Marion Leen: Tchaikovsky Music Study Guide

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Explore a comprehensive study guide on Tchaikovsky's music by Marion Leen, covering aspects like musical features, historical contexts, structural forms, melodic/rhythmic devices, instrumental techniques, and more. The guide delves into Tchaikovsky's compositions like "Romeo and Juliet Fantasy Overture," offering insights into themes and prescribed study areas. This resource equips enthusiasts with the knowledge to analyze and evaluate musical interpretation and performance.

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Marion Leen ROMEO AND JULIET FANTASY OVERTURE PETER ILYICH TCHAIKOVSKY This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA

Marion Leen SYLLABUS REQUIREMENTS Identify and Describe the range of musical features used Study the work s musical style and place it in its historical context Be able to analyse and describe patterns of repetition and change within the music Make comparative judgements about music Evaluate interpretation and performance in light of the experience attained This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Marion Leen SYLLABUS PRESCRIBED AREAS FOR STUDY IN TCHAIKOVSKY Rudiments 1999 -Q.1ex2 (ii)+(iii) 2000 -Q.4 (iii) 2006 Q.3 (iv) 2011 Q.3 (ii) 2012 Q.2 (ii), (iii) & (iv) 2013 Q.1 ex1(ii), Ex2(i),(iii) & ex3(i) 2017 Q.4 (ii) & (iii) Themes Friar Lawrence, Strife and Love

Marion Leen STRUCTURES Sonata form Overture Programme music Never asked in LC yet!! Sonata form and overture have not come up in an exam question!

Marion Leen Overture: a piece of instrumental music composed as an introduction to an opera, oratorio, ballet or other dramatic work, OR as in the case of this overture intended for independent concert performance. STRUCTURES CONT. Programme Music: Music which expresses an extra-musical idea, whether of mood, narrative or pictorial image.

Marion Leen MELODIC/RHYTHMIC DEVICES Sequences Pedal Note Dialogue Canon Dactyl figure Ascending and Descending Scales Chromaticism Syncopation Dotted Rhythms Triplets etc. 1999 Q.1A(ii)&(iii) 2000 Q.4(iv)&(v) 2005 Q.4(iii)&(iv) 2006 Q.3(ii) 2007 Q.4 (iii)&(iv) 2011 Q.4 (iii)&(iv) 2012 Q.2 (iii) 2013 Q.1ex1(iv), Ex3(ii) & (iii) 2017 Q.4 (ii) & (iv) This is the most frequent type of exam question on Tchaikovsky

Marion Leen INSTRUMENTAL TECHNIQUES Pizzicato e.g. b.38 Con sordino e.g. b.184 Arpeggiated chords on harp e.g. b.28 Divisi e.g. b.61 Tremelo e.g. b.88 2000 Q.4 (ii) 2001 Q.2 (iii) 2011 Q.3 (iii) 2013 Q.1 ex1(iv)

Marion Leen INSTRUMENTS FEATURED AND PERFORMING MEDIUM 1999 Q.1A(i),B(ii),C(i) 2000 Q.4(i) 2001 Q.2(ii)(iv) 2005 Q.4(iv) 2006 Q.3(ii)(iii) 2007 Q.4 (ii) 2012 Q.2 (ii) 2013 Q.1ex1(ii), (iii) Students must be able to identify the instruments playing the main themes and accompaniment Two examples are: 1. Friar Lawrence on clarinets, accompanied by bassoons only 2. Love Theme on Viola and Cor Anglais accompanied by French Horn, Cello + Double Bass This is a very frequent type of question in the exam

Marion Leen STYLES AND HISTORICAL PERIODS Musical Features of the Romantic era 2000 Q.4(v) 2005 Q.4(v) 2012 Q.2 (v) Programme features Features of Tchaikovsky s style This type of question usually appears as a 3 or 4 mark question and so requires a detailed and precise answer

Marion Leen Greater emphasis on individual expression of emotion Music becomes more descriptive programme music FEATURES OF THE ROMANTIC ERA 1800- 1900 Expansion in the size and range of instruments in the orchestra creates greater orchestral colour Modulations to unrelated keys : Db major Love Theme b.184 New harmonies Long sensuous melodies

Marion Leen Juxtaposition of different sections of the orchestra e.g.(b.105-111), (b.122-125) Descending chromatic figure againstsequences (b.206-210) heightens tension and leads to climax FEATURES OF TCHAIKOVSKY S INDIVIDUAL STYLE Sequential writing Friar Lawrence theme heard in F# minor, F minor and E minor.

Marion Leen COMPARE AND CONTRAST While this does not appear as a separate area of study, it appears frequently on the exam paper. 1999 Q.1iC(iii) 2001 Q.2(v) 2006 Q.3(iii)(v) 2007 Q.4 (v) 2011 Q.3 (V) 2013 Q.1ex2(ii) & ex3(iv) 2017 Q.2 (v) Compare and Contrast all appearances of the themes Describe/Compare/Contrast the music that appears immediately before or after the excerpt given N.B. This type of answer must always have a musical feature as its keyword (see analysis template) This question will be a 4 or 6 mark question

Marion Leen Ticking too few/too many boxes Blank spaces in questions Circling/underlining too many notes/words Not attempting melodic/rhythmic dictation WHAT ARE THE MAIN ERRORS IN ANSWERING THIS QUESTION? Describe/Outline/Identify type questions Musical Vocabulary Compare and Contrast

Marion Leen 1999 2001 2006 2011 2013 Recapitulation b.367 (25m) Introduction b.38 (10m) Coda b.485 (10m) Introduction b.38 (10m) Coda b.485 (25m) Exposition b.184 (10m) Exposition b.112 (10m) Exposition b. 213 (10m) Development b.280 (10m) Exposition b.125 (10m) 2000 2005 2007 2012 2017 EXAM QUESTIONS