Recognizing and Reporting Suspected Child Abuse Training in Pennsylvania
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[Name of Your Agency/Organization]
1
4/6/2023
Introduction
2
Suggestion:
•
Introduce the presenter(s).
•
Provide your agency/organization’s contact information (e.g., email address,
phone number, link to website) in which participants can contact if they have
questions related to the course – such as navigating the course, obtaining
their Certificate of Completion, etc.
•
Introduce your agency/organization.
•
Provide the link to our Trainings page, on our Keep Kids Safe website –
.https://www.dhs.pa.gov/KeepKidsSafe/Pages/Trainings.aspx
3
C
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4/6/2023
Course Overview
4
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O
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I.
Recognizing and Reporting Suspected Child Abuse in Pennsylvania
A.
Course Overview
B.
Child Welfare in Pennsylvania
C.
Mandatory Notification of Substance Exposed Infants by Health
Care Providers & Plan of Safe Care
D.
Recognizing Suspected Child Abuse
E.
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
F.
Case/Reporting Scenarios
G.
Quiz Questions
H.
Sources
*see notes section associated with this slide for more guidance*
Course Overview
5
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•
Should cover the “Key Takeaways” (*see notes section associated with this
slide*) and be worded in a way that reflects what the audience will learn,
such as:
–
Definition/categories of child abuse as outlined in the PA CPSL
–
Common indicators of suspected child abuse
–
Roles and responsibilities for persons required to report suspected child
abuse (mandated reporters)
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Requirements and procedures for reporting suspected child abuse
–
Penalties for mandated reporters who willfully fail to report suspected
child abuse
Course Overview
6
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Provide a brief description of the targeted/intended audience, such as:
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Mandated reporters
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Mandated reporters
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Mandated and permissive reporters
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Individuals seeking or renewing licensure in Pennsylvania
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School staff, school contractors, school volunteers
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Healthcare professionals
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Mental health professionals
Course Overview
7
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Number of credit hours – three (3) hours or two (2) hours
•
Indicate training approval(s) and relevant requirements completing your
training will fulfill, such as:
–
This training is approved by the Pennsylvania Department of Human Services
(DHS) in accordance with 23 Pa.C.S.§6383 (relating to education and training).
•
Note: Those applying for initial licensure/certification under the jurisdiction of
DOS must take a 3-hour training approved by DHS.
–
This training is approved by the Pennsylvania Department of State (DOS) in
accordance with Act 31 of 2014 for professional licensees.
•
Note: Those renewing licensure/certification under the jurisdiction of DOS
must take at least two (2) hours of training
jointly approved by DHS and
DOS
.
–
This training is approved by the Pennsylvania Department of Education (PDE) in
accordance with Act 126 of 2012 [(if applicable) for Act 48 CE credit].
•
Any other relevant requirements completing your training will fulfill
Course Overview
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Method(s) of delivery, such as:
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Online
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In-person
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Self-study
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Live
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How to navigate through the training/presentation, especially if it is online.
Course Overview
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Any and all materials associated with the curriculum, such as:
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PowerPoint presentation
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Hyperlinks
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Videos
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Handouts, such as:
•
Glossary for supplementary definitions
•
Pre-test questions
•
Case scenario questions
•
Post-test questions
Course Overview
10
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Discuss any additional information or disclaimers you feel are pertinent prior
to starting the training, such as:
–
If a participant would want a copy of their Certificate of Completion.
•
They need to contact your agency/organization directly, as your
agency/organization is required to maintain all participant records.
•
Note: If your agency/organization is seeking DOS approval:
–
In accordance with DOS standards, your agency/organization is
required to electronically forward a participant’s information to
DOS for the participant to receive credit toward licensure or
certification. Participants should contact their licensing board
directly to confirm receipt. If a participant’s licensing board did
not receive confirmation they completed the course, the
participant may need to forward their information and their
Certificate of Completion to their licensing board directly.
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4/6/2023
Child Welfare in Pennsylvania
12
Suggestion:
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Brief history of child welfare in Pennsylvania
•
Data/statistics specific to Pennsylvania
*
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Child Welfare in Pennsylvania
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The
Pennsylvania Child Protective Services Law (CPSL) (23 Pa.C.S.
Chapter 63, Child Protective Services)
was established in 1975 to protect
children from abuse, allow the opportunity for healthy growth and
development, and preserve and stabilize the family whenever possible.
•
The PA CPSL does not restrict the generally recognized existing rights of
parents to use reasonable supervision and control when raising their
children.
•
Recent amendments relevant to child abuse recognition and reporting:
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Act 115 of 2016 (relating to human trafficking)
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Act 54 of 2018 (relating to notification of substance-exposed infants by
healthcare providers & plan of safe care)
–
Act 88 of 2019 (relating to penalties for failure to report or refer)
Child Welfare in Pennsylvania
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The Pennsylvania child welfare system is state-supervised and county-
administered.
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County children-and-youth agencies (CCYAs) have two main functions:
1.
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Child Welfare in Pennsylvania
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County children-and-youth agencies (CCYAs) have two main functions:
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Cases identified as “CPS” require an investigation because the
alleged act or failure to act meets the definition of child abuse.
•
The PA CPSL recognizes 10 separate categories of child abuse.
•
Examples of CPS Cases
--
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Causing bodily injury to a child through any recent act or failure
to act
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Causing sexual abuse or exploitation of a child through any act
or failure to act
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Creating a reasonable likelihood of bodily injury to a child
through any recent act or failure to act
–
Creating a likelihood of sexual abuse or exploitation of a child
through any recent act or failure to act
Child Welfare in Pennsylvania
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Examples of CPS Cases
--
(cont.)
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Fabricating, feigning or intentionally exaggerating or inducing a
medical symptom or disease which results in a potentially
harmful medical evaluation or treatment to the child through any
recent act
–
Causing or substantially contributing to serious mental injury to a
child through any act or failure to act or a series of such acts or
failures to act
–
Causing serious physical neglect of a child
–
Engaging in a specific recent “per se” act
–
Causing the death of the child through any act or failure to act
–
Engaging a child in a severe form of trafficking in persons or sex
trafficking
Child Welfare in Pennsylvania
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County children-and-youth agencies (CCYAs) have two main functions:
2.
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Cases identified as “GPS” require an assessment for services and
supports.
•
In these cases, the alleged act or failure to act may not meet the
definition of child abuse but is still detrimental to a child.
•
The primary purpose of GPS is to protect the rights and welfare of
children so that they have an opportunity for healthy growth and
development.
Child Welfare in Pennsylvania
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County children-and-youth agencies (CCYAs) have two main functions:
2.
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Examples of GPS Cases
-- Services to prevent the potential for harm
to a child who meets one of the following conditions:
(cont.)
–
Is without parental care or control, subsistence, education as
required by law, or other care or control necessary for their
physical, mental, or emotional health or morals
–
Has been placed for care or adoption in violation of law
–
Has been abandoned by their parents, guardian, or other
custodian
–
Is without a parent, guardian, or legal custodian
–
Is habitually and without justification truant from school while
subject to compulsory school attendance
–
Is under 10 years of age and has committed a delinquent act
Child Welfare in Pennsylvania
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Examples of GPS Cases
-- Services to prevent the potential for harm
to a child who meets one of the following conditions:
(cont.)
–
Has committed a specific act of habitual disobedience of the
reasonable and lawful commands of their parent, guardian, or
other custodian and who is ungovernable and found to be in need
of care, treatment, or supervision
–
Has been formerly adjudicated dependent under section 6341 of
the Juvenile Act (relating to adjudication) and is under the
jurisdiction of the court, subject to its conditions or placements,
and who commits an act which is ungovernable
–
Has been referred under section 6323 of the Juvenile Act
(relating to informal adjustment) and who commits an act which is
ungovernable
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(Act 54 of 2018)
20
4/6/2023
Act 54 of 2018
21
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A health care provider shall immediately give notice or cause notice to be
given to DHS if the provider is involved in the delivery or care of a child under
one year of age and the health care provider has determined, based on
standards of professional practice, the child was born affected by:
–
substance use or withdrawal symptoms resulting from prenatal drug
exposure; or
–
a Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder.
•
Notification to DHS can be made to ChildLine, electronically through the
Child Welfare Portal
or by calling 1-800-932-0313.
•
This notification is for the purpose of assessing a child and the child's family
for a Plan of Safe Care and shall not constitute a child abuse report.
Act 54 of 2018
22
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psychologist
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physical therapist
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certified nurse practitioner
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registered nurse
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nurse midwife
–
physician’s assistant
–
chiropractor
–
dentist
–
pharmacist; or
–
an individual accredited or certified to
provide behavioral health services
Act 54 of 2018
23
P
l
a
n
o
f
S
a
f
e
C
a
r
e
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
•
After notification of a child born affected by substance use or withdrawal
symptoms resulting from prenatal drug exposure or a fetal alcohol spectrum
disorder:
–
A multidisciplinary team meeting must be held prior to the child's
discharge from the health care facility.
–
The meeting will inform an assessment of the needs of the child and the
child’s parents and immediate caregivers to determine the most
appropriate lead agency for developing, implementing, and monitoring a
Plan of Safe Care.
–
The child's parents and immediate caregivers must be engaged to identify
the need for access to treatment for any substance use disorder or other
physical or behavioral health condition that may impact the safety, early
childhood development, and well-being of the child.
–
Depending upon the needs of the child and parent(s)/caregiver(s),
ongoing involvement of the county agency may not be required.
Act 54 of 2018
24
P
l
a
n
o
f
S
a
f
e
C
a
r
e
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
•
M
u
l
t
i
d
i
s
c
i
p
l
i
n
a
r
y
T
e
a
m
–
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
i
n
f
o
r
m
i
n
g
t
h
e
P
l
a
n
o
f
S
a
f
e
C
a
r
e
,
m
a
y
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
:
–
Public health agencies;
–
Maternal and child health agencies;
–
Home visitation programs;
–
Substance use disorder prevention and treatment providers;
–
Mental health providers;
–
Public and private children and youth agencies:
–
Early intervention and developmental services;
–
Courts;
–
Local education agencies
–
Managed care organizations and private insurers; and
–
Hospitals and medical providers.
R
e
c
o
g
n
i
z
i
n
g
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
25
4/6/2023
Recognizing Child Abuse
26
K
e
y
C
o
m
p
o
n
e
n
t
s
o
f
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
•
C
h
i
l
d
:
A
n
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
u
n
d
e
r
1
8
y
e
a
r
s
o
f
a
g
e
•
R
e
c
e
n
t
a
c
t
;
A
c
t
o
r
f
a
i
l
u
r
e
t
o
a
c
t
;
R
e
c
e
n
t
a
c
t
o
r
f
a
i
l
u
r
e
t
o
a
c
t
;
S
e
r
i
e
s
o
f
A
c
t
s
o
r
F
a
i
l
u
r
e
s
t
o
a
c
t
–
Act
: Something that is done to harm or cause potential harm to a child
–
Failure to act
: Something that is NOT done to prevent
harm or potential
harm to a child
–
Recent act
: Any act committed within two years of the date of the report
to DHS or county agency
–
Recent act or failure to act
: Any act or failure to act committed within two
(2) years of the date of the report to DHS or county agency
•
I
n
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
y
,
K
n
o
w
i
n
g
l
y
,
o
r
R
e
c
k
l
e
s
s
l
y
–
Intentionally
: Done with the direct purpose of causing the type of harm
that resulted
–
Knowingly
: Awareness that harm is practically certain to result
–
Recklessly
: Conscious disregard of substantial and unjustifiable risk
Recognizing Child Abuse
27
P
e
r
p
e
t
r
a
t
o
r
An individual who has committed child abuse as defined under section 6303(b.1)
of the PA CPSL.
NOTE:
Nothing under the PA CPSL requires a person who has reasonable
cause to suspect a child is a victim of child abuse to identify the person
responsible for the child abuse in order to make a report of suspected child
abuse.
Recognizing Child Abuse
28
P
e
r
p
e
t
r
a
t
o
r
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
•
The term includes only the following:
–
A parent of the child
–
A spouse or former spouse of the child’s parent
–
A paramour or former paramour of the child’s parent
–
An individual 14 years of age or older who is responsible for the child’s
welfare or has direct contact with children as an employee of childcare
services, a school, or through a program, activity, or service
–
An individual 14 years of age or older who resides in the same home as
the child
–
An individual 18 years of age or older who does not reside in the same
home as the child but is related within the third degree of consanguinity
or affinity by birth or adoption to the child
–
An individual 18 years of age or older who engages a child in severe
forms of trafficking in persons or sex trafficking
Recognizing Child Abuse
29
P
e
r
p
e
t
r
a
t
o
r
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
•
O
n
l
y
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
m
a
y
b
e
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
a
p
e
r
p
e
t
r
a
t
o
r
f
o
r
f
a
i
l
i
n
g
t
o
a
c
t
:
–
A parent of the child
–
A spouse or former spouse of the child’s parent
–
A paramour or former paramour of the child’s parent
–
An individual 18 years of age or older who is responsible for the child's
welfare
–
An individual 18 years of age or older who resides in the same home as
the child
Recognizing Child Abuse
30
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
&
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
o
f
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
C
h
i
l
d
a
b
u
s
e
:
I
n
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
y
,
k
n
o
w
i
n
g
l
y
,
o
r
r
e
c
k
l
e
s
s
l
y
d
o
i
n
g
a
n
y
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
:
1)
Causing bodily injury to a child through any recent act or failure to act
2)
Fabricating, feigning, or intentionally exaggerating or inducing a medical
symptom or disease which results in a potentially harmful medical
evaluation or treatment to the child through any recent act
3)
Causing or substantially contributing to serious mental injury to a child
through any act or failure to act or a series of such acts or failures to act
4)
Causing sexual abuse or exploitation of a child through any act or failure
to act
5)
Creating a reasonable likelihood of bodily injury to a child through any
recent act or failure to act
6)
Creating a likelihood of sexual abuse or exploitation of a child through
any recent act or failure to act
7)
Causing serious physical neglect of a child
8)
Causing the death of the child through any act or failure to act
Recognizing Child Abuse
31
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
&
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
o
f
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
C
h
i
l
d
a
b
u
s
e
:
I
n
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
y
,
k
n
o
w
i
n
g
l
y
,
o
r
r
e
c
k
l
e
s
s
l
y
d
o
i
n
g
a
n
y
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
:
9)
Engaging a child in a severe form of trafficking in persons or sex
trafficking, as those terms are defined under section 103 of the
Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000
10)
Engaging in any of the following recent “per se” acts:
i.
