An In-depth Look at the Anatomy and Physiology of the Ear by Dr. Farid Alzhrani

Delve into the comprehensive insights provided by Dr. Farid Alzhrani, Assistant Professor and Consultant of Otolaryngology, Head, and Neck Surgery at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, on the intricate details of the ear's anatomy and physiology. Explore topics such as the external ear structures, nerve supply, tympanic membrane layers, and the divisions of the ear - external, middle, and inner. Enhance your understanding of the ear's functions and complexities through detailed images and descriptions presented in this educational resource.

• Ear Anatomy
• Physiology
• Dr. Farid Alzhrani
• Otolaryngology
• Auditory System

jaxo_177 Follow

Uploaded on Sep 21, 2024 | 0 Views

Download Presentation

Please find below an Image/Link to download the presentation.

The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author. Download presentation by click this link. If you encounter any issues during the download, it is possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.

Presentation Transcript

1. ( Ear I ) Anatomy and Physiology of the ear Dr. Farid Alzhrani Assistant professor Consultant of Otolaryngology, head and neck surgery King Abdulaziz University Hospital

2. ANATOMY OF THE EAR

3. A) External Ear Auricle External Canal

4. The Auricle:

5. The External Auditory Canal :

6. The External Auditory Canal :

7. Nerve Supply of External Ear Cervical II & III ( greater auricular and lesser occipital) V cranial nerve (auriculotemporal) X cranial nerve (auricular or Arnold s) Fibres from VII cranial nerve

8. TYMPANIC MEMBRANE It forms the partition between the external auditory canal and the middle ear. Parts : 1. Pars Tensa. 2. Pars Flaccida.

9. TYMPANIC MEMBRANE

10. TYMPANIC MEMBRANE The Tympanic membrane consist of three layers: 1. Outer layer, of epithelial (ectodermal) origin, 2. The middle layer or lamina propria, of mesodermal origin, 3. The inner layer, of endodermal origin, comprising the middle ear mucosa.

11. TYMPANIC MEMBRANE

12. ANATOMY OF THE EAR a) External Ear b) Middle Ear c) Inner Ear

13. B) Middle Ear http://download.e-bookshelf.de/download/0000/6688/46/L-X-0000668846-0001409245.XHTML/images/c02f009.jpg 1. Eustachian (Pharyngo-tympanic) Tube 2. Tympanum (Middle Ear Cavity) 3. Mastoid Antrum and Air Cells

14. Middle Ear Eustachian (Pharyngo-Tympanic) Tube Connect the middle ear cavity with nasopharynx. Lies adjacent to the ICA

15. Middle Ear Eustachian (Pharyngo-Tympanic) Tube

16. Middle Ear Eustachian (Pharyngo-Tympanic) Tube

17. Middle Ear Eustachian (Pharyngo-Tympanic) Tube

18. Middle Ear Eustachian (Pharyngo-Tympanic) Tube

19. Middle Ear Tympanic cavity (Middle ear cavity)

20. Middle Ear Tympanic cavity (Middle ear cavity)

21. Middle Ear Tympanic cavity (Middle ear cavity) Middle ear cavity divided into three parts

22. Middle Ear Tympanic cavity (Middle ear cavity) LINING OF THE MIDDLE EAR : Mucous membrane of the middle ear space consists of stratified cuboidal epithelium, which changes to pseudostratified ciliated epithelium around the mouth of the eustachian tube.

23. Middle Ear Tympanic cavity (Middle ear cavity) Motor nerve supply of the middle ear muscles : Sensory nerve supply of the middle ear mucosa : 1. Stapedius muscle supplied by the stapedial branch of the facial nerve. 2. Tensor tympani muscle supplied by the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. 1. Tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve. 2. Auriculotemporal branch of the trigeminal nerve.

24. Middle Ear Mastoid antrum and air cells Air-containing cells of the mastoid process are continuous with the air in the middle ear.

25. Middle Ear Mastoid antrum and air cells Pneumatization is complete between the sixth and twelfth years of life. Normal tubal function is a prerequisite for biologically active, healthy middle ear mucosa, and thus for the normal process of pneumatization.

26. ANATOMY OF THE EAR a) External Ear b) Middle Ear Cleft c) Inner Ear

27. C) Inner Ear Consists of : 1. Labyrinth. Bony Labyrinth Membranous Labyrinth 2. Internal Auditory Canal.

28. Inner Ear Bony Labyrinth Its parts : 1. Bony Cochlea 2. Vestibule 3. Bony semicircular canals

29. Inner Ear Bony Labyrinth Its contents : 1. Perilymph 2. Membranous labyrinth

30. Inner Ear Membranous Labyrinth Its parts : 1. Cochlear duct 2. Saccule and utricle 3. Membranous semicircular ducts

31. Inner Ear Membranous Labyrinth Its contents : 1. Endolymph 2. Sensory epithelium Cochlea: organ of Corti Utricle & saccule: maculae Semicircular canals: cristae

32. Inner Ear Internal Auditory Canal Contains: Cochleovetibular nerve Facial nerve

33. Inner Ear Internal Auditory Canal

34. Inner Ear Internal Auditory Canal CENTRAL CONNECTIONS OF COCHLEAR NERVE

35. PHYSIOLOGY OF THE EAR

36. FUNCIONS OF THE EXTERNAL EAR Protection of the middle ear Curvature Cerumen Auditory functions: Sound conduction Increase sound pressure by the resonance function

37. FUNCTIONS OF THE EUSTACHIAN TUBE Protection Ventilation Drainage

38. FUNCIONS OF THE MIDDLE EAR Conduction of sound Protection to the inner ear stapedial reflex

39. FUNCIONS OF THE INNER EAR Hearing Function: Transduction of sound to action potentials Vestibular Function: Participate in maintaining body balance

40. Hearing Function:

41. Thank you