Understanding South Asian Migration Dynamics
Explore the complexities of migration in South Asia, from the movement of people to the diffusion of cultures. Delve into the push and pull factors, impacts of migration within the region, and key statistics highlighting India's role as a major source of international migration and remittances recipient. Gain insights into patterns of migration, challenges faced, and the interplay of factors shaping the migration landscape in South Asia.
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UNIT 3: DIFFUSION OF PEOPLE AND CULTURES INDIA AND SOUTH ASIA: FROM AREA STUDIES TO ETHNIC STUDIES DEVELOPED BY RACHEL HEILMAN (ISSAQUAH HIGH SCHOOL) WITH SUPPORT FROM THE SOUTH ASIA CENTER AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON WITH FUNDING FROM THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL RESOURCE CENTERS PROGRAM. Migration and Cultural Diffusion
REFLECT When I say migration you say what? What does migration mean to you as a concept? my experience or my family s experience of migration has been ______.
MIGRATION The term means the movement of people from one place to another it could be from rural to urban areas, within a single country or region, or international. Migrants may be intending to move permanently or plan to work in order to send remittances home before returning themselves. And plans can change depending on a huge variety of factors. Also, migration can be voluntary or involuntary. There is a lot to consider!
Brainstorm with your neighbor: Why do people migrate? List as many possible factors as you can.
PUSH AND PULL FACTORS Pull factors draw people to a place Push factors motivate people to leave a place Label each of the factors you and your partner brainstormed as either pull or push
DID YOU COME UP WITH EACH OF THESE POSSIBILITIES? PULL PUSH War or other threats of violence Lack of needed resources Pollution Undesirable climate Lack of employment opportunities Social or political oppression Resources, including arable land Desirable climate Health care resources Economic opportunities Connectivity geographical and technological Greater personal freedom, including religious Reunite with friends or family Educational opportunities
THINGS TO KNOW ABOUT SOUTH ASIAN MIGRATION According to the 2020 World Migration Report,India is the world s largest source of international migration (17.5 million Indians were living abroad) India is the world s top remittance recipient ($78.6 billion) and remittances are a substantial portion of GDP in Nepal (27.3%), Pakistan (7.9%), and Sri Lanka (7.8%) The world s largest number of stateless persons were in Bangladesh (906,000) There is a lot of intra-region migration in South Asia COVID has resulted in many migrants returning to South Asia as working abroad became less tenable Patterns of refugees seeking shelter include from Afghanistan to Pakistan and from Myanmar to Bangladesh Natural disasters and climate change have had a significant impact on migration, a trend that is expected to increase Sources: UN s World Migration Report 2020 https://worldmigrationreport.iom.int/wmr-2020-interactive/ Migration Data Portal https://www.migrationdataportal.org/regional-data-overview/southern-asia
CULTURAL DIFFUSION The phrase means the spread of ideas, values, beliefs, technology, clothing styles, language, foods all of those different cultural factors you learned about earlier in the course! Cultural diffusion can happen through the expansion of a particular country s economic or political influence, through trade routes, through media, and of course through migration.
Brainstorm with your neighbor: Which forms of culture can you think of that have diffused from South Asia? List as many possibilities as you can.
EXAMPLES OF CULTURAL DIFFUSION FROM SOUTH ASIA: How many did your class come up with? Was it difficult or easy to make a list?
EXAMPLES OF CULTURAL DIFFUSION FROM SOUTH ASIA Just a short list of possible responses: Pajamas Bhangra Buddhism Curry Tunics The concept of zero Ramayana Re-tellings This could go on for a looooong time .
LABOR AND MIGRATION FROM SOUTH ASIA SOURCE: MIGRATION DATA PORTAL In 2019, India was the world s largest recipient of remittances (and 20% of remittances globally were sent to South Asia) Around a quarter of Nepal s GDP in 2019 was made up of remittances The British Empire used indentured servitude to provide labor for its territories in the 19th and early 20th centuries Post-WWII Britain drew workers Today South Asia remains a source of labor, particularly for the Gulf States Environmental disasters, including due to climate change, are significant sources of displacement Pre-COVID patterns of migration have been disrupted over time we ll be able to examine to what extent these trends remain in place
MAP OF MAJOR SOUTH ASIAN FLOWS Visit NYU Libraries South Asian Diaspora Homepage: https://guides.nyu.edu/southasiandiaspora/Immigrantion-Histories What do you notice? What questions do you hope to have answered in the coming weeks?
THE HUMAN GEOGRAPHERS APPROACH Migration and cultural diffusion are concepts that many different disciplines study. Let s wrap up our introductory exploration of these concepts by watching Crash Course Geography s Race, Ethnicity, and the Cultural Landscape to get a look at one discipline s approach to applying these topics. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lVGJxaogu5A