Kicking, biting, throwing, burning, stabbing, or cutting a child in a
manner that endangers the child
ii.
Unreasonably restraining or confining a child based on consideration
of the method, location, or the duration of the restraint or confinement
iii.
Forcefully shaking a child under one year of age
iv.
Forcefully slapping or otherwise striking a child under one year of age
v.
Interfering with the breathing of a child
vi.
Causing a child to be present at a location while a violation of 18
Pa.C.S.
§
7508.2 (relating to operation of methamphetamine
laboratory) is occurring, provided the violation is being investigated by
law enforcement
Recognizing Child Abuse
32
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
&
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
o
f
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
C
h
i
l
d
a
b
u
s
e
:
I
n
t
e
n
t
i
o
n
a
l
l
y
,
k
n
o
w
i
n
g
l
y
,
o
r
r
e
c
k
l
e
s
s
l
y
d
o
i
n
g
a
n
y
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
:
10)
Engaging in any of the following recent “per se” acts (cont.):
vii.
Leaving a child unsupervised with an individual, other than the child's
parent, who the actor knows or reasonably should have known:
A.
Is required to register as a Tier II or Tier III sexual offender
under 42 Pa.C.S. Ch. 97 Subch. H (relating to registration of
sexual offenders), where the victim of the sexual offense was
under 18 years of age when the crime was committed
B.
Has been determined to be a sexually violent predator under 42
Pa.C.S.
§
9799.24 (relating to assessments) or any of its
predecessors
C.
Has been determined to be a sexually violent delinquent child as
defined in 42 Pa.C.S.
§
9799.12 (relating to definitions)
D.
Has been determined to be a sexually violent predator under 42
Pa.C.S.
§
9799.58 (relating to assessments) or has to register
for life under 42 Pa.C.S.
§
9799.55(b) (relating to registration)
Recognizing Child Abuse
33
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
&
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
o
f
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
•
B
o
d
i
l
y
i
n
j
u
r
y
:
I
m
p
a
i
r
m
e
n
t
o
f
p
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
o
r
s
u
b
s
t
a
n
t
i
a
l
p
a
i
n
–
I
mpairment
: If, due
to the injury, the child’s ability to function is reduced
temporarily or permanently in any way
•
Substantial pain
: If the child experiences what a reasonable person
believes to be substantial pain
Recognizing Child Abuse
34
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
&
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
o
f
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
•
B
o
d
i
l
y
i
n
j
u
r
y
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
Indicators:
–
Fear of going home
–
Fear of parent or caregiver
–
Extreme apprehensiveness/vigilance
–
Pronounced aggression or passivity
–
Flinches easily or avoids being touched
–
Play includes abusive talk or behavior
–
Unexplained injuries
–
Unbelievable or inconsistent explanations of injuries
–
Injuries inconsistent with a child’s age/developmental level
–
Unable to recall how injuries occurred or account of injuries is
inconsistent with the nature of the injuries
–
Multiple bruises in various stages of healing
–
Bruises located on face, ears, neck, buttocks, back, chest, thighs, back of
legs, and genitalia
–
Bruises that resemble
objects such as a hand, fist,
belt buckle, or rope
–
Burns
Recognizing Child Abuse
35
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
&
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
o
f
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
•
B
o
d
i
l
y
i
n
j
u
r
y
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
Suggestion:
At-Risk Youth Populations:
–
*please provide a source/citation*
Recognizing Child Abuse
36
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
&
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
o
f
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
•
S
e
r
i
o
u
s
m
e
n
t
a
l
i
n
j
u
r
y
:
A
p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
c
a
l
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
,
a
s
d
i
a
g
n
o
s
e
d
b
y
a
p
h
y
s
i
c
i
a
n
o
r
l
i
c
e
n
s
e
d
p
s
y
c
h
o
l
o
g
i
s
t
,
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
e
f
u
s
a
l
o
f
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e
t
r
e
a
t
m
e
n
t
,
t
h
a
t
:
–
Renders a child chronically and severely anxious, agitated, depressed,
socially withdrawn, psychotic, or in reasonable fear that the child's life or
safety is threatened; or
–
Seriously interferes with a child's ability to accomplish age-appropriate
developmental and social tasks.
Recognizing Child Abuse
37
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
&
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
o
f
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
•
S
e
r
i
o
u
s
m
e
n
t
a
l
i
n
j
u
r
y
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
Indicators:
–
Expressing feelings of inadequacy
–
Fearful of trying new things
–
Overly compliant
–
Poor peer relationships
–
Excessive dependence on adults
–
Habit disorders (sucking, rocking, etc.)
–
Eating disorders
–
Frequent psychosomatic complaints (nausea, stomachache, headache,
etc.)
–
Bed-wetting
–
Self-harm
–
Speech disorders
Recognizing Child Abuse
38
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
&
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
o
f
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
•
S
e
r
i
o
u
s
m
e
n
t
a
l
i
n
j
u
r
y
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
Suggestion:
At-Risk Youth Populations:
–
*please provide a source/citation*
Recognizing Child Abuse
39
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
&
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
o
f
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
•
S
e
r
i
o
u
s
p
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
n
e
g
l
e
c
t
:
A
n
y
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
w
h
e
n
c
o
m
m
i
t
t
e
d
b
y
a
p
e
r
p
e
t
r
a
t
o
r
t
h
a
t
e
n
d
a
n
g
e
r
s
a
c
h
i
l
d
'
s
l
i
f
e
o
r
h
e
a
l
t
h
,
t
h
r
e
a
t
e
n
s
a
c
h
i
l
d
'
s
w
e
l
l
-
b
e
i
n
g
,
c
a
u
s
e
s
b
o
d
i
l
y
i
n
j
u
r
y
,
o
r
i
m
p
a
i
r
s
a
c
h
i
l
d
'
s
h
e
a
l
t
h
,
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
,
o
r
f
u
n
c
t
i
o
n
i
n
g
:
–
A repeated, prolonged or egregious failure to supervise a child in a
manner that is appropriate considering the child's developmental age and
abilities
–
The failure to provide a child with adequate essentials of life, including
food, shelter, or medical care
Recognizing Child Abuse
40
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
&
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
o
f
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
•
S
e
r
i
o
u
s
p
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
n
e
g
l
e
c
t
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
Indicators:
–
Not registered in school
–
Inadequate or inappropriate supervision
–
Poor impulse control
–
Frequently fatigued
–
Parentified behaviors
–
Lack of adequate medical and dental care
–
Often hungry
–
Lack of shelter
–
Weight is significantly lower than normal for age and gender
–
Developmental delays
–
Persistent (untreated) conditions (e.g., head lice, diaper rash)
–
Exposure to hazards (e.g., illegal drugs, rodent/insect infestation, mold)
–
Clothing that is dirty, inappropriate for the weather, too small, or too large
Recognizing Child Abuse
41
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
&
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
o
f
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
•
S
e
r
i
o
u
s
p
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
n
e
g
l
e
c
t
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
Suggestion:
At-Risk Youth Populations:
–
*please provide a source/citation*
Recognizing Child Abuse
42
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
&
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
o
f
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
•
S
e
x
u
a
l
a
b
u
s
e
o
r
e
x
p
l
o
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
:
T
h
e
e
m
p
l
o
y
m
e
n
t
,
u
s
e
,
p
e
r
s
u
a
s
i
o
n
,
i
n
d
u
c
e
m
e
n
t
,
e
n
t
i
c
e
m
e
n
t
,
o
r
c
o
e
r
c
i
o
n
o
f
a
c
h
i
l
d
t
o
e
n
g
a
g
e
i
n
o
r
a
s
s
i
s
t
a
n
o
t
h
e
r
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
t
o
e
n
g
a
g
e
i
n
s
e
x
u
a
l
l
y
e
x
p
l
i
c
i
t
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
,
w
h
i
c
h
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
s
,
b
u
t
i
s
n
o
t
l
i
m
i
t
e
d
t
o
,
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
:
–
Looking at the sexual or other intimate parts of a child or another
individual for the purpose of arousing or gratifying sexual desire in any
individual
–
Participating in sexually explicit conversation either in person, by
telephone, by computer, or by a computer-aided device for the purpose
of sexual stimulation or gratification of any individual
–
Actual or simulated sexual activity or nudity for the purpose of sexual
stimulation or gratification of any individual
–
Actual or simulated sexual activity for the purpose of producing visual
depiction, including photographing, videotaping, computer depicting, or
filming
Recognizing Child Abuse
43
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
&
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
o
f
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
•
S
e
x
u
a
l
a
b
u
s
e
o
r
e
x
p
l
o
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
:
T
h
e
e
m
p
l
o
y
m
e
n
t
,
u
s
e
,
p
e
r
s
u
a
s
i
o
n
,
i
n
d
u
c
e
m
e
n
t
,
e
n
t
i
c
e
m
e
n
t
,
o
r
c
o
e
r
c
i
o
n
o
f
a
c
h
i
l
d
t
o
e
n
g
a
g
e
i
n
o
r
a
s
s
i
s
t
a
n
o
t
h
e
r
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
t
o
e
n
g
a
g
e
i
n
s
e
x
u
a
l
l
y
e
x
p
l
i
c
i
t
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
,
w
h
i
c
h
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
s
,
b
u
t
i
s
n
o
t
l
i
m
i
t
e
d
t
o
,
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
:
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
This does not include consensual activities between a child who is 14 years
of age or older and another person who is 14 years of age or older and
whose age is within four years of the child's age.
Recognizing Child Abuse
44
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
&
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
o
f
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
•
S
e
x
u
a
l
a
b
u
s
e
o
r
e
x
p
l
o
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
:
A
n
y
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
w
h
e
n
c
o
m
m
i
t
t
e
d
a
g
a
i
n
s
t
a
c
h
i
l
d
:
–
Rape as defined in 18 Pa.C.S.§3121
–
Statutory sexual assault as defined in 18 Pa.C.S.§3122.1
–
Involuntary deviate sexual intercourse as defined in 18 Pa.C.S.§3123
–
Sexual assault as defined in 18 Pa.C.S.§3124.1
–
Institutional sexual assault as defined in 18 Pa.C.S.§3124.2
–
Aggravated indecent assault as defined in 18 Pa.C.S.§3125
–
Indecent assault as defined in 18 Pa.C.S.§3126
–
Indecent exposure as defined in 18 Pa.C.S.§3127
–
Incest as defined in 18 Pa.C.S.§4302
–
Prostitution as defined in 18 Pa.C.S.§5902
Recognizing Child Abuse
45
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
&
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
o
f
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
•
S
e
x
u
a
l
a
b
u
s
e
o
r
e
x
p
l
o
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
Indicators:
–
Sexually
promiscuous
–
Cruelty to others
–
Cruelty to animals
–
Fire setting
–
Anxious
–
Withdrawn
–
Sleep disturbances
–
Bedwetting
–
Pain or irritation in genital/anal area
–
Difficulty walking or sitting
–
Difficultly urinating
–
Excessive or injurious masturbation
–
Pregnancy
–
Positive testing for sexually-
transmitted disease(s) (e.g., HIV)
–
Developmental age-inappropriate
sexual play and/or drawings
Recognizing Child Abuse
46
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
&
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
o
f
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
•
S
e
x
u
a
l
a
b
u
s
e
o
r
e
x
p
l
o
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
Suggestion:
At-Risk Youth Populations:
–
*please
provide a source/citation*
Recognizing Child Abuse
47
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
&
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
o
f
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
•
S
e
v
e
r
e
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
k
i
n
g
i
n
p
e
r
s
o
n
s
(
A
c
t
1
1
5
o
f
2
0
1
6
)
–
S
e
x
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
k
i
n
g
i
n
w
h
i
c
h
a
c
o
m
m
e
r
c
i
a
l
s
e
x
a
c
t
i
s
i
n
d
u
c
e
d
b
y
f
o
r
c
e
,
f
r
a
u
d
,
o
r
c
o
e
r
c
i
o
n
o
r
i
n
w
h
i
c
h
t
h
e
p
e
r
s
o
n
i
n
d
u
c
e
d
t
o
p
e
r
f
o
r
m
s
u
c
h
a
c
t
h
a
s
n
o
t
a
t
t
a
i
n
e
d
1
8
y
e
a
r
s
o
f
a
g
e
;
o
r
•
Sex trafficking
:
the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision,
or obtaining of a person for the purpose of a commercial sex act
•
Commercial sex act
: Any sex act on account of which anything of
value is given to or received by any person
Recognizing Child Abuse
48
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
&
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
o
f
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
•
S
e
v
e
r
e
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
k
i
n
g
i
n
p
e
r
s
o
n
s
(
A
c
t
1
1
5
o
f
2
0
1
6
)
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
–
T
h
e
r
e
c
r
u
i
t
m
e
n
t
,
h
a
r
b
o
r
i
n
g
,
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
,
p
r
o
v
i
s
i
o
n
,
o
r
o
b
t
a
i
n
i
n
g
o
f
a
p
e
r
s
o
n
f
o
r
l
a
b
o
r
o
f
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
s
,
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
f
o
r
c
e
,
f
r
a
u
d
,
o
r
c
o
e
r
c
i
o
n
,
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
i
o
n
t
o
i
n
v
o
l
u
n
t
a
r
y
s
e
r
v
i
t
u
d
e
,
p
e
o
n
a
g
e
,
d
e
b
t
b
o
n
d
a
g
e
,
o
r
s
l
a
v
e
r
y
.
