Understanding Levels of Government in Canada

 
Slide Deck 5:
Levels of Government
 
 
What does a 
representative
democracy 
mean?
 
 
A representative democracy is a form of
government in which representatives are
elected to make policy and pass laws while
representing the citizens.
 
Each elected official represents a different
geographic area, such as an electoral district,
riding or ward.
 
Levels of Government in Canada
 
Federal government
Provincial and territorial
governments
Municipal and local
governments
First Nations, Métis, and Inuit
government
 
Each level of government has its
group of elected representatives.
 
 
Federal
 
The elected representative is called a 
Member of
Parliament
 
(MP)
There are currently 
338 elected MPs
MPs debate and pass laws in the 
House of Commons
in 
Ottawa
The leader is called the 
prime minister
The Queen is represented by the 
governor general
 
Ontario Provincial
 
The elected representative is called a 
Member of
Provincial Parliament
 
(MPP)
There will be 
124 MPPs 
after the June election
MPs debate and pass laws in the Legislative
Assembly in 
Toronto
The leader is called the 
premier
The Queen is represented by the 
lieutenant
governor
 
 
 
 
Do you know how the 
prime minister 
of
Canada is chosen
?
 
Do you know how the 
premier
 of Ontario
is chosen?
 
 
 
The political party with the most number
of elected representatives usually forms
government and their leader becomes the
leader of the government.
 
Re-cap: Federal vs. Provincial
 
 
Municipal Governments
 
The elected representative at the municipal level is called a
councillor 
or alderman
The size and structure of the council differs depending on
the population it represents
The head of the council is called a 
mayor 
or
 reeve
 
and they
elected by all citizens living in the municipality
Municipal councils debate and pass laws         at the 
city or
town hall
 
 
 
How are issues and responsibilities
divided among the different levels?
 
Division of Powers
 
The division of powers is outlined in 
Sections 91–95
 of the
Constitution Act
This division of powers is based on 
subsidiarity
, meaning
that the government level closest to the issue governs it
Municipal governments receive their powers from the
provincial government
 
Examples of Government Responsibilities
 
Federal
:
 
Global affairs, immigration and citizenship, national
defence, currency, public safety, fisheries and oceans
Provincial
:
 
Education, health care delivery, social welfare,
transportation and highways
Municipal/Local
:
 
Roads and bridges, water and sewer
service, recreation and community facilities, libraries, police
and fire protection
 
 
 
There are also policy areas where the levels
of government share responsibility, such as
the environment, taxation and natural
resources.
 
This is called 
concurrency
.
 
Municipal/Local
 
The elected representative at the municipal level is usually
called a 
councillor
.
Municipal councils debate and pass laws at the local or city
town hall.
The head of the council is called a 
mayor
 or
 reeve.
The size and structure of the council differs,
depending on the population.
 
First Nations, Métis and Inuit governments
 
Some Indigenous communities and First Nations reserves
have their own governments which 
replace or share
certain responsibilities with the provincial/territorial or
federal government. Consensus government
representatives do not belong to political parties.
The term
 self-government 
refers to a First Nation, Métis
or Inuit community with control over its own affairs
Self‑governing First Nations have the ability to sign
treaties (formal agreements)  and comprehensive land
claims agreements (modern treaties)
 
 
 
Can I contact my elected representatives?
 
YES!
 
Elected representatives expect to hear from their
constituents when they have issues to discuss, or if
they need help accessing government services.
 
In most cases your representative can be contacted
by mail, email, phone, or by appointment at their
local constituency office.
 
 
 
 
Federal = Member of Parliament
 
Provincial = Member of Provincial Parliament
 
Municipal = Local Councillor/Alderman
 
Summary of Representatives
 
How does government impact you on a daily
basis?
 
Which level of government has the greatest
impact on you?
 
Why is it important to know your different
elected representatives?
 
Debrief
Slide Note
Embed
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A representative democracy in Canada consists of various levels of government, including federal, provincial, municipal, and Indigenous governments. Elected representatives at each level make policy decisions and pass laws on behalf of the citizens. The federal government is led by the Prime Minister, while each province has its Premier. The political party with the most elected representatives usually forms the government. This overview compares the roles and structures of the federal and provincial levels of government in Canada.


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Presentation Transcript


  1. Slide Deck 5: Levels of Government

  2. What does a representative democracy mean?

  3. A representative democracy is a form of government in which representatives are elected to make policy and pass laws while representing the citizens. Each elected official represents a different geographic area, such as an electoral district, riding or ward.

  4. Levels of Government in Canada Federal government Provincial and territorial governments Municipal and local governments First Nations, M tis, and Inuit government Each level of government has its group of elected representatives.

  5. Federal The elected representative is called a Member of Parliament (MP) There are currently 338 elected MPs MPs debate and pass laws in the House of Commons in Ottawa The leader is called the prime minister The Queen is represented by the governor general

  6. Ontario Provincial The elected representative is called a Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) There will be 124 MPPs after the June election MPs debate and pass laws in the Legislative Assembly in Toronto The leader is called the premier The Queen is represented by the lieutenant governor

  7. Do you know how the prime minister of Canada is chosen? Do you know how the premier of Ontario is chosen?

  8. The political party with the most number of elected representatives usually forms government and their leader becomes the leader of the government.

  9. Re-cap: Federal vs. Provincial Title given to the elected member Member of Parliament (MP) Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) Number of elected members 338 107 (124 as of June 2018) Title of the head of government prime minister premier Name of the legislative body House of Commons Legislative Assembly The monarch s representative governor general lieutenant governor

  10. Municipal Governments The elected representative at the municipal level is called a councillor or alderman The size and structure of the council differs depending on the population it represents The head of the council is called a mayor or reeve and they elected by all citizens living in the municipality Municipal councils debate and pass laws at the city or town hall

  11. How are issues and responsibilities divided among the different levels?

  12. Division of Powers The division of powers is outlined in Sections 91 95 of the Constitution Act This division of powers is based on subsidiarity, meaning that the government level closest to the issue governs it Municipal governments receive their powers from the provincial government

  13. Examples of Government Responsibilities Federal: Global affairs, immigration and citizenship, national defence, currency, public safety, fisheries and oceans Provincial: Education, health care delivery, social welfare, transportation and highways Municipal/Local: Roads and bridges, water and sewer service, recreation and community facilities, libraries, police and fire protection

  14. There are also policy areas where the levels of government share responsibility, such as the environment, taxation and natural resources. This is called concurrency.

  15. Municipal/Local First Nations, M tis and Inuit governments The elected representative at the municipal level is usually called a councillor. Municipal councils debate and pass laws at the local or city town hall. The head of the council is called a mayor or reeve. The size and structure of the council differs, depending on the population. The term self-government refers to a First Nation, M tis or Inuit community with control over its own affairs Self-governing First Nations have the ability to sign treaties (formal agreements) and comprehensive land claims agreements (modern treaties) Some Indigenous communities and First Nations reserves have their own governments which replace or share certain responsibilities with the provincial/territorial or federal government. Consensus government representatives do not belong to political parties.

  16. Can I contact my elected representatives? YES! Elected representatives expect to hear from their constituents when they have issues to discuss, or if they need help accessing government services. In most cases your representative can be contacted by mail, email, phone, or by appointment at their local constituency office.

  17. Summary of Representatives Federal = Member of Parliament Provincial = Member of Provincial Parliament Municipal = Local Councillor/Alderman

  18. Debrief How does government impact you on a daily basis? Which level of government has the greatest impact on you? Why is it important to know your different elected representatives?

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