Understanding Government Systems and Divisions of Power
Explore the various divisions of power in government systems worldwide, with a specific focus on the U.S. Understand the concepts of federal, unitary, and confederation states, and learn about the structure of the U.S. government with its separation of powers and checks and balances. Discover how geography influences government processes like the electoral system and gerrymandering.
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Presentation Transcript
THE STUDENT WILL BE ABLE TO Understand different divisions of power throughout the world and specifically the U.S. government system.
WHAT YOU LEARNED YESTERDAY In yesterday s video you learned how different governments may divide up their control/power, or oversee their sovereignty of an area.
WHAT YOU NEED TO TAKE AWAY. Think of the spectrum he talked about yesterday as the background that you should understand to know some of the sub-areas. In modern times the major trend has been towards the left; representative state or multi-party state/direct democracy. In these areas of representative state/multi-party you get: Federal state: Type of government that gives local political units (states or provinces) a measure of power. Unitary state: allocate most of the power to a strong central government. Confederation of states: Loose grouping of states for a common purpose.
EXAMPLES Unitary States (Most countries are) France Sweden United Kingdom Yes, other parts have devolution, but it was granted by the Parliament Chad China Japan Federal States U.S. Canada Germany Australia Switzerland India Confederations A lot are historic 13 colonies
CHANGING SCALE.. The U.S. is a Federal State The Federal Government (think Washington D.C.) shares powers with the U.S. states (Think state legislature, governor, etc.) The Federal Government wins out over the state government. The Federal Government, because it s so powerful is intentionally divided into three areas of power. Executive (President) Legislative (Senate & House of Representatives) Judiciary (Supreme Court) They all have checks and balances on each-other, like rock, paper, scissors.
HTTPS://WWW. YOUTUBE.CO M/WATCH?V=0 BF3CWYCXXW (SEPARATION OF POWERS AND CHECKS AND BALANCES) 8:30
WHY WE CARE It s good to know how our government works, even minimally, so you can understand how geography plays a role in the government. Remember, we re focused on geography, or the distribution of things. The electoral college is how geography influence the election of a president; which is based on population. Gerrymandering is based on how lines/boundaries are drawn, and population.
HTTPS://WW W.YOUTUBE. COM/WATCH? V=OUS9MM8 XBBW (ELECTORAL COLLEGE 4:45)
HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/W ATCH?V=7WC42HGLA4K&INDEX=1 3&LIST=PLQS5OHHASS_TF9MG- MQLIE7FQQ1- FZOQC&FEATURE=IV&SRC_VID=O US9MM8XBBW&ANNOTATION_ID =ANNOTATION_286635 PROBLEMS WITH ELECTORAL COLLEGE 6:30
HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/ WATCH?V=MKY11UJB9AY GERRYMANDERING EXPLAINED 5:30
SCALE.KEEPING NARROWING IT DOWN There are actually lots of layers of government Federal State County/Municipal City/Township Homeowners Association Once you get below the state level it gets a little hazy because the size of the area will determine what type of government Sometimes there is just a county government or municipal government The main point is that local services are provided locally
HTTPS://WWW. YOUTUBE.CO M/WATCH?V=A VE3OSR5W-0 4:30 Aside from this video being magical, it is based in Canada. Provinces are the same as states. Municipal can be seen as the city We, like them, have different shared responsibility over roads.
NOWREVERSE THE SCALEGO MACRO Above individual countries, they sometimes form groups, which are Supranational Organizations Must be THREE or more states who unite for mutual benefit A country joining a supranational organization give up some sovereignty or rights The more authority a supranational organization has, the more powerful it is; the less, it becomes less effective. The power that the supranational organization gets is based off of what a country is willing to give it. The U.N. is fairly weak, countries don t give it much authority over their internal workings. The European Union is one of the most powerful supranational organizations
HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE. COM/WATCH?V=AIQHQN- NDQC ASEAN 6:21 IT SHOULD BE NOTED, THIS IS MS. SCHMIDT S FAVORITE VIDEO OF ALL TIME. Don t get overly caught up in the pure awesome of this video. The things they are talking about apply to ALL supranational organizations. Pay attention to the benefits gained from being a member of this organization. Protection, Trade, Exchange Ideas, and Cultural elements. Obstacles to supranationalism are also discussed; they re at the end with ways to work together.
HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.C OM/WATCH?V=O37YJBFRRF G EUROPEAN UNION 5:50 Members give up a lot to join the EU. They give up say over some trade laws They give up say over currency (most countries except Great Britain) In exchange they help one another with trade and increase their GDP
SUPRANATIONAL GROUPS TO KNOW In groups look up the following Supranational Organizations. Identify: What does the NAME STAND FOR? What countries are members? What is it that they do? Example: North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) U.S., Albania, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Rep, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, and U.K. A political and military alliance.