•
Peonage
:
paying off debt through work
•
Debt Bondage
: debt slavery, bonded labor, or services for a debt or
other obligation
•
Slavery
: A condition compared to that of a slave in respect of
exhausting labor or restricted freedom
Recognizing Child Abuse
49
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
&
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
o
f
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
•
S
e
v
e
r
e
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
k
i
n
g
i
n
p
e
r
s
o
n
s
(
A
c
t
1
1
5
o
f
2
0
1
6
)
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
–
Labor trafficking
:
Labor obtained by use of threat of serious harm,
physical restraint, or abuse of legal process
Examples:
–
Being forced to work for little or no pay (frequently in factories
and farms)
–
Domestic servitude
:
providing services within a household for
10-16 hours per day, such as, but not limited to: childcare,
cooking, cleaning, yard work, gardening, etc.
Recognizing Child Abuse
50
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
&
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
o
f
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
•
S
e
v
e
r
e
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
k
i
n
g
i
n
p
e
r
s
o
n
s
(
A
c
t
1
1
5
o
f
2
0
1
6
)
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
–
Victim Identification/Warning Signs
–
including, but not limited to
:
•
Has been verified to be under the age of 18 and is in any way
involved in a commercial sex act industry or has a record of prior
arrest for prostitution or related charges
•
Has an explicitly sexual online profile
•
Excessively frequents internet chat rooms and classified sites
•
Depicts elements of sexual exploitation in drawing, poetry, or other
modes of creative expression
•
Is found in a hotel, street track, truck stop, or strip club
•
Has no identification or knowledge of personal data, such as but not
limited to: age, name, and/or date of birth
•
Lies about or is not aware of their true age or identity
•
Does not have insurance or control over own finances
Recognizing Child Abuse
51
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
&
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
o
f
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
•
S
e
v
e
r
e
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
k
i
n
g
i
n
p
e
r
s
o
n
s
(
A
c
t
1
1
5
o
f
2
0
1
6
)
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
–
Victim Identification/Warning Signs
–
including, but not limited to
: (cont.)
•
Wears clothing that is dirty and inappropriate for the weather; it may
be too large or too small (often dresses or skirts that are provocative
in nature)
•
Wears new clothes of any style, gets hair and/or nails done with no
financial means
•
Has multiple cell phones or very expensive items that they have no
way of purchasing on their own
•
Has unaddressed medical issues or goes to the ER or clinic alone or
with an unrelated adult
•
Exhibits hypervigilance or paranoid behaviors
•
In a controlling or dominating relationship
•
Avoids answering questions and lets someone else speak for them
Recognizing Child Abuse
52
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
&
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
o
f
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
•
S
e
v
e
r
e
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
k
i
n
g
i
n
p
e
r
s
o
n
s
(
A
c
t
1
1
5
o
f
2
0
1
6
)
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
–
Victim Identification/Warning Signs
–
including, but not limited to
: (cont.)
•
Expresses interest in or is in relationships with adults or much older
adults
•
Has significant change in behavior, including increased social media
and new associates or friends at school
•
Has frequent or multiple sexually transmitted diseases or
pregnancies
•
Unexplained injuries and/or unbelievable or inconsistent explanations
of injuries
•
Multiple bruises or cuts in various stages of healing
•
Has a tattoo they’re reluctant to explain
•
Uses specific terms such as "trick", "the life", or "the game"
Recognizing Child Abuse
53
C
a
t
e
g
o
r
i
e
s
&
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
o
r
s
o
f
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
•
S
e
v
e
r
e
f
o
r
m
s
o
f
t
r
a
f
f
i
c
k
i
n
g
i
n
p
e
r
s
o
n
s
(
A
c
t
1
1
5
o
f
2
0
1
6
)
–
At-Risk Youth Populations
–
including, but not limited to, youth
:
•
In the foster care system
•
Who identify as LGBTQ+
•
Who are homeless or runaway
•
With disabilities
•
With a history of sexual abuse
•
With mental health and/or substance abuse disorders
•
With a history of being involved in the welfare system
•
Who identify as native or aboriginal
•
With family dysfunction
Recognizing Child Abuse
54
E
x
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
s
f
r
o
m
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
2
3
P
a
.
C
.
S
.
§
6
3
0
4
)
T
he term "child abuse" does
not include any conduct for which an exclusion is
provided in section 6304 of the PA CPSL (relating to exclusions from child
abuse).
NOTE:
•
Nothing in the PA CPSL requires a person who has reasonable cause to
suspect a child is a victim of child abuse to consider the exclusions from child
abuse before making a report of suspected child abuse.
•
Exclusions from child abuse are considered/determined by DHS or the
investigating agency after receipt of a referral/report.
Recognizing Child Abuse
55
E
x
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
s
f
r
o
m
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
2
3
P
a
.
C
.
S
.
§
6
3
0
4
)
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
a)
E
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
-
-
N
o
c
h
i
l
d
s
h
a
l
l
b
e
d
e
e
m
e
d
t
o
b
e
p
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
l
y
o
r
m
e
n
t
a
l
l
y
a
b
u
s
e
d
b
a
s
e
d
o
n
i
n
j
u
r
i
e
s
t
h
a
t
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
o
l
e
l
y
f
r
o
m
e
n
v
i
r
o
n
m
e
n
t
a
l
f
a
c
t
o
r
s
–
s
u
c
h
a
s
i
n
a
d
e
q
u
a
t
e
h
o
u
s
i
n
g
,
f
u
r
n
i
s
h
i
n
g
s
,
i
n
c
o
m
e
,
c
l
o
t
h
i
n
g
,
a
n
d
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
c
a
r
e
–
t
h
a
t
a
r
e
b
e
y
o
n
d
t
h
e
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
o
f
t
h
e
p
a
r
e
n
t
o
r
p
e
r
s
o
n
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
l
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
c
h
i
l
d
'
s
w
e
l
f
a
r
e
w
i
t
h
w
h
o
m
t
h
e
c
h
i
l
d
r
e
s
i
d
e
s
.
T
h
i
s
e
x
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
s
h
a
l
l
n
o
t
a
p
p
l
y
t
o
a
n
y
c
h
i
l
d
c
a
r
e
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
(
e
x
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
a
n
a
d
o
p
t
i
v
e
p
a
r
e
n
t
)
.
Recognizing Child Abuse
56
E
x
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
s
f
r
o
m
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
2
3
P
a
.
C
.
S
.
§
6
3
0
4
)
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
b)
P
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
o
f
r
e
l
i
g
i
o
u
s
b
e
l
i
e
f
s
-
-
I
f
,
u
p
o
n
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
,
t
h
e
c
o
u
n
t
y
a
g
e
n
c
y
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
s
t
h
a
t
a
c
h
i
l
d
h
a
s
n
o
t
b
e
e
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
n
e
e
d
e
d
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
o
r
s
u
r
g
i
c
a
l
c
a
r
e
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
o
f
s
i
n
c
e
r
e
l
y
h
e
l
d
r
e
l
i
g
i
o
u
s
b
e
l
i
e
f
s
o
f
t
h
e
c
h
i
l
d
'
s
p
a
r
e
n
t
s
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
t
h
i
r
d
d
e
g
r
e
e
o
f
c
o
n
s
a
n
g
u
i
n
i
t
y
a
n
d
w
i
t
h
w
h
o
m
t
h
e
c
h
i
l
d
r
e
s
i
d
e
s
–
a
n
d
w
h
i
c
h
b
e
l
i
e
f
s
a
r
e
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
e
n
t
w
i
t
h
t
h
o
s
e
o
f
a
b
o
n
a
f
i
d
e
r
e
l
i
g
i
o
n
–
t
h
e
c
h
i
l
d
s
h
a
l
l
n
o
t
b
e
d
e
e
m
e
d
t
o
b
e
p
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
l
y
o
r
m
e
n
t
a
l
l
y
a
b
u
s
e
d
.
I
n
s
u
c
h
c
a
s
e
s
,
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
s
h
a
l
l
a
p
p
l
y
:
1)
The county agency shall closely monitor the child and the child's family
and shall seek court-ordered medical intervention when the lack of
medical or surgical care threatens the child's life or long-term health.
2)
All correspondence with a subject of the report and the records of DHS
and the county agency shall not reference child abuse and shall
acknowledge the religious basis for the child's condition.
3)
The family shall be referred for general protective services, if
appropriate.
Recognizing Child Abuse
57
E
x
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
s
f
r
o
m
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
2
3
P
a
.
C
.
S
.
§
6
3
0
4
)
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
b)
P
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
o
f
r
e
l
i
g
i
o
u
s
b
e
l
i
e
f
s
-
-
I
f
,
u
p
o
n
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
,
t
h
e
c
o
u
n
t
y
a
g
e
n
c
y
d
e
t
e
r
m
i
n
e
s
t
h
a
t
a
c
h
i
l
d
h
a
s
n
o
t
b
e
e
n
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
d
n
e
e
d
e
d
m
e
d
i
c
a
l
o
r
s
u
r
g
i
c
a
l
c
a
r
e
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
o
f
s
i
n
c
e
r
e
l
y
h
e
l
d
r
e
l
i
g
i
o
u
s
b
e
l
i
e
f
s
o
f
t
h
e
c
h
i
l
d
'
s
p
a
r
e
n
t
s
o
r
r
e
l
a
t
i
v
e
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
e
t
h
i
r
d
d
e
g
r
e
e
o
f
c
o
n
s
a
n
g
u
i
n
i
t
y
a
n
d
w
i
t
h
w
h
o
m
t
h
e
c
h
i
l
d
r
e
s
i
d
e
s
–
a
n
d
w
h
i
c
h
b
e
l
i
e
f
s
a
r
e
c
o
n
s
i
s
t
e
n
t
w
i
t
h
t
h
o
s
e
o
f
a
b
o
n
a
f
i
d
e
r
e
l
i
g
i
o
n
–
t
h
e
c
h
i
l
d
s
h
a
l
l
n
o
t
b
e
d
e
e
m
e
d
t
o
b
e
p
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
l
y
o
r
m
e
n
t
a
l
l
y
a
b
u
s
e
d
.
I
n
s
u
c
h
c
a
s
e
s
,
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
s
h
a
l
l
a
p
p
l
y
:
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
4)
This exclusion shall not apply if the failure to provide needed medical or
surgical care causes the death of the child.
5)
This exclusion shall not apply to any childcare service (excluding an
adoptive parent).
Recognizing Child Abuse
58
E
x
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
s
f
r
o
m
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
2
3
P
a
.
C
.
S
.
§
6
3
0
4
)
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
c)
U
s
e
o
f
f
o
r
c
e
f
o
r
s
u
p
e
r
v
i
s
i
o
n
,
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
,
a
n
d
s
a
f
e
t
y
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
s
-
-
S
u
b
j
e
c
t
t
o
s
u
b
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
(
d
)
(
r
e
l
a
t
i
n
g
t
o
r
i
g
h
t
s
o
f
p
a
r
e
n
t
s
)
,
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
r
e
a
s
o
n
a
b
l
e
f
o
r
c
e
o
n
o
r
a
g
a
i
n
s
t
a
c
h
i
l
d
b
y
t
h
e
c
h
i
l
d
'
s
o
w
n
p
a
r
e
n
t
o
r
p
e
r
s
o
n
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
l
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
c
h
i
l
d
'
s
w
e
l
f
a
r
e
s
h
a
l
l
n
o
t
b
e
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
c
h
i
l
d
a
b
u
s
e
i
f
a
n
y
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
a
p
p
l
y
:
1)
The use of reasonable force constitutes incidental, minor, or reasonable
physical contact with the child or other actions that are designed to
maintain order and control.
Recognizing Child Abuse
59
E
x
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
s
f
r
o
m
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
2
3
P
a
.
C
.
S
.
