Understanding Classes and Objects in Python and Java

 
M
o
d
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l
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7
 
 
P
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5
 
Classes and Objects
 
Overview
 
Python and Java both feature classes and objects in much the same
way, with only syntax differences between them
Python:
Fields declared in the body of a class belong to the class
These fields are shared among all objects of that class until an assignment is done
Constructor is called __init__()
The keyword to specify the object itself is “self”
An object can have fields added or removed after the program starts
Java
Fields declared inside the body of a class belong to individual objects
Only static fields belong to the class itself
Constructor must have the same name as the class
The keyword to specify the object itself is “this”
All object fields are set in stone once the program starts
 
Notice we use constructor overloading to
achieve in Java what we can do in Python
using default parameters
Notice also that Java constructors (and
methods) do not have an obligatory “self”
parameter
 
Declaring classes
 
The syntax for creating objects,
accessing their fields, and accessing the
fields of the underlying class differ, but
the concepts are the same
 
Creating and using objects
 
We can use object methods very
much the same way in both
languages
Notice that 
methods that aren’t
inside of our Driver class must be
non-static
 
Using objects methods
 
Don’t forget that, when you write a class, you are
creating a new data type
As such, you can create collections of that data type
In the examples below, after we’ve created a Car class,
we can freely create arrays or ArrayLists of Cars.
 
Classes are data types
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Python and Java both utilize classes and objects in their programming paradigms. While there are syntax differences, the fundamental concepts remain similar. Fields and constructors are key components in defining classes, with Python using shared fields until assignments are made and Java focusing on individual object fields. Object methods can be used in a consistent manner across both languages, showcasing the versatility of classes as data types.


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Presentation Transcript


  1. Module 7 Module 7 Part 5 Part 5 Classes and Objects

  2. Overview Python and Java both feature classes and objects in much the same way, with only syntax differences between them Python: Fields declared in the body of a class belong to the class These fields are shared among all objects of that class until an assignment is done Constructor is called __init__() The keyword to specify the object itself is self An object can have fields added or removed after the program starts Java Fields declared inside the body of a class belong to individual objects Only static fields belong to the class itself Constructor must have the same name as the class The keyword to specify the object itself is this All object fields are set in stone once the program starts

  3. Declaring classes Notice we use constructor overloading to achieve in Java what we can do in Python using default parameters Notice also that Java constructors (and methods) do not have an obligatory self parameter

  4. Creating and using objects The syntax for creating objects, accessing their fields, and accessing the fields of the underlying class differ, but the concepts are the same

  5. Using objects methods We can use object methods very much the same way in both languages Notice that methods that aren t inside of our Driver class must be non-static

  6. Classes are data types Don t forget that, when you write a class, you are creating a new data type As such, you can create collections of that data type In the examples below, after we ve created a Car class, we can freely create arrays or ArrayLists of Cars.

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