Understanding Conditional Sentences: Types and Usage Explained

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Conditional sentences are complex sentences with a subordinate clause of condition, usually starting with "IF". Learn about zero, first, second, third, and mixed conditional sentences, their structures, and examples to enhance your understanding and usage of different types of conditionals.

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Knyazeva E.G. Vyazma, Smolensk region School 2

THEORETICAL PART Very often for learners. conditional sentences presentation are is confusing designed to explain general aspects of IF clauses . Here you can find the rules, examples and tests to check out your knowledge. A conditional sentence is a complex sentence with a subordinate clause of condition that usually begins with the conjunction IF. The clause of condition (the if clause) indicates the conditions under which the action in the main clause may be realized. So, when you begin your sentence with IF you should do this: This

To determine if there is IF in a sentence (real or unreal condition) To determine what tense is used in a sentence (present, past or future) The conditional sentences are divided into the following types: Zero conditional sentences First conditional sentences Second conditional sentences Third conditional sentences Mixed sentences

ZERO CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (if + present simple, ... present simple) This conditional is used when the result will always happen. It implies not a particular situation but general one and often describes laws of nature and widely known facts. In this conditional IF also can be replaced by WHEN without changing the meaning. The present simple is used in both clauses. e.g. If people eat too much, they get fat. e.g. If babies are hungry, they cry. e.g. You get water if you mix hydrogen and oxygen.

FIRST CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (if + present simple, ... will + infinitive) This conditional expresses real or possible situations in the present or future. e.g. I will go shopping on the way home if I have time. e.g. If I study today, I will go to the party tonight. e.g. If I have enough money, I will buy some new shoes.

SECOND CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (if + past simple, ... would + infinitive) This conditional is used when an implementation of an action in certain situations in the present or future is unreal. We can use it when: we speak about our dreams and wishes or something that is not going to happen: e.g. If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house. (I probably won't win the lottery) e.g. If I met the Queen of England, I would say hello. e.g. Where would you live if you could live anywhere in the world?

we speak about something in present that is not possible because it is not true: e.g. If I had his number, I would call him. (I don't have his number now, so it's impossible for me to call him).

THIRD CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (if + past perfect, ...would + have + past participle) This conditional expresses a situation in the past that did not happen, but we image the result. e.g. If she had studied, she would have passed the exam (but, really we know she didn't study and so she didn't pass). e.g. If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane.

MIXED SENTENCES We use Second and Third conditional in order to form mixed sentences. In this case the subordinate clause is related to the future and the main clause is related to the past. e.g. If I were smarter, I would have graduated from Stanford. e.g. If my father hadn t lost his keys, we wouldn t have to wait until he finds them.

COMPLETE THE CONDITIONAL SENTENCES If you (go) I (watch) the football match on TV. I (earn) a lot of money if I (get) that job. If she (hurry / not) we (miss) the bus. If he (try) harder, he (reach) his goals. I (buy) these shoes if they (fit). It (surprise / not) answer. If we (listen) to the radio, we (hear) the news. If you (switch) on the lights, you (fall / not) over the chair. She (come) to our party if she (be / not) holiday. If I stronger, I'd help you carry the piano. out with your friends tonight, me if he (know / not) the on

If I (be) stronger, I'd help you carry the piano. If we'd seen you, we (stop).If we (meet) him tomorrow, we'll say hello. He would have repaired the car himself if he (have) the tools. If you drop the vase, it (break). If I hadn't studied, I (pass) the exam. I wouldn't go to school by bus if I (have) a driving licence. If she (see) him every day, she'd be lovesick. I (travel / not) to London if I don't get a cheap flight. We'd be stupid if we (tell) him about our secret.

If you (do) what your parents said, you would be rich now. Nick would have passed that English exam if he (have / not) lazy. If I had been you, I (tell) your mother about yesterday. If you had taken the job, you (earn) much more now. If I were a good cook, I (cook) your favorite meal. If you decide to study medicine ten years ago, you would be a good doctor. If I had won the Lotto yesterday, I (fly) across the world today. If she (arrive) two hours ago, I would be angry now.