§
6
3
0
4
)
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
c)
U
s
e
o
f
f
o
r
c
e
f
o
r
s
u
p
e
r
v
i
s
i
o
n
,
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
,
a
n
d
s
a
f
e
t
y
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
s
-
-
S
u
b
j
e
c
t
t
o
s
u
b
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
(
d
)
(
r
e
l
a
t
i
n
g
t
o
r
i
g
h
t
s
o
f
p
a
r
e
n
t
s
)
,
t
h
e
u
s
e
o
f
r
e
a
s
o
n
a
b
l
e
f
o
r
c
e
o
n
o
r
a
g
a
i
n
s
t
a
c
h
i
l
d
b
y
t
h
e
c
h
i
l
d
'
s
o
w
n
p
a
r
e
n
t
o
r
p
e
r
s
o
n
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
i
b
l
e
f
o
r
t
h
e
c
h
i
l
d
'
s
w
e
l
f
a
r
e
s
h
a
l
l
n
o
t
b
e
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
e
d
c
h
i
l
d
a
b
u
s
e
i
f
a
n
y
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
c
o
n
d
i
t
i
o
n
s
a
p
p
l
y
:
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
2)
The use of reasonable force is necessary:
i.
to quell a disturbance or remove the child from the scene of a
disturbance that threatens physical injury to persons or damage to
property;
ii.
to prevent the child from self-inflicted physical harm;
iii.
for self-defense or the defense of another individual; or
iv.
to obtain possession of weapons or other dangerous objects or
controlled substances or paraphernalia that are on the child or
within the control of the child.
Recognizing Child Abuse
60
E
x
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
s
f
r
o
m
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
2
3
P
a
.
C
.
S
.
§
6
3
0
4
)
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
d)
R
i
g
h
t
s
o
f
p
a
r
e
n
t
s
-
-
N
o
t
h
i
n
g
i
n
t
h
e
P
A
C
P
S
L
s
h
a
l
l
b
e
c
o
n
s
t
r
u
e
d
t
o
r
e
s
t
r
i
c
t
t
h
e
g
e
n
e
r
a
l
l
y
r
e
c
o
g
n
i
z
e
d
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g
r
i
g
h
t
s
o
f
p
a
r
e
n
t
s
t
o
u
s
e
r
e
a
s
o
n
a
b
l
e
f
o
r
c
e
o
n
o
r
a
g
a
i
n
s
t
t
h
e
i
r
c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
s
o
f
s
u
p
e
r
v
i
s
i
o
n
,
c
o
n
t
r
o
l
,
a
n
d
d
i
s
c
i
p
l
i
n
e
o
f
t
h
e
i
r
c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
.
S
u
c
h
r
e
a
s
o
n
a
b
l
e
f
o
r
c
e
s
h
a
l
l
n
o
t
c
o
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
e
c
h
i
l
d
a
b
u
s
e
.
Recognizing Child Abuse
61
E
x
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
s
f
r
o
m
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
2
3
P
a
.
C
.
S
.
§
6
3
0
4
)
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
e)
P
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
i
o
n
i
n
e
v
e
n
t
s
t
h
a
t
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
p
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
c
o
n
t
a
c
t
w
i
t
h
c
h
i
l
d
-
-
A
n
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
i
n
g
i
n
a
p
r
a
c
t
i
c
e
o
r
c
o
m
p
e
t
i
t
i
o
n
i
n
a
n
i
n
t
e
r
s
c
h
o
l
a
s
t
i
c
s
p
o
r
t
,
p
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
,
a
r
e
c
r
e
a
t
i
o
n
a
l
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
,
o
r
a
n
e
x
t
r
a
c
u
r
r
i
c
u
l
a
r
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y
t
h
a
t
i
n
v
o
l
v
e
s
p
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
c
o
n
t
a
c
t
w
i
t
h
a
c
h
i
l
d
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
,
i
n
i
t
s
e
l
f
,
c
o
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
e
c
o
n
t
a
c
t
t
h
a
t
i
s
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
t
o
t
h
e
r
e
p
o
r
t
i
n
g
r
e
q
u
i
r
e
m
e
n
t
s
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
e
P
A
C
P
S
L
.
Recognizing Child Abuse
62
E
x
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
s
f
r
o
m
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
2
3
P
a
.
C
.
S
.
§
6
3
0
4
)
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
f)
C
h
i
l
d
-
o
n
-
c
h
i
l
d
c
o
n
t
a
c
t
1)
Harm or injury to a child that results from the act of another child shall
not constitute child abuse unless the child who caused the harm or injury
is a perpetrator.
2)
Notwithstanding paragraph (1) above, the following shall apply:
i.
Acts constituting any of the following crimes against a child shall be
subject to the reporting requirements of the PA CPSL:
A.
Rape as defined in 18 Pa.C.S.
§
3121
B.
Involuntary deviate sexual intercourse as defined in 18 Pa.C.S.
§
3123
C.
Sexual assault as defined in 18 Pa.C.S.
§
3124.1
D.
Aggravated indecent assault as defined in 18 Pa.C.S.
§
3125
E.
Indecent assault as defined in 18 Pa.C.S.
§
3126
F.
Indecent exposure as defined in 18 Pa.C.S.
§
3127
Recognizing Child Abuse
63
E
x
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
s
f
r
o
m
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
2
3
P
a
.
C
.
S
.
§
6
3
0
4
)
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
f)
C
h
i
l
d
-
o
n
-
c
h
i
l
d
c
o
n
t
a
c
t
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
1)
Harm or injury to a child that results from the act of another child shall
not constitute child abuse unless the child who caused the harm or injury
is a perpetrator.
2)
Notwithstanding paragraph (1) above, the following shall apply: (cont.)
ii.
No child shall be deemed to be a perpetrator of child abuse based
solely on physical or mental injuries caused to another child in the
course of a dispute, fight, or scuffle entered into by mutual consent.
iii.
A law enforcement official who receives a report of suspected child
abuse is not required to make a report to DHS if the person
allegedly responsible for the child abuse is a non-perpetrator child.
Recognizing Child Abuse
64
E
x
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
s
f
r
o
m
C
h
i
l
d
A
b
u
s
e
(
2
3
P
a
.
C
.
S
.
§
6
3
0
4
)
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
g)
D
e
f
e
n
s
i
v
e
f
o
r
c
e
-
-
R
e
a
s
o
n
a
b
l
e
f
o
r
c
e
f
o
r
s
e
l
f
-
d
e
f
e
n
s
e
o
r
t
h
e
d
e
f
e
n
s
e
o
f
a
n
o
t
h
e
r
i
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§
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0
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65
4/6/2023
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
66
R
e
a
s
o
n
a
b
l
e
C
a
u
s
e
t
o
S
u
s
p
e
c
t
•
"Reasonable cause to suspect" may be a determination you make based on
your training/experience and all known circumstances – to include “who”,
“what”, “how”, and “when”, observations (e.g., indicators of abuse or "red
flags", behavior/demeanor of the child(ren), behavior/demeanor of the adult(s),
etc.), as well as familiarity with the individuals (e.g., family situation and
relevant history or similar prior incidents, etc.). It is also important to recognize
how your feelings and personal biases may influence your conclusions and
actions.
•
Some indicators may be more apparent than others depending on the type of
abuse and/or depending on the child's health, development, and well-being, as
well as may be physically visible on the child's body while other indicators may
be present in the child's behaviors. It is also worth acknowledging that some
indicators may overlap and suggest a child is a victim of more than one type of
child abuse.
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
67
P
e
r
s
o
n
s
E
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
e
d
t
o
R
e
p
o
r
t
(
2
3
P
a
.
C
.
S
.
§
6
3
1
2
)
Any person may make an oral (1-800-932-0313) or written report of suspected
child abuse, which may be submitted electronically, or cause a report of suspected
child abuse to be made to DHS, county agency, or law enforcement, if that person
has reasonable cause to suspect that a child is a victim of child abuse.
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
68
P
e
r
s
o
n
s
R
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
t
o
R
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p
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r
t
(
2
3
P
a
.
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.
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.
§
6
3
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)
a)
M
a
n
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s
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(
b
)
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i
f
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e
p
e
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a
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a
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a
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t
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a
v
i
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t
i
m
o
f
c
h
i
l
d
a
b
u
s
e
:
1)
A person licensed or certified to practice in any health-related field under
the jurisdiction of the Department of State (DOS)
2)
A medical examiner, coroner, or funeral director
3)
An employee of a health care facility or provider licensed by the
Department of Health (DOH) who is engaged in the admission,
examination, care, or treatment of individuals
4)
A school employee
5)
An employee of a child-care service who has direct contact with children
in the course of employment
6)
An independent contractor
7)
A clergyman, priest, rabbi, minister, Christian Science practitioner,
religious healer, or spiritual leader of any regularly established church or
other religious organization
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
69
P
e
r
s
o
n
s
R
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
t
o
R
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(
2
3
P
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.
C
.
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.
§
6
3
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)
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c
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n
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.
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)
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a
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e
:
(
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o
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t
.
)
8)
An individual paid or unpaid, who – on the basis of the individual’s role
as an integral part of a regularly scheduled program, activity, or service
– is a person responsible for the child’s welfare or has direct contact with
children
9)
An employee of a social service agency who has direct contact with
children in the course of employment
10)
A peace officer or law enforcement official
11)
An emergency medical services provider certified by DOH
12)
An employee of a public library who has direct contact with children in
the course of employment
13)
An individual supervised or managed by a person listed immediately
above (including any person listed on the previous slide) who has direct
contact with children in the course of employment
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
70
P
e
r
s
o
n
s
R
e
q
u
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r
e
d
t
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R
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(
2
3
P
a
.
C
.
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.
§
6
3
1
1
)
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c
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.
)
a)
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:
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.
)
14)
An attorney affiliated with an agency, institution, organization, or other
entity, including a school or regularly established religious organization
that is responsible for the care, supervision, guidance, or control of
children
15)
A foster parent
16)
An adult family member who is a person responsible for the child's
welfare and provides services to a child in a family living home,
community home for individuals with an intellectual disability, or host
home for children which are subject to supervision or licensure by DHS
under Articles IX and X of the act of June 13, 1967 (P.L.31, No.21)
known as the Human Services Code (formerly the Public Welfare Code)
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
71
P
e
r
s
o
n
s
R
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
t
o
R
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p
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(
2
3
P
a
.
C
.
S
.
§
6
3
1
1
)
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
b)
B
a
s
i
s
t
o
R
e
p
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r
t
-
-
A
m
a
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d
a
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6
3
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A
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d
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r
a
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w
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g
c
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c
u
m
s
t
a
n
c
e
s
:
1)
The mandated reporter comes into contact with the child in the course of
employment, occupation, and practice of a profession or through a
regularly scheduled program, activity, or service
2)
The mandated reporter is directly responsible for the care, supervision,
guidance, or training of the child, or is affiliated with an agency,
institution, organization, school, regularly established church or religious
organization, or other entity that is directly responsible for the care,
supervision, guidance, or training of the child
3)
A person makes a specific disclosure to the mandated reporter that an
identifiable child is the victim of child abuse
4)
An individual 14 years of age or older makes a specific disclosure to the
mandated reporter that the individual has committed child abuse
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
72
P
e
r
s
o
n
s
R
e
q
u
i
r
e
d
t
o
R
e
p
o
r
t
(
2
3
P
a
.
C
.
S
.
§
6
3
1
1
)
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
•
Nothing in this section shall require a child to come before the mandated
reporter in order for the mandated reporter in order to make a report of
suspected child abuse.
•
Nothing in this section shall require the mandated reporter to identify the
person responsible for the child abuse in order to make a report of suspected
child abuse.
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
73
P
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r
s
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n
s
R
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q
u
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d
t
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R
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(
2
3
P
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.
C
.
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§
6
3
1
1
)
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c
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t
.
)
c)
S
t
a
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s
,
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.
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(
b
)
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)
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,
s
c
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o
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,
f
a
c
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,
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a
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c
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,
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6
3
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3
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,
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,
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.
A
n
y
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i
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a
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i
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,
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a
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f
1
8
P
a
.
C
.
S
.
§
4
9
5
8
(
r
e
l
a
t
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n
g
t
o
i
n
t
i
m
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t
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n
,
r
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t
a
l
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a
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s
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)
.
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h
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P
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d
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,
f
a
c
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t
y
,
o
r
a
g
e
n
c
y
.
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
74
P
r
i
v
i
l
e
g
e
d
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
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n
s
(
2
3
P
a
.
C
.
S
.
§
6
3
1
1
.
1
)
a)
G
e
n
e
r
a
l
r
u
l
e
-
-
S
u
b
j
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c
t
t
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u
b
s
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c
t
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n
(
b
)
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t
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v
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l
n
o
t
:
1)
Apply to a situation involving child abuse.
2)
Relieve the mandated reporter of the duty to make a report of suspected
child abuse.
b)
C
o
n
f
i
d
e
n
t
i
a
l
c
o
m
m
u
n
i
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
-
-
T
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
s
h
a
l
l
a
p
p
l
y
:
1)
Confidential communications made to a member of the clergy are
protected under 42 Pa.C.S.
§
5943 (relating to confidential
communications to clergymen).
2)
Confidential communications made to an attorney are protected so long
as they are within the scope of 42 Pa.C.S.
§§
5916 (relating to
confidential communications to attorney) and 5928 (relating to
confidential communications to attorney), the attorney work product
doctrine, or the rules of professional conduct for attorneys.
