Understanding COVID-19 Vaccination: Importance, Types, and Effectiveness

COVID-19 vaccination is crucial in reducing the likelihood of infection, severe illness, and spread of the virus. Almost everyone over 6 months should get vaccinated, except those with severe allergies to vaccine components. The Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, and Novavax vaccines are safe and effective. Vaccines significantly reduce the risk of contracting COVID-19 and lessen the severity of illness if infected. Side effects, if experienced, are typically mild and short-lived, outweighing the risks of contracting the virus. Vaccination is a powerful tool in combating the pandemic.

• COVID-19
• Vaccination Importance
• Vaccine Types
• Side Effects
• Effectiveness

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1. COVID-19 Vaccination Photo credit: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/index.html

2. Objectives When completed, you will be better able to: Describe the importance of vaccination Identify COVID-19 vaccination basics who, effectiveness, side effects, cost Describe the COVID-19 vaccination process

3. Why is COVID-19 vaccination important? Getting vaccinated will make it much less likely that you will get COVID-19 Getting vaccinated will most likely keep you from being seriously ill even if you do get COVID-19 Getting vaccinated will reduce your ability to spread the virus, keeping your family, friends, and co-workers safer Stopping the pandemic requires we use all the tools available, and vaccination is perhaps our most powerful tool.

4. Who should get vaccinated? Almost everyone older than 6 months should get vaccinated. The FDA says only one very small group should NOT get vaccinated those with a known history of a severe allergic reaction to a component of the COVID-19 vaccine. There is no known issue with pregnant or breastfeeding women getting vaccinated. Talk with your health care provider. Photo credit: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/ed/patient-ed.html

5. Which vaccine should I get? There are currently 3 vaccines Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, and Novavax All three are safe All three are effective at protecting you from COVID-19

6. How effective are COVID-19 vaccines? Vaccines are very effective at preventing you from getting COVID-19 and reducing how sick you get if you do get COVID-19. See this website for more details https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019- ncov/vaccines/effectiveness/work.html Image credit: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019- ncov/downloads/vaccines/facts-covid-vaccines-english-508.pdf

7. What are the side effects? The vaccines have been tested for safety. They CANNOT make you sick with COVID-19. If you do experience side effects, that means the vaccine is working. It does not mean you have COVID-19. Most people who experience side effects say they are mild and last about a day. Common side effects include feeling tired, a minor fever or headache. There is a very small chance that a more severe side effect will occur. The potential side effects are MUCH BETTER than actually getting COVID-19. Image credit: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019- ncov/downloads/vaccines/facts-covid-vaccines-english-508.pdf

8. How much does it cost? The COVID-19 vaccination should be free, even if you do not have insurance. Photo credit: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/index.html

9. What is the vaccination process? The vaccine is a shot, like other vaccines you have received. The shot will likely be administered by your health care provider, pharmacy, clinic, or hospital. You should not take painkillers such as Tylenol or ibuprofen before getting your vaccine, but you can afterward.

10. How can I be scheduled for vaccination? Use https://www.vaccines.gov/search/ Check with your local pharmacy Ask your health care provider Image credit: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/index.html

11. Additional doses Additional doses increase protection for those at greatest risk You may get an additional dose from a different manufacturer than your original vaccine Side effects are similar to the vaccine

12. Activity - Discussion 1. What are some reasons to be vaccinated? 2. What are some reasons to be hesitant? 3. What barriers are there to vaccination for people in your community?

13. Resources CDC https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/index.html https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/index.html NIEHS https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/wetp/public/hasl_get_blob.cfm?ID=12583

14. Acknowledgement The Midwest Consortium developed this course under cooperative agreement number U45 ES 06184 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences for community members who may be impacted by COVID-19.