures Disclosures may come in any form, including written, oral, and observed. Often, this occurs in application essays. The same criteria applies for reporting: if there is reasonable suspicion leading you to believe that abuse occurred, you must report. If a person over the age of 18 discloses historic abuse, staff are not required to report unless there is reason to believe that a minor may be at risk of abuse.

  36. Reporting Reporting

  37. Make a Make a Report Report IF YOU SUSPECT THAT A MINOR IS SUFFERING ABUSE OR NEGLECT. REGARDLESS OF WHERE THE ALLEGED ABUSE IS OCCURRING. IF YOU KNOW THAT A MINOR IS SUFFERING ABUSE OR NEGLECT.

  38. Emergency Situations In the event of an emergency or imminent danger, call 911 or the local law enforcement agency with jurisdiction. ECU Police can assist with on-campus crimes or referrals. The ECU Police non-emergency number is 252-328-6787.

  39. Calling Department of Social Services Reports or referrals must be made to the Department of Social Services in cases involving child maltreatment A directory of all 100 county Department of Social Services can be found at Local DSS Directory The reporting county for all reports involving minors in Greenville is Pitt County Report to Pitt County DSS by calling 252-902- 1110. For after-hours incidents, call the Pitt County Sheriff s Department at 252-830- 4141 and ask for the social worker on call.

  40. Helpful Information to Include Helpful Information to Include in a Report in a Report Name, age, address of victim Ensure your registration requires a physical location address rather than a PO address Name and address of parent/ guardian/ caretake Information on other children in the home Details about the abuse allegation

  41. Internal Reporting Programs can neither delay nor prohibit staff from reporting suspected child abuse or child neglect. Supervisors can request that employees or volunteers notify leadership if that request will not cause interference with an investigation. After reporting to external agencies, Covered Programs must submit a detailed report to the Coordinator of Youth Programs and Camps. Internal reports do not relieve staff of their duty to report to DSS or law enforcement.

  42. Additional Resources Additional Resources

  43. Resources Resources Child Welfare Information Gateway North Carolina Department of Social Services Prevent Child Abuse North Carolina US Center for Safe Sport

  44. Questions? For more information or questions, contact Omari Tait, Asst Director Youth Programs/Special Populations at taito21@ecu.edu or 252-328-4759

  45. Sources Cited The 5 Steps to Protecting Our Children - An Introductory Guide to Help Adults Protect Children From Sexual Abuse. (n.d.). Retrieved December 1, 2020, from https://www.d2l.org/education/5-steps/. About DSS. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.ncdhhs.gov/divisions/dss. Child Maltreatment Training: FREE Online: Prevent Child Abuse NC. (n.d.). Retrieved December 1, 2019, from https://www.preventchildabusenc.org/recognizing-responding- online-course/. Redwoods Mandated Reporter Training- Retrieved April 2, 2022

  46. Record of Completion To record completion of this training, follow this link: https://ecu.az1.qualtrics.com/jfe/for m/SV_4PalZoXs7NEYTA1

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