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
75
R
e
p
o
r
t
i
n
g
P
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
(
2
3
P
a
.
C
.
S
.
§
6
3
1
3
)
a)
R
e
p
o
r
t
b
y
m
a
n
d
a
t
e
d
r
e
p
o
r
t
e
r
-
-
1)
A mandated reporter shall immediately make an oral report of suspected
child abuse to DHS via the Statewide toll-free telephone number (
1-800-
932-0313
) or a written report using electronic technologies via the self-
service
Child Welfare Portal
.
2)
A mandated reporter making an oral report of suspected child abuse to
the DHS via the Statewide toll-free telephone number shall also make a
written report (
CY-47
), which may be submitted electronically, within 48
hours to DHS or county agency assigned to the case in a manner and
format prescribed by DHS.
3)
The failure of the mandated reporter to file the written report (
CY-47
)
described in the paragraph immediately above shall not relieve the
county agency from any duty under the PA CPSL, and the county
agency shall proceed as though the mandated reporter complied.
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
76
P
u
r
s
u
a
n
t
t
o
2
3
P
a
.
C
.
S
.
§
6
3
8
3
(
r
e
l
a
t
i
n
g
t
o
e
d
u
c
a
t
i
o
n
a
n
d
t
r
a
i
n
i
n
g
)
,
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
s
,
f
a
c
i
l
i
t
i
e
s
a
n
d
a
g
e
n
c
i
e
s
w
h
i
c
h
c
a
r
e
f
o
r
c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
a
n
d
a
r
e
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
t
o
s
u
p
e
r
v
i
s
i
o
n
b
y
P
A
D
H
S
u
n
d
e
r
A
r
t
i
c
l
e
I
X
o
f
t
h
e
P
u
b
l
i
c
W
e
l
f
a
r
e
C
o
d
e
m
u
s
t
a
l
s
o
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
t
h
e
i
r
i
n
t
e
r
n
a
l
p
o
l
i
c
i
e
s
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
t
o
r
e
p
o
r
t
i
n
g
s
u
s
p
e
c
t
e
d
c
h
i
l
d
a
b
u
s
e
.
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
77
R
e
p
o
r
t
i
n
g
P
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
(
2
3
P
a
.
C
.
S
.
§
6
3
1
3
)
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
b)
C
o
n
t
e
n
t
s
o
f
r
e
p
o
r
t
-
-
A
w
r
i
t
t
e
n
r
e
p
o
r
t
o
f
s
u
s
p
e
c
t
e
d
c
h
i
l
d
a
b
u
s
e
,
w
h
i
c
h
m
a
y
b
e
s
u
b
m
i
t
t
e
d
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
a
l
l
y
,
s
h
a
l
l
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
,
i
f
k
n
o
w
n
:
1)
The names and addresses of the child, the child's parents, and any
other person responsible for the child's welfare
2)
Where the suspected abuse occurred
3)
The age and sex of each subject of the report
4)
The nature and extent of the suspected child abuse, including any
evidence of prior abuse to the child or any sibling of the child
5)
The name and relationship of each individual responsible for causing the
suspected abuse and any evidence of prior abuse by each individual
6)
Family composition
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
78
R
e
p
o
r
t
i
n
g
P
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
(
2
3
P
a
.
C
.
S
.
§
6
3
1
3
)
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
b)
C
o
n
t
e
n
t
s
o
f
r
e
p
o
r
t
-
-
A
w
r
i
t
t
e
n
r
e
p
o
r
t
o
f
s
u
s
p
e
c
t
e
d
c
h
i
l
d
a
b
u
s
e
,
w
h
i
c
h
m
a
y
b
e
s
u
b
m
i
t
t
e
d
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
a
l
l
y
,
s
h
a
l
l
i
n
c
l
u
d
e
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
,
i
f
k
n
o
w
n
:
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
7)
The source of the report
8)
The name, telephone number and e-mail address of the person making
the report
9)
The actions taken by the person making the report, including those
actions taken under section 6314 (relating to photographs, medical tests
and X-rays of child subject to report), 6315 (relating to taking child into
protective custody), 6316 (relating to admission to private and public
hospitals) or 6317 (relating to mandatory reporting and postmortem
investigation of deaths)
10)
Any other information required by Federal law or regulation
11)
Any other information that DHS requires by regulation
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
79
R
e
p
o
r
t
i
n
g
P
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
(
2
3
P
a
.
C
.
S
.
§
6
3
1
3
)
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
e)
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
o
f
M
e
n
t
a
l
H
e
a
l
t
h
P
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s
A
c
t
-
-
N
o
t
w
i
t
h
s
t
a
n
d
i
n
g
a
n
y
o
t
h
e
r
p
r
o
v
i
s
i
o
n
o
f
l
a
w
,
a
m
a
n
d
a
t
e
d
r
e
p
o
r
t
e
r
w
h
o
m
a
k
e
s
a
r
e
p
o
r
t
o
f
s
u
s
p
e
c
t
e
d
c
h
i
l
d
a
b
u
s
e
o
r
w
h
o
m
a
k
e
s
a
r
e
p
o
r
t
o
f
a
c
r
i
m
e
a
g
a
i
n
s
t
a
c
h
i
l
d
t
o
l
a
w
e
n
f
o
r
c
e
m
e
n
t
o
f
f
i
c
i
a
l
s
s
h
a
l
l
n
o
t
b
e
i
n
v
i
o
l
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
t
h
e
a
c
t
o
f
J
u
l
y
9
,
1
9
7
6
(
P
.
L
.
8
1
7
,
N
o
.
1
4
3
)
,
k
n
o
w
n
a
s
t
h
e
M
e
n
t
a
l
H
e
a
l
t
h
P
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
s
A
c
t
,
b
y
r
e
l
e
a
s
i
n
g
i
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y
t
o
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
t
h
e
r
e
p
o
r
t
.
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
80
S
t
a
t
e
w
i
d
e
T
o
l
l
-
F
r
e
e
T
e
l
e
p
h
o
n
e
N
u
m
b
e
r
(
2
3
P
a
.
C
.
S
.
§
6
3
3
2
)
The Statewide toll-free telephone number
is available for
all persons, whether
mandated by law or not, to use to report cases of suspected child abuse or children
allegedly in need of general protective services.
1
-
8
0
0
-
9
3
2
-
0
3
1
3
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
81
E
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
R
e
p
o
r
t
i
n
g
(
2
3
P
a
.
C
.
S
.
§
6
3
0
5
)
b)
C
o
n
f
i
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
r
e
p
o
r
t
s
-
-
A
c
o
n
f
i
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
b
y
D
H
S
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
c
e
i
p
t
o
f
a
r
e
p
o
r
t
o
f
s
u
s
p
e
c
t
e
d
c
h
i
l
d
a
b
u
s
e
s
u
b
m
i
t
t
e
d
e
l
e
c
t
r
o
n
i
c
a
l
l
y
s
h
a
l
l
r
e
l
i
e
v
e
t
h
e
p
e
r
s
o
n
m
a
k
i
n
g
t
h
e
r
e
p
o
r
t
o
f
m
a
k
i
n
g
a
n
a
d
d
i
t
i
o
n
a
l
o
r
a
l
o
r
w
r
i
t
t
e
n
r
e
p
o
r
t
o
f
s
u
s
p
e
c
t
e
d
c
h
i
l
d
a
b
u
s
e
,
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
t
o
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
6
3
1
3
(
r
e
l
a
t
i
n
g
t
o
r
e
p
o
r
t
i
n
g
p
r
o
c
e
d
u
r
e
)
.
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
82
I
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
f
r
o
m
L
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
(
2
3
P
a
.
C
.
S
.
§
6
3
1
8
)
a)
G
e
n
e
r
a
l
r
u
l
e
-
-
A
p
e
r
s
o
n
,
h
o
s
p
i
t
a
l
,
i
n
s
t
i
t
u
t
i
o
n
,
s
c
h
o
o
l
,
f
a
c
i
l
i
t
y
,
a
g
e
n
c
y
,
o
r
a
g
e
n
c
y
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
a
c
t
i
n
g
i
n
g
o
o
d
f
a
i
t
h
s
h
a
l
l
h
a
v
e
i
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
f
r
o
m
c
i
v
i
l
a
n
d
c
r
i
m
i
n
a
l
l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
h
a
t
m
i
g
h
t
o
t
h
e
r
w
i
s
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
f
r
o
m
a
n
y
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
:
1)
Making a report of suspected child abuse or making a referral for
general protective services, regardless of whether the report is required
to be made under the PA CPSL
2)
Cooperating or consulting with an investigation under the PA CPSL,
including providing information to a child fatality or near-fatality review
team
3)
Testifying in a proceeding arising out of an instance of suspected child
abuse or general protective services
4)
Engaging in any action authorized under 23 Pa.C.S.
§
6314 (relating to
photographs, medical tests and X-rays of child subject to report),
§
6315
(relating to taking child into protective custody),
§
6316 (relating to
admission to private and public hospitals), or
§
6317 (relating to
mandatory reporting and postmortem investigation of deaths)
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
83
I
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
f
r
o
m
L
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
(
2
3
P
a
.
C
.
S
.
§
6
3
1
8
)
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
b)
D
e
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
a
n
d
c
o
u
n
t
y
a
g
e
n
c
y
i
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
-
-
A
n
o
f
f
i
c
i
a
l
o
r
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
o
f
D
H
S
o
r
c
o
u
n
t
y
a
g
e
n
c
y
w
h
o
r
e
f
e
r
s
a
r
e
p
o
r
t
o
f
s
u
s
p
e
c
t
e
d
c
h
i
l
d
a
b
u
s
e
f
o
r
g
e
n
e
r
a
l
p
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
s
t
o
l
a
w
e
n
f
o
r
c
e
m
e
n
t
a
u
t
h
o
r
i
t
i
e
s
o
r
p
r
o
v
i
d
e
s
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
s
a
s
a
u
t
h
o
r
i
z
e
d
b
y
t
h
e
P
A
C
P
S
L
s
h
a
l
l
h
a
v
e
i
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
f
r
o
m
c
i
v
i
l
a
n
d
c
r
i
m
i
n
a
l
l
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
t
h
a
t
m
i
g
h
t
o
t
h
e
r
w
i
s
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
f
r
o
m
t
h
e
a
c
t
i
o
n
.
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
84
I
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
f
r
o
m
L
i
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
(
2
3
P
a
.
C
.
S
.
§
6
3
1
8
)
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
c)
P
r
e
s
u
m
p
t
i
o
n
o
f
g
o
o
d
f
a
i
t
h
-
-
F
o
r
t
h
e
p
u
r
p
o
s
e
o
f
a
n
y
c
i
v
i
l
o
r
c
r
i
m
i
n
a
l
p
r
o
c
e
e
d
i
n
g
,
t
h
e
g
o
o
d
f
a
i
t
h
o
f
a
p
e
r
s
o
n
r
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q
u
i
r
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d
t
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p
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s
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s
p
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c
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d
a
b
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u
i
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k
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f
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d
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e
P
A
C
P
S
L
s
h
a
l
l
b
e
p
r
e
s
u
m
e
d
.
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
85
P
r
o
t
e
c
t
i
o
n
f
r
o
m
E
m
p
l
o
y
m
e
n
t
D
i
s
c
r
i
m
i
n
a
t
i
o
n
(
2
3
P
a
.
C
.
S
.
§
6
3
2
0
)
a)
B
a
s
i
s
f
o
r
r
e
l
i
e
f
-
-
A
p
e
r
s
o
n
m
a
y
c
o
m
m
e
n
c
e
a
n
a
c
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
a
p
p
r
o
p
r
i
a
t
e
r
e
l
i
e
f
i
f
a
l
l
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
a
p
p
l
y
:
1)
The person is required to report suspected child abuse or encouraged to
report suspected child abuse.
2)
The person acted in good faith in making or causing the report of
suspected child abuse to be made.
3)
As a result of making the report of suspected child abuse, the person is
discharged from employment or is discriminated against with respect to
compensation, hire, tenure, terms, conditions, or privileges of
employment.
b)
A
p
p
l
i
c
a
b
i
l
i
t
y
–
T
h
i
s
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
d
o
e
s
n
o
t
a
p
p
l
y
t
o
a
n
i
n
d
i
v
i
d
u
a
l
m
a
k
i
n
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r
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p
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r
t
o
f
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p
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c
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d
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l
d
a
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o
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p
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t
o
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n
y
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d
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a
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l
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k
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p
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p
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c
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c
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l
d
a
b
u
s
e
a
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r
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q
u
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r
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d
a
n
d
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u
b
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t
o
c
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f
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r
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a
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l
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t
o
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p
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t
o
r
t
o
r
e
f
e
r
.
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
86
P
e
n
a
l
t
i
e
s
(
2
3
P
a
.
C
.
S
.
§
6
3
1
9
)
a)
F
a
i
l
u
r
e
t
o
r
e
p
o
r
t
o
r
r
e
f
e
r
-
-
1)
A person or official required by the PA CPSL to report a case of suspected
child abuse or to make a referral to the appropriate authorities commits an
offense if the person or official willfully fails to do so.
2)
An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree if:
i.
The person or official willfully fails to report;
ii.
The child abuse constitutes a felony of the first degree or higher; and
iii.
