Advancements in AI and Society: A Journey Towards a Brighter Future
Over the past decades, AI has made significant strides in revolutionizing various aspects of society, from enhancing human mental capabilities to enabling breakthroughs in machine learning and big data applications. Renowned figures like Raj Reddy have played key roles in advancing AI research, with institutions like Carnegie Mellon University and Stanford leading the forefront. Recent innovations include AI-powered solutions for COVID-19 monitoring, personalized education, and self-driving cars. The potential for AI to reshape our world is immense, with the power to eliminate lockdowns, improve healthcare, and bridge literacy divides for a more inclusive future.
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AI in Service of Society Raj Reddy Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213 October 5, 2020 WLA Digital Innovation Oct 31, 2021
Stanford in 1963 Raj Reddy joined as Graduate Student in the Stanford AI Labs in 1963 DARPA Started Funding of AI at MIT, CMU and Stanford 1963 RR was the First PhD in AI at Stanford in 1966 Assistant Professor in Stanford Computer Science Department in 1966 Founding Director of Robotics Institute at Carnegie Mellon in 1979 Sixty Years at the Forefront of AI Research We Are on a1000 Year Journey to Create AI AI is an Attempt to Enhance the Mental Capabilities of Humans Much as Engineering Enhances the Physical Capabilities of Humans Long way to go
AI During Last 50 years Early AI Created by Human Programming of Knowledge, Heuristics, Rules, and Simple Machine Learning (Pattern Recognition) World Champion Chess Machine IBM Deep Blue in 1997 Recent Breakthroughs Enabled by Big Data and Machine Learning Language Translation Google Translate: Any Language to Any Language Speech to Speech Translation and Dialog Applications of dynamic real-time dubbing of Videos Village Level Entertainment and Education Self Driving Cars Prevent accidents saving lives and repair bills CMU, Stanford, Google, Tesla US and China are spending Billions to become AI Superpowers. India has to Do More with Less
Eliminate Lockdowns Lockdowns are Awful. Mostly Poor Suffer. GDP Down(10%-20%) Lockdown May Not Be Needed If the Infected-Persons Can Be Identified and Isolated Quickly Several Smart Watches on The Market Are Capable of Monitoring Covid-19 Symptoms Temperature, Oxygen Level, Heart Rate, Breathing Rate And BP AI and Machine Learning Tools Can be Used to Identify and Isolate Infected Patients Based on Smart Phone/Watch Data Routine monitoring of all people in India will improve our ability to Predict and Prevent most illnesses, not just Viral Infections Cost Would be 20% of The Expected Loss in GDP in 2020 Source: Heidelberg Laureates Forum Talk, Sep 23, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dj6I_IV8dBQ
Eliminate Literacy Divide Vision: KG to PG Online College in Every Village Current Model: One-Size-Fits-All Problem AI Enabled Personalized Education Learning to Learn, Learning to Think, and Learning to Live Find Student Learning Issues: Collect and Analyze Student Activity Monitoring Data such as Keystrokes and Mouse Clicks Is the Student Motivated? Monitor Presence in the Class (Keystrokes and Zoom data) Is the Student Paying Attention in The Class? Monitor Access to the Online Content Is the Student Actively Working on the Assignment? Monitor Progress in Solving Assignment Personalized Diagnosis and Resolution of Student Learning Issues Motivation: Redirect Student to Other Learning Options Attention: Refocus Student on Task at Hand Problem Solving: Recall and Reinforce Relevant Lecture Content Pre-Requisites For Online Learning: Connectivity and Computer Annual Estimated Cost About Rs 10,000 Per Student Per Year. Repurpose Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan? Source: IIIT-H Praveen Garimella Understanding Student Learning Behavior
Eliminate Language Divide Vision: Watch Any Movie Read Any Textbook Talk to Anyone in India Independent of Language of the Producer and the Consumer Speech-to-Speech Translation Technology has been Demonstrated for the World s Popular Languages For Indian Languages, We are Missing Data For Each Indian Language, We Need 1 Lakh Hours of Speech and 10 Crore Words of Text Spoken Phone Call Data Already Being Collected for National Security Can be Anonymized and Used for Creating Language Models for Each India Language May Require Appropriate Enabling Legislation Tools and Technology Microsoft, Google Apple, and others have the Technology and knowhow Source: Microsoft https://youtu.be/90XoATgQ2tk
Empower People at the Bottom-of-the-Pyramid 67% have Networth of Less than $10000 They Have Not Been Helped by IT Revolution Not Seen as a Major Market by IT Companies Using a Smart-Phone, Intelligent Assistants like Siri and Alexa Speaking in Local Languages Can Enable the People at the Bottom-of-the Pyramid the Same Benefits as the People of Silicon Valley Online Buying and Selling from Low Cost Providers: Reorder Rice, Meat and Vegetables Online Banking : Recharge my Mobile Phone Online Entertainment: Show Monsoon Wedding in Telugu Online Education: Play Next Khan Academy Math Lecture Online Access to Knowledge thru Encyclopedias and Digital Libraries FORTUNE to be made at the Bottom-of-the-Pyramid TAM: Up to a Trillion Dollars a Year in India Even the Bottom 400M @ $2.5/day is $1B/Day market
Conclusion 1000 Year Journey to Create AI. We have a long way to go. There are several AI opportunities in Service of Society Use AI to eliminate Lockdowns, but everyone must wear a Smartwatch with sensors Use AI tools to move from one-size-fits-all education to one-to-one personalized education Talk to Anyone in Any Language Use an Intelligent Assistant speaking a local language to help a farmer with buying and selling, banking, education and access to information All these directions are worthy of pursuit. Developing Economies have a significant need to solve them. Thank you
Way Forward: Mission Mode Execution Adopt Tools and Techniques of the Space Program RBSK Problem Incremental Validation of the Concept Estimation of Resources Needed Modification of the End Goals to suit the Resources Available Adopt Grand Challenge Competition Mode: A Grand Challenge is a Difficult To Accomplish, Goal-Directed Research Effort, With Well- Defined Metrics With a Prize and Duration Constraints: Leads To Faster Progress Towards The Goal Attract A Wide Array Of Global Players Self Driving Car Challenge of DARPA
