Classical Odes by Horace: Excerpts and Analysis
Horace's Odes III.30 and III.2 are explored in this text, highlighting themes of enduring legacy, the passage of time, and the challenges of life. The analysis covers literary devices, Latin vocabulary, and historical context, providing insights into Horace's poetic mastery.
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Ode III.30 exigo, exigere, exegi, exactus = drive out/ put out/ finish aes, aeris (n) = bronze perennis, -is, -e = lasting; -ius is comparative ending for adverb two ways to show comparison ( than ): quam + same case (usually Nom) noun in ablative; called Ablative of Comparison; means than edax, edacis, adj = greedy/ consuming aquilo, aquilonis (m) = North Wind impotens, impotentis, adj = unrestrained diruo, diruere, dirui, dirutus = ransack/ destroy omnis, adv = wholly vito, vitare, vitavi, vitatus = avoid Libitina, -ae = goddess of funerals posterus, -a, -um = following/ latter scando, scandere, scandi, scansus = climb 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Exegi monumentum aere perennius regalique situ pyramidum altius, quod non imber edax, non aquilo impotens possit diruere aut innumerabilis annorum series et fuga temporum. non omnis moriar multaque pars mei vitabit Libitinam; usque ego postera crescam laude recens, dum Capitolium scandet cum tacita virgine pontifex.
Ode III.30 Continued qua here mean in which [place] obstrepo, obstrepere, obstrepui, obstrepitus = roar out Aufidus = a river in Apulia Daunus = Turnus; a ruler in central Italy before Aeneas agrestium populorum = rustic peoples; gen Gk construction here translated as DO of regnavit ex humili = out of humble [origin] dicar is understood also in line 13 princeps = foremost meritis is substantive = by those having merited it mihi is Dat of possession with comam 10. dicar, qua violens obstrepit Aufidus 11. et qua pauper aquae Daunus agrestium 12. regnavit populorum, ex humili potens, 13. princeps Aeolium carmen ad Italos 14. deduxisse modos. sume superbiam 15. quaesitam meritis et mihi Delphica 16. lauro cinge volens, Melpomene, comam.
Ode III.2 patior, pati, passus sum = suffer acer, acris, acre = sharp militia, -ae = military service condiscat is present subjunctive (wE Eat cAvIAr) meaning Let [him] learn ; same with vexet in line 4, and later, agat in line 5 eques in line 4 is in apposition to puer in line 2 metuendus, gerundive = being feared/ dreaded divum, divi = open air trepidus, -a , -um = alarming; here substantive suspiro, suspirare, suspiravi, suspiratus = sigh; here present subjunctive rudis, -is, -e = untrained sponsus, -i = fiance lacesso, lacessere, lacessivi, lacessitus = provoke; present subjunctive with earlier ne = don t let [him] prvoke cruentus, -a, -um = bloody caedis, caedis (f) = slaughter/ killing 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. sponsus lacessat regius asperum 11. tactu leonem, quem cruenta 12. per medias rapit ira caedes. Angustam amice pauperiem pati robustus acri militia puer condiscat et Parthos ferocis vexet eques metuendus hasta vitamque sub divo et trepidis agat in rebus. illum ex moenibus hosticis matrona bellantis tyranni prospiciens et adulta virgo suspiret eheu, ne rudis agminum
Ode III.2 Continued et in line 14 means even parcit in line 15 takes dat poples, politis (m) = knee possible hendiadys in lines 15 and 16: two nouns joined by a conjunction for emphasis rather than a subordinating noun intaminatus, -a, -um = untainted securis, securis (f) = axe/ fasces arbitium, arbitri(i) = judgment aura, -ae = breeze recludo, recludere, reclusi, reclusus = open up/ reveal inmeritis is substantive negata via is ablative absolute coetus, -us = assembly 13. dulce et decorum est pro patria mori: 14. mors et fugacem persequitur virum 15. nec parcit inbellis iuventae 16. poplitibus timidoque tergo. 17. Virtus, repulsae nescia sordidae, 18. intaminatis fulget honoribus 19. nec sumit aut ponit securis 20. arbitrio popularis aurae. 21. Virtus, recludens inmeritis mori 22. caelum, negata temptat iter via 23. coetusque volgaris et udam 24. spernit humum fugiente penna.
Ode III.2 Continued merces, mercedis (f) = pay/ recompense veto, vetare = forbid volgo, volgare = make common/ divulge arcanus, -a, -um = secret arcanae modifying Cereris is example of transferred epithet where an adj goes with a noun for emphasis, even though it would logically make more sense with another noun vetabo is understood from sub phaselon sit is present subjunctive form of sum trabes, trabis (f) = tree-trunk/ timber/ beam, synecdoche for roof solvo, solvere, solvi, solutus = loosen phaselon = boat (Greek) Diespiter, Diespitri = Sky Father/ Jupiter incestus, -a, -um = unclean (substantive) integer, integra, integrum = untouched (substantive) antecedo, antecedere, antecessi, anticessus = go before claudus, clauda, claudum = lame 25. est et fideli tuta silentio 26. merces: vetabo, qui Cereris sacrum 27. volgarit arcanae, sub isdem 28. sit trabibus fragilemque mecum 29. solvat phaselon; saepe Diespiter 30. neglectus incesto addidit integrum, 31. raro antecedentem scelestum 32. deseruit pede Poena claudo.