The person or official has direct knowledge of the nature of the abuse.
3)
An offense not otherwise specified in paragraph (2) above is a
misdemeanor of the second degree.
4)
A report of suspected child abuse to law enforcement or the appropriate
county agency by a mandated reporter, made in lieu of a report to DHS,
shall not constitute an offense under this subsection, provided that the
report was made in a good faith effort to comply with the requirements of
the PA CPSL.
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
87
P
e
n
a
l
t
i
e
s
(
2
3
P
a
.
C
.
S
.
§
6
3
1
9
)
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
b)
C
o
n
t
i
n
u
i
n
g
c
o
u
r
s
e
o
f
a
c
t
i
o
n
-
-
I
f
a
p
e
r
s
o
n
'
s
w
i
l
l
f
u
l
f
a
i
l
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r
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t
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p
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t
a
n
i
n
d
i
v
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p
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o
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c
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p
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'
s
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p
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a
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o
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m
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…
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x
c
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p
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.
c)
M
u
l
t
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p
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o
f
f
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s
-
-
A
p
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c
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p
t
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a
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,
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f
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h
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b
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c
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a
f
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l
o
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y
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f
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d
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o
r
h
i
g
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e
r
,
t
h
e
p
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a
l
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f
o
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s
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c
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q
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f
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h
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s
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c
o
n
d
d
e
g
r
e
e
.
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
88
P
e
n
a
l
t
i
e
s
(
2
3
P
a
.
C
.
S
.
§
6
3
1
9
)
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
d)
S
t
a
t
u
t
e
o
f
l
i
m
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
-
-
T
h
e
s
t
a
t
u
t
e
o
f
l
i
m
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
a
n
o
f
f
e
n
s
e
u
n
d
e
r
t
h
i
s
s
e
c
t
i
o
n
s
h
a
l
l
b
e
e
i
t
h
e
r
t
h
e
s
t
a
t
u
t
e
o
f
l
i
m
i
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
t
h
e
c
r
i
m
e
c
o
m
m
i
t
t
e
d
a
g
a
i
n
s
t
t
h
e
m
i
n
o
r
c
h
i
l
d
o
r
f
i
v
e
y
e
a
r
s
,
w
h
i
c
h
e
v
e
r
i
s
g
r
e
a
t
e
r
.
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
89
I
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
o
f
R
e
p
o
r
t
s
(
2
3
P
a
.
C
.
S
.
§
6
3
1
9
)
h)
N
o
t
i
c
e
t
o
m
a
n
d
a
t
e
d
r
e
p
o
r
t
e
r
-
-
I
f
a
r
e
p
o
r
t
w
a
s
m
a
d
e
b
y
a
m
a
n
d
a
t
e
d
r
e
p
o
r
t
e
r
,
D
H
S
s
h
a
l
l
n
o
t
i
f
y
t
h
e
m
a
n
d
a
t
e
d
r
e
p
o
r
t
e
r
w
h
o
m
a
d
e
t
h
e
r
e
p
o
r
t
o
f
s
u
s
p
e
c
t
e
d
c
h
i
l
d
a
b
u
s
e
o
f
a
l
l
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
w
i
t
h
i
n
t
h
r
e
e
(
3
)
b
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
d
a
y
s
o
f
D
H
S
'
s
r
e
c
e
i
p
t
o
f
t
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
o
f
t
h
e
i
n
v
e
s
t
i
g
a
t
i
o
n
:
1)
Whether the child abuse report is founded, indicated, or unfounded.
2)
Any services provided, arranged for, or to be provided by the county
agency to protect the child.
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
90
T
h
e
C
h
i
l
d
W
e
l
f
a
r
e
P
o
r
t
a
l
Homepage
•
To create an account, click the <create individual account> button and follow
the prompts.
•
If you already have a login, click the <individual login> button.
N
e
e
d
H
e
l
p
?
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
t
h
e
C
W
I
S
Support Center at 1-877-343-0494.
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
91
T
h
e
C
h
i
l
d
W
e
l
f
a
r
e
P
o
r
t
a
l
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
Create Keystone ID
•
When creating a new account, the
reporter will see the “Citizen
Registration page.”
•
The reporter should read this page
and then click <next>.
N
e
e
d
H
e
l
p
?
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
t
h
e
C
W
I
S
Support Center at 1-877-343-0494.
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
92
T
h
e
C
h
i
l
d
W
e
l
f
a
r
e
P
o
r
t
a
l
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
Create Keystone ID
•
Input the required information
about the reporter and click on
<finish>
N
e
e
d
H
e
l
p
?
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
t
h
e
C
W
I
S
Support Center at 1-877-343-0494.
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
93
T
h
e
C
h
i
l
d
W
e
l
f
a
r
e
P
o
r
t
a
l
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
Create Keystone ID
•
A temporary password will be sent
to the e-mail address that the
reporter provided during the initial
set-up process.
•
Note: The temporary password will
be used the first time the reporter
logs in and then they will be asked
to create a new password.
N
e
e
d
H
e
l
p
?
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
t
h
e
C
W
I
S
Support Center at 1-877-343-0494.
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
94
T
h
e
C
h
i
l
d
W
e
l
f
a
r
e
P
o
r
t
a
l
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
Keystone Key Sign-In
•
Enter the new or existing
username and password
•
Note: If you login incorrectly five
times, you will be locked out and
will need to wait 30 minutes to
reset your password.
N
e
e
d
H
e
l
p
?
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
t
h
e
C
W
I
S
Support Center at 1-877-343-0494.
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
95
T
h
e
C
h
i
l
d
W
e
l
f
a
r
e
P
o
r
t
a
l
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
What Would You Like To Do Today?
•
Access my clearances
•
Access my referrals
(use this option to report suspected
child abuse)
N
e
e
d
H
e
l
p
?
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
t
h
e
C
W
I
S
Support Center at 1-877-343-0494.
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
96
T
h
e
C
h
i
l
d
W
e
l
f
a
r
e
P
o
r
t
a
l
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
“Learn More”
•
This page provides general
information about the child welfare
portal and the process.
•
Once you have reviewed this
information, click <continue> at
the bottom right.
N
e
e
d
H
e
l
p
?
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
t
h
e
C
W
I
S
Support Center at 1-877-343-0494.
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
97
T
h
e
C
h
i
l
d
W
e
l
f
a
r
e
P
o
r
t
a
l
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
My Abuse Referrals
•
Create a new referral
•
View previous referrals
•
Edit or delete previously saved,
non-submitted referrals
•
Manage Your Organization
Note: Organization information must
be updated annually. The system will
prompt the user to review and
update/confirm data.
N
e
e
d
H
e
l
p
?
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
t
h
e
C
W
I
S
Support Center at 1-877-343-0494.
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
98
T
h
e
C
h
i
l
d
W
e
l
f
a
r
e
P
o
r
t
a
l
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
Manage Organization Profile
•
This will provide a list of
organizations that the reporter has
submitted referrals for.
•
The reporter is required to select
an organization before a new
referral can be submitted.
–
Click on <add>.
–
If it is a new organization,
organization information must
be added.
N
e
e
d
H
e
l
p
?
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
t
h
e
C
W
I
S
Support Center at 1-877-343-0494.
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
99
T
h
e
C
h
i
l
d
W
e
l
f
a
r
e
P
o
r
t
a
l
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
Getting Started
•
This page comes up when the
reporter clicks on the <Create
Referral> tab from the Referral
Account Overview Page.
•
This page provides general
information to prepare the reporter.
N
e
e
d
H
e
l
p
?
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
t
h
e
C
W
I
S
Support Center at 1-877-343-0494.
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
100
T
h
e
C
h
i
l
d
W
e
l
f
a
r
e
P
o
r
t
a
l
(
c
o
n
t
.
)
Mandated Reporter Definition
•
Mandated reporters are to read
this page and indicate that they
understand and acknowledge their
role.
N
e
e
d
H
e
l
p
?
C
o
n
t
a
c
t
t
h
e
C
W
I
S
Support Center at 1-877-343-0494.
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
101
T
h
e
C
h
i
l
d
W
e
l
f
a
r
e
P
o
r
t
a
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Reporter Details
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This page captures the information
about the reporter.
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You will see navigation controls
along the left side throughout the
referral process.
Note: The reporter must visit the pages in
sequential order initially. After initial
review, then the reporter can use these
buttons as shortcuts to navigate to
various pages.
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Contact Information
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Anytime during the referral
process, the reporter can add
contact information. The contact
information box will appear. The
reporter will add the data and click
the <save> button.
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Victim Details
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This page captures basic information about
the alleged victim.
Note: Even if the full name of the alleged victim is
not known, the reporter should input what they
know; however, the <Full Name Unknown> box
must be checked.
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Household Member Details
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This page captures basic information
on all household members (to include
parents/guardians).
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Reporters can indicate a household
member as the alleged perpetrator
here.
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Parent/Guardian Details
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This page captures the basic
information of the parent/guardian.
•
Reports should indicate if a
parent/guardian is an alleged
perpetrator
Note: Click on <add parent guardian> to
add information. The information will then
come up in a grid format.
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Other Person Responsible Details
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This page allows the reporter to
provide basic information on any
other person that was responsible
for the welfare and safety of the
child.
Note: Reporters can indicate if any of the
“other persons responsible” were the
alleged perpetrator.
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Alleged Perpetrator Details
•
This page captures basic information
about the alleged perpetrator
(multiple perpetrators can be added).
Note: If an individual(s) has already been
identified as the alleged perpetrator, their
basic information will prefill here.
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Alleged Abuse Details
•
Information regarding the alleged
abuse is entered on this page.
•
This page is also where the
reporter will specify where signs of
abuse were viewable via the
interactive body diagram.
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Alleged Abuse Details
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The reporter can click on the
location of the body where the
abuse occurred or use the
dropdown menu.
•
The reporter must specify the
injury type and the alleged
perpetrator who caused the injury.
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Safety Concerns
•
The reporter answers questions
regarding the child’s safety.
•
The data on this page is used to
evaluate the risk or dangers that
may affect the child.
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Actions Taken
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This page will display a list of
actions already taken to ensure
the immediate health and safety of
the child.
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Additional Information
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This page gives the reporter the
option to enter any data not already
gathered in previous screens.
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Referral Summary
•
This page summarizes all information
captured on the referral.
•
A reporter can and should make edits
to the referral prior to submission.
Note: If you click the <edit> button, the
system will take you back to the page where
the information was originally entered.
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eSignature
•
This page is where the reporter will
sign the referral prior to submitting.
•
Once the reporter has made all
necessary edits and signed the
referral, the reporter needs to click
the <submit referral> button.
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Copy This Referral
•
After submitting the referral, there’s an
option to create a copy of the referral if
there is another alleged victim in the
same household.
•
Click on <copy & Submit>
•
The reporter can continue this referral
for up to 6 months.
Note: the reporter will receive a reminder
every day that the referral remains
unsubmitted.
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Submission Confirmation
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Once the reporter clicks on the
<copy & submit> or <do not copy &
submit>, the referral is sent to
ChildLine.
Note: One of two system generated e-
mails will be received. (1) a submission
confirmation or (2) a referral update
notification.
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When a county agency or law enforcement receives a referral/report, the
county agency or law enforcement official is to notify DHS after ensuring the
immediate safety of the child and any other child(ren) in the child's home.
•
When ChildLine receives a referral/report, ChildLine will immediately
evaluate and transmit the information to the appropriate agency for
assessment or investigation.
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
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Referral to county agency
(CPS)
– If the suspected child abuse is alleged to
have been committed by a perpetrator, ChildLine will transmit the information
to the county agency where the suspected child abuse is alleged to have
occurred for investigation of the allegation(s).
•
Referral to county agency and law enforcement officials
(LEO)
– If the
suspected child abuse is alleged to have been committed by a perpetrator
and the behavior constituting the suspected child abuse may include a
violation of a criminal offense, ChildLine will transmit the information to the
appropriate law enforcement official in the county where the suspected child
abuse is alleged to have occurred for a joint investigation of the allegation(s).
Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
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Referral to law enforcement officials only (LEO)
– If the person suspected of
committing child abuse is not a perpetrator but the behavior constituting the
suspected child abuse may include a violation of a criminal offense, ChildLine
will transmit the information to the appropriate law enforcement official in the
county where the suspected child abuse is alleged to have occurred for
investigation of the allegation(s).
•
Referral to county agency (GPS)
– If the referral/report does not suggest the
child is in need of protective services but suggests the child is in need of
other services, ChildLine will transmit the information to the appropriate
county agency for assessment of the needs of the child.
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You must compose case/reporting scenarios which present an example of a
case scenario and test your audience’s comprehension of the appropriate
course of action.
*see notes section associated with this slide for more guidance*
120
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Q
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In addition to the case/reporting scenarios described on the previous slide,
you must compose questions to test your audience’s comprehension of your
training material.
*see notes section associated with this slide for more guidance*
121
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S
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Sources
123
•
23 Pa.C.S. Chapter 63 (Child Protective Services)
•
Section 103 of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (114 Stat. 1466,
22 U.S.C. § 7102)
•
18 Pa.C.S. CRIMES AND OFFENSES
•
DHS Keep Kids Safe website
•
The Child Welfare Portal
•
42 Pa.C.S. JUDICIARY AND JUDICIAL PROCEDURE
•
42 Pa.C.S. Ch. 97 Subch. H (relating to registration of sexual offenders)
Tips & Recommendations:
•
Ensure sources are recent/current.
