Understanding Photosynthesis and Limiting Factors

 
 
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Photosynthesis is
an 
ENDOTHERMIC
reaction – what
does this mean?
Takes energy IN from it’s surroundings
 
 
 
 
At any given moment, the rate of a physiological process is
limited by the factor that is at its least favourable value.
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Factors that can limit the rate of photosynthesis include:
 
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.
 
CO
2
 concentration.
 
temperature
 
light intensity
Challenge 1 
Describe
what is happening in each
graph in section 1 and
section 2
Challenge 2 
Explain 
what is
happening in each graph in
section 1 and section 2
Key Words 
– rate of
photosynthesis, light,
temperature, concentration of
carbon dioxide, increase,
decrease, stays the same,
limiting factor
 
 
 
 
 
Think about
Independent
variable
Dependent
variable
Control
variables
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When you double the distance from a light source, the light intensity
falls by a factor of four. This is the inverse square law:
Relative light intensity = 
 
                           
1
                        
    
distance from light source
2
Relative light intensity does not have a unit
Redo this table with ‘relative light intensity’
instead of ‘distance’. You will need to use the
inverse square law
Relative light intensity = 
            
            
       
 1
                   
  
        distance from light source
2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Glucose
 is produced during photosynthesis and is used by
the plant to make:
Cellulose
 - which strengthens the cell wall
Glucose
 is stored by plants as 
starch
, 
fats
 and 
oils
.
Proteins
 - such as enzymes and chlorophyll
Plants also need
nitrogen to do this
 
 
 
 
 
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Respiration is
an
EXOTHERMIC
reaction
GIVES energy to the surroundings
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RESPIRATION
 
Plants build s______
& n_______ into
a______ a______
which then build
p_______
 
Build up large molecules
from small molecules
 
Used to make
_________ contract
 
Maintain constant
body _________
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RESPIRATION
 
Plants build sugar &
nitrates into amino
acids which then
build proteins
 
Build up large molecules