•
Include direct hyperlinks to sources.
•
Provide the appropriate source/citation for the information covered on each
slide or with a chunk of information as appropriate – e.g., definition of child
abuse: 23 Pa.C.S.§6303(b.1) – in addition to providing a list of the sources
you use (see “Relevant Resources” in the Notes sections for each slide,
which lists relevant sections of the CPSL and any additional law mentioned
on the slide).
Suggested Outline:
Recognizing and Reporting Suspected Child Abuse in Pennsylvania
I. Course Overview
A. Agenda/Outline
B. Learning Objectives
C. Targeted/Intended Audience
D. Approval(s)/Credit
E. Delivery/Navigation
F. Materials
G. Disclaimers
II. Child Welfare in Pennsylvania
A. Brief History
B. Data/Statistics
C. The Pennsylvania Child Protective Services Law (CPSL)
i. General Purpose
ii. Recent Amendments
A. The Pennsylvania Child Welfare System
i. Child Protective Services (CPS) vs. General Protective Services (GPS)
III. Mandatory Notification of Substance Exposed Infants by Health Care Providers & Plan of Safe Care
IV. Recognizing Suspected Child Abuse
A. Key Components of Child Abuse
B. Perpetrator
C. Categories & Indicators of Child Abuse
D. Exclusions from Child Abuse
V. Reporting Suspected Child Abuse
A. Reasonable Cause to Suspect
B. Persons Encouraged to Report Suspected Child Abuse
C. Persons Required to Report Suspected Child Abuse
i. Mandated Reporters
ii. Basis to Report
iii. Staff Members of Institutions, etc.
A. Privileged Communications
A. General Rule
B. Confidential Communications
A. Reporting Procedure
A. Report by Mandated Reporter
B. Contents of Report
E. Applicability of Mental Health Procedures Act
A. Statewide Toll-Free Telephone Number
B. Electronic Reporting
B. Confirmation of Reports
A. Immunity from Liability
A. General Rule
B. Department and County Agency Immunity
C. Presumption of Good Faith
A. Protection from Employment Discrimination
A. Basis for relief
B. Applicability
A. Penalties
A. Failure to Report or Refer
B. Continuing Course of Action
C. Multiple Offenses
D. Statute of Limitations
A. Investigation of Reports
H. Notice to mandated reporter
A. The Child Welfare Portal
B. After the Referral or Report is Made
VI. Case/Reporting Scenarios
VII. Quiz Questions
VIII. Resources
4/6/2023
This training session on recognizing and reporting suspected child abuse in Pennsylvania provides essential information and guidelines for mandated reporters and individuals seeking to protect children. The course covers topics such as identifying child abuse, reporting procedures, roles and responsibilities, and penalties for non-compliance. Valuable resources and scenarios are also included to enhance learning and understanding.
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Recognizing and Reporting Suspected Child Abuse in Pennsylvania [Name of Your Agency/Organization] 4/6/2023 1
Introduction Suggestion: Introduce the presenter(s). Provide your agency/organization s contact information (e.g., email address, phone number, link to website) in which participants can contact if they have questions related to the course such as navigating the course, obtaining their Certificate of Completion, etc. Introduce your agency/organization. Provide the link to our Trainings page, on our Keep Kids Safe website https://www.dhs.pa.gov/KeepKidsSafe/Pages/Trainings.aspx. 2 7/27/2024
Course Overview 4/6/2023 3
Course Overview Suggestion: Agenda/Outline I. Recognizing and Reporting Suspected Child Abuse in Pennsylvania A. Course Overview B. Child Welfare in Pennsylvania C. Mandatory Notification of Substance Exposed Infants by Health Care Providers & Plan of Safe Care D. Recognizing Suspected Child Abuse E. Reporting Suspected Child Abuse F. Case/Reporting Scenarios G. Quiz Questions H. Sources *see notes section associated with this slide for more guidance* 4 7/27/2024
Course Overview Suggestion: Learning Objectives Should cover the Key Takeaways (*see notes section associated with this slide*) and be worded in a way that reflects what the audience will learn, such as: Definition/categories of child abuse as outlined in the PA CPSL Common indicators of suspected child abuse Roles and responsibilities for persons required to report suspected child abuse (mandated reporters) Requirements and procedures for reporting suspected child abuse Penalties for mandated reporters who willfully fail to report suspected child abuse 5 7/27/2024
Course Overview Suggestion: Targeted/Intended Audience Provide a brief description of the targeted/intended audience, such as: Mandated reporters Mandated reporters Mandated and permissive reporters Individuals seeking or renewing licensure in Pennsylvania School staff, school contractors, school volunteers Healthcare professionals Mental health professionals 6 7/27/2024
Course Overview Suggestion: Approval(s)/Credit Number of credit hours three (3) hours or two (2) hours Indicate training approval(s) and relevant requirements completing your training will fulfill, such as: This training is approved by the Pennsylvania Department of Human Services (DHS) in accordance with 23 Pa.C.S. 6383 (relating to education and training). Note: Those applying for initial licensure/certification under the jurisdiction of DOS must take a 3-hour training approved by DHS. This training is approved by the Pennsylvania Department of State (DOS) in accordance with Act 31 of 2014 for professional licensees. Note: Those renewing licensure/certification under the jurisdiction of DOS must take at least two (2) hours of training jointly approved by DHS and DOS. This training is approved by the Pennsylvania Department of Education (PDE) in accordance with Act 126 of 2012 [(if applicable) for Act 48 CE credit]. Any other relevant requirements completing your training will fulfill 7 7/27/2024
Course Overview Suggestion: Delivery/Navigation Method(s) of delivery, such as: Online In-person Self-study Live How to navigate through the training/presentation, especially if it is online. 8 7/27/2024
Course Overview Suggestion: Materials Any and all materials associated with the curriculum, such as: PowerPoint presentation Hyperlinks Videos Handouts, such as: Glossary for supplementary definitions Pre-test questions Case scenario questions Post-test questions 9 7/27/2024
Course Overview Suggestion: Disclaimers Discuss any additional information or disclaimers you feel are pertinent prior to starting the training, such as: If a participant would want a copy of their Certificate of Completion. They need to contact your agency/organization directly, as your agency/organization is required to maintain all participant records. Note: If your agency/organization is seeking DOS approval: In accordance with DOS standards, your agency/organization is required to electronically forward a participant s information to DOS for the participant to receive credit toward licensure or certification. Participants should contact their licensing board directly to confirm receipt. If a participant s licensing board did not receive confirmation they completed the course, the participant may need to forward their information and their Certificate of Completion to their licensing board directly. 10 7/27/2024
Child Welfare in Pennsylvania 4/6/2023 11
Child Welfare in Pennsylvania Suggestion: Brief history of child welfare in Pennsylvania Data/statistics specific to Pennsylvania *Please provide the source(s)/appropriate citation(s)* 12 7/27/2024
Child Welfare in Pennsylvania The Pennsylvania Child Protective Services Law (CPSL) The Pennsylvania Child Protective Services Law (CPSL) (23 Pa.C.S. Chapter 63, Child Protective Services) was established in 1975 to protect children from abuse, allow the opportunity for healthy growth and development, and preserve and stabilize the family whenever possible. The PA CPSL does not restrict the generally recognized existing rights of parents to use reasonable supervision and control when raising their children. Recent amendments relevant to child abuse recognition and reporting: Act 115 of 2016 (relating to human trafficking) Act 54 of 2018 (relating to notification of substance-exposed infants by healthcare providers & plan of safe care) Act 88 of 2019 (relating to penalties for failure to report or refer) 13 7/27/2024
Child Welfare in Pennsylvania The Pennsylvania Child Welfare System The Pennsylvania child welfare system is state-supervised and county- administered. County children-and-youth agencies (CCYAs) have two main functions: 1. Child Protective Services (CPS) services and activities provided by DHS and each county agency for child abuse cases 2. General Protective Services (GPS) services and activities provided by each county agency for cases requiring protective services as defined by DHS in regulations 14 7/27/2024
Child Welfare in Pennsylvania The Pennsylvania Child Welfare System (cont.) County children-and-youth agencies (CCYAs) have two main functions: 1. Child Protective Services (CPS) services and activities provided by DHS and each county agency for child abuse cases (cont.) Cases identified as CPS require an investigation because the alleged act or failure to act meets the definition of child abuse. The PA CPSL recognizes 10 separate categories of child abuse. Examples of CPS Cases -- Causing bodily injury to a child through any recent act or failure to act Causing sexual abuse or exploitation of a child through any act or failure to act Creating a reasonable likelihood of bodily injury to a child through any recent act or failure to act Creating a likelihood of sexual abuse or exploitation of a child through any recent act or failure to act 15 7/27/2024
Child Welfare in Pennsylvania The Pennsylvania Child Welfare System (cont.) County children-and-youth agencies (CCYAs) have two main functions: 1. Child Protective Services (CPS) services and activities provided by DHS and each county agency for child abuse cases Examples of CPS Cases -- (cont.) Fabricating, feigning or intentionally exaggerating or inducing a medical symptom or disease which results in a potentially harmful medical evaluation or treatment to the child through any recent act Causing or substantially contributing to serious mental injury to a child through any act or failure to act or a series of such acts or failures to act Causing serious physical neglect of a child Engaging in a specific recent per se act Causing the death of the child through any act or failure to act Engaging a child in a severe form of trafficking in persons or sex trafficking 16 7/27/2024
Child Welfare in Pennsylvania The Pennsylvania Child Welfare System (cont.) County children-and-youth agencies (CCYAs) have two main functions: 2. General Protective Services (GPS) services and activities provided by each county agency for cases requiring protective services Cases identified as GPS require an assessment for services and supports. In these cases, the alleged act or failure to act may not meet the definition of child abuse but is still detrimental to a child. The primary purpose of GPS is to protect the rights and welfare of children so that they have an opportunity for healthy growth and development. 17 7/27/2024
Child Welfare in Pennsylvania The Pennsylvania Child Welfare System (cont.) County children-and-youth agencies (CCYAs) have two main functions: 2. General Protective Services (GPS) services and activities provided by each county agency for cases requiring protective services Examples of GPS Cases -- Services to prevent the potential for harm to a child who meets one of the following conditions: (cont.) Is without parental care or control, subsistence, education as required by law, or other care or control necessary for their physical, mental, or emotional health or morals Has been placed for care or adoption in violation of law Has been abandoned by their parents, guardian, or other custodian Is without a parent, guardian, or legal custodian Is habitually and without justification truant from school while subject to compulsory school attendance Is under 10 years of age and has committed a delinquent act 18 7/27/2024
Child Welfare in Pennsylvania The Pennsylvania Child Welfare System (cont.) County children-and-youth agencies (CCYAs) have two main functions: 2. General Protective Services (GPS) services and activities provided by each county agency for cases requiring protective services Examples of GPS Cases -- Services to prevent the potential for harm to a child who meets one of the following conditions: (cont.) Has committed a specific act of habitual disobedience of the reasonable and lawful commands of their parent, guardian, or other custodian and who is ungovernable and found to be in need of care, treatment, or supervision Has been formerly adjudicated dependent under section 6341 of the Juvenile Act (relating to adjudication) and is under the jurisdiction of the court, subject to its conditions or placements, and who commits an act which is ungovernable Has been referred under section 6323 of the Juvenile Act (relating to informal adjustment) and who commits an act which is ungovernable 19 7/27/2024
Mandatory Notification of Substance Exposed Infants by Health Care Providers & Plan of Safe Care (Act 54 of 2018) 4/6/2023 20
Act 54 of 2018 Mandatory Notification of Substance Exposed Infants by Health Care Providers A health care provider shall immediately give notice or cause notice to be given to DHS if the provider is involved in the delivery or care of a child under one year of age and the health care provider has determined, based on standards of professional practice, the child was born affected by: substance use or withdrawal symptoms resulting from prenatal drug exposure; or a Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. Notification to DHS can be made to ChildLine, electronically through the Child Welfare Portal or by calling 1-800-932-0313. This notification is for the purpose of assessing a child and the child's family for a Plan of Safe Care and shall not constitute a child abuse report. 21 7/27/2024
Act 54 of 2018 Mandatory Notification of Substance Exposed Infants by Health Care Providers (cont.) Health care provider a licensed hospital or health care facility or person who is licensed, certified, or otherwise regulated to provide health care services under the laws of this Commonwealth, including a: physician podiatrist optometrist psychologist physical therapist certified nurse practitioner registered nurse nurse midwife physician s assistant chiropractor dentist pharmacist; or an individual accredited or certified to provide behavioral health services 22 7/27/2024
Act 54 of 2018 Plan of Safe Care (cont.) After notification of a child born affected by substance use or withdrawal symptoms resulting from prenatal drug exposure or a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: A multidisciplinary team meeting must be held prior to the child's discharge from the health care facility. The meeting will inform an assessment of the needs of the child and the child s parents and immediate caregivers to determine the most appropriate lead agency for developing, implementing, and monitoring a Plan of Safe Care. The child's parents and immediate caregivers must be engaged to identify the need for access to treatment for any substance use disorder or other physical or behavioral health condition that may impact the safety, early childhood development, and well-being of the child. Depending upon the needs of the child and parent(s)/caregiver(s), ongoing involvement of the county agency may not be required. 23 7/27/2024
Act 54 of 2018 Plan of Safe Care (cont.) Multidisciplinary Team for the purpose of informing the Plan of Safe Care, may include: Public health agencies; Maternal and child health agencies; Home visitation programs; Substance use disorder prevention and treatment providers; Mental health providers; Public and private children and youth agencies: Early intervention and developmental services; Courts; Local education agencies Managed care organizations and private insurers; and Hospitals and medical providers. 24 7/27/2024
Recognizing Child Abuse 4/6/2023 25
Recognizing Child Abuse Key Components of Child Abuse Child: An individual under 18 years of age Recent act; Act or failure to act; Recent act or failure to act; Series of Acts or Failures to act Act: Something that is done to harm or cause potential harm to a child Failure to act: Something that is NOT done to prevent harm or potential harm to a child Recent act: Any act committed within two years of the date of the report to DHS or county agency Recent act or failure to act: Any act or failure to act committed within two (2) years of the date of the report to DHS or county agency Intentionally, Knowingly, or Recklessly Intentionally: Done with the direct purpose of causing the type of harm that resulted Knowingly: Awareness that harm is practically certain to result Recklessly: Conscious disregard of substantial and unjustifiable risk 26 7/27/2024
Recognizing Child Abuse Perpetrator An individual who has committed child abuse as defined under section 6303(b.1) of the PA CPSL. NOTE: Nothing under the PA CPSL requires a person who has reasonable cause to suspect a child is a victim of child abuse to identify the person responsible for the child abuse in order to make a report of suspected child abuse. 27 7/27/2024
Recognizing Child Abuse Perpetrator (cont.) The term includes only the following: A parent of the child A spouse or former spouse of the child s parent A paramour or former paramour of the child s parent An individual 14 years of age or older who is responsible for the child s welfare or has direct contact with children as an employee of childcare services, a school, or through a program, activity, or service An individual 14 years of age or older who resides in the same home as the child An individual 18 years of age or older who does not reside in the same home as the child but is related within the third degree of consanguinity or affinity by birth or adoption to the child An individual 18 years of age or older who engages a child in severe forms of trafficking in persons or sex trafficking 28 7/27/2024
Recognizing Child Abuse Perpetrator (cont.) Only the following may be considered a perpetrator for failing to act: A parent of the child A spouse or former spouse of the child s parent A paramour or former paramour of the child s parent An individual 18 years of age or older who is responsible for the child's welfare An individual 18 years of age or older who resides in the same home as the child 29 7/27/2024
Recognizing Child Abuse Categories & Indicators of Child Abuse Child abuse: Intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly doing any of the following: 1) Causing bodily injury to a child through any recent act or failure to act 2) Fabricating, feigning, or intentionally exaggerating or inducing a medical symptom or disease which results in a potentially harmful medical evaluation or treatment to the child through any recent act 3) Causing or substantially contributing to serious mental injury to a child through any act or failure to act or a series of such acts or failures to act 4) Causing sexual abuse or exploitation of a child through any act or failure to act 5) Creating a reasonable likelihood of bodily injury to a child through any recent act or failure to act 6) Creating a likelihood of sexual abuse or exploitation of a child through any recent act or failure to act 7) Causing serious physical neglect of a child 8) Causing the death of the child through any act or failure to act 30 7/27/2024
Recognizing Child Abuse Categories & Indicators of Child Abuse (cont.) Child abuse: Intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly doing any of the following: 9) Engaging a child in a severe form of trafficking in persons or sex trafficking, as those terms are defined under section 103 of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 10)Engaging in any of the following recent per se acts: i. Kicking, biting, throwing, burning, stabbing, or cutting a child in a manner that endangers the child ii. Unreasonably restraining or confining a child based on consideration of the method, location, or the duration of the restraint or confinement iii. Forcefully shaking a child under one year of age iv. Forcefully slapping or otherwise striking a child under one year of age v. Interfering with the breathing of a child vi. Causing a child to be present at a location while a violation of 18 Pa.C.S. 7508.2 (relating to operation of methamphetamine laboratory) is occurring, provided the violation is being investigated by law enforcement 31 7/27/2024
Recognizing Child Abuse Categories & Indicators of Child Abuse (cont.) Child abuse: Intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly doing any of the following: 10)Engaging in any of the following recent per se acts (cont.): vii. Leaving a child unsupervised with an individual, other than the child's parent, who the actor knows or reasonably should have known: A. Is required to register as a Tier II or Tier III sexual offender under 42 Pa.C.S. Ch. 97 Subch. H (relating to registration of sexual offenders), where the victim of the sexual offense was under 18 years of age when the crime was committed B. Has been determined to be a sexually violent predator under 42 Pa.C.S. 9799.24 (relating to assessments) or any of its predecessors C. Has been determined to be a sexually violent delinquent child as defined in 42 Pa.C.S. 9799.12 (relating to definitions) D. Has been determined to be a sexually violent predator under 42 Pa.C.S. 9799.58 (relating to assessments) or has to register for life under 42 Pa.C.S. 9799.55(b) (relating to registration) 32 7/27/2024
Recognizing Child Abuse Categories & Indicators of Child Abuse (cont.) Bodily injury: Impairment of physical condition or substantial pain Impairment: If, due to the injury, the child s ability to function is reduced temporarily or permanently in any way Substantial pain: If the child experiences what a reasonable person believes to be substantial pain 33 7/27/2024
Recognizing Child Abuse Categories & Indicators of Child Abuse (cont.) Bodily injury (cont.) Indicators: Fear of going home Fear of parent or caregiver Extreme apprehensiveness/vigilance Pronounced aggression or passivity Flinches easily or avoids being touched Play includes abusive talk or behavior Unexplained injuries Unbelievable or inconsistent explanations of injuries Injuries inconsistent with a child s age/developmental level Unable to recall how injuries occurred or account of injuries is inconsistent with the nature of the injuries Multiple bruises in various stages of healing Bruises located on face, ears, neck, buttocks, back, chest, thighs, back of legs, and genitalia Bruises that resemble objects such as a hand, fist, belt buckle, or rope Burns 34 7/27/2024
Recognizing Child Abuse Categories & Indicators of Child Abuse (cont.) Bodily injury (cont.) Suggestion: At-Risk Youth Populations: *please provide a source/citation* 35 7/27/2024
Recognizing Child Abuse Categories & Indicators of Child Abuse (cont.) Serious mental injury: A psychological condition, as diagnosed by a physician or licensed psychologist, including the refusal of appropriate treatment, that: Renders a child chronically and severely anxious, agitated, depressed, socially withdrawn, psychotic, or in reasonable fear that the child's life or safety is threatened; or Seriously interferes with a child's ability to accomplish age-appropriate developmental and social tasks. 36 7/27/2024
Recognizing Child Abuse Categories & Indicators of Child Abuse (cont.) Serious mental injury (cont.) Indicators: Expressing feelings of inadequacy Fearful of trying new things Overly compliant Poor peer relationships Excessive dependence on adults Habit disorders (sucking, rocking, etc.) Eating disorders Frequent psychosomatic complaints (nausea, stomachache, headache, etc.) Bed-wetting Self-harm Speech disorders 37 7/27/2024
Recognizing Child Abuse Categories & Indicators of Child Abuse (cont.) Serious mental injury (cont.) Suggestion: At-Risk Youth Populations: *please provide a source/citation* 38 7/27/2024
Recognizing Child Abuse Categories & Indicators of Child Abuse (cont.) Serious physical neglect: Any of the following when committed by a perpetrator that endangers a child's life or health, threatens a child's well- being, causes bodily injury, or impairs a child's health, development, or functioning: A repeated, prolonged or egregious failure to supervise a child in a manner that is appropriate considering the child's developmental age and abilities The failure to provide a child with adequate essentials of life, including food, shelter, or medical care 39 7/27/2024
Recognizing Child Abuse Categories & Indicators of Child Abuse (cont.) Serious physical neglect (cont.) Indicators: Not registered in school Inadequate or inappropriate supervision Poor impulse control Frequently fatigued Parentified behaviors Lack of adequate medical and dental care Often hungry Lack of shelter Weight is significantly lower than normal for age and gender Developmental delays Persistent (untreated) conditions (e.g., head lice, diaper rash) Exposure to hazards (e.g., illegal drugs, rodent/insect infestation, mold) Clothing that is dirty, inappropriate for the weather, too small, or too large 40 7/27/2024
Recognizing Child Abuse Categories & Indicators of Child Abuse (cont.) Serious physical neglect (cont.) Suggestion: At-Risk Youth Populations: *please provide a source/citation* 41 7/27/2024
Recognizing Child Abuse Categories & Indicators of Child Abuse (cont.) Sexual abuse or exploitation: The employment, use, persuasion, inducement, enticement, or coercion of a child to engage in or assist another individual to engage in sexually explicit conduct, which includes, but is not limited to, the following: Looking at the sexual or other intimate parts of a child or another individual for the purpose of arousing or gratifying sexual desire in any individual Participating in sexually explicit conversation either in person, by telephone, by computer, or by a computer-aided device for the purpose of sexual stimulation or gratification of any individual Actual or simulated sexual activity or nudity for the purpose of sexual stimulation or gratification of any individual Actual or simulated sexual activity for the purpose of producing visual depiction, including photographing, videotaping, computer depicting, or filming 42 7/27/2024
Recognizing Child Abuse Categories & Indicators of Child Abuse (cont.) Sexual abuse or exploitation: The employment, use, persuasion, inducement, enticement, or coercion of a child to engage in or assist another individual to engage in sexually explicit conduct, which includes, but is not limited to, the following: (cont.) This does not include consensual activities between a child who is 14 years of age or older and another person who is 14 years of age or older and whose age is within four years of the child's age. 43 7/27/2024
Recognizing Child Abuse Categories & Indicators of Child Abuse (cont.) Sexual abuse or exploitation (cont.): Any of the following when committed against a child: Rape as defined in 18 Pa.C.S. 3121 Statutory sexual assault as defined in 18 Pa.C.S. 3122.1 Involuntary deviate sexual intercourse as defined in 18 Pa.C.S. 3123 Sexual assault as defined in 18 Pa.C.S. 3124.1 Institutional sexual assault as defined in 18 Pa.C.S. 3124.2 Aggravated indecent assault as defined in 18 Pa.C.S. 3125 Indecent assault as defined in 18 Pa.C.S. 3126 Indecent exposure as defined in 18 Pa.C.S. 3127 Incest as defined in 18 Pa.C.S. 4302 Prostitution as defined in 18 Pa.C.S. 5902 44 7/27/2024
Recognizing Child Abuse Categories & Indicators of Child Abuse (cont.) Sexual abuse or exploitation (cont.) Indicators: Sexually promiscuous Cruelty to others Cruelty to animals Fire setting Anxious Withdrawn Sleep disturbances Bedwetting Pain or irritation in genital/anal area Difficulty walking or sitting Difficultly urinating Excessive or injurious masturbation Pregnancy Positive testing for sexually- transmitted disease(s) (e.g., HIV) Developmental age-inappropriate sexual play and/or drawings 45 7/27/2024
Recognizing Child Abuse Categories & Indicators of Child Abuse (cont.) Sexual abuse or exploitation (cont.) Suggestion: At-Risk Youth Populations: *please provide a source/citation* 46 7/27/2024
Recognizing Child Abuse Categories & Indicators of Child Abuse (cont.) Severe forms of trafficking in persons (Act 115 of 2016) Sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion or in which the person induced to perform such act has not attained 18 years of age; or Sex trafficking: the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for the purpose of a commercial sex act Commercial sex act: Any sex act on account of which anything of value is given to or received by any person 47 7/27/2024
Recognizing Child Abuse Categories & Indicators of Child Abuse (cont.) Severe forms of trafficking in persons (Act 115 of 2016) (cont.) The recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor of services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion, for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery. Peonage: paying off debt through work Debt Bondage: debt slavery, bonded labor, or services for a debt or other obligation Slavery: A condition compared to that of a slave in respect of exhausting labor or restricted freedom 48 7/27/2024
Recognizing Child Abuse Categories & Indicators of Child Abuse (cont.) Severe forms of trafficking in persons (Act 115 of 2016) (cont.) Labor trafficking: Labor obtained by use of threat of serious harm, physical restraint, or abuse of legal process Examples: Being forced to work for little or no pay (frequently in factories and farms) Domestic servitude: providing services within a household for 10-16 hours per day, such as, but not limited to: childcare, cooking, cleaning, yard work, gardening, etc. 49 7/27/2024
Recognizing Child Abuse Categories & Indicators of Child Abuse (cont.) Severe forms of trafficking in persons (Act 115 of 2016) (cont.) Victim Identification/Warning Signs including, but not limited to: Has been verified to be under the age of 18 and is in any way involved in a commercial sex act industry or has a record of prior arrest for prostitution or related charges Has an explicitly sexual online profile Excessively frequents internet chat rooms and classified sites Depicts elements of sexual exploitation in drawing, poetry, or other modes of creative expression Is found in a hotel, street track, truck stop, or strip club Has no identification or knowledge of personal data, such as but not limited to: age, name, and/or date of birth Lies about or is not aware of their true age or identity Does not have insurance or control over own finances 50 7/27/2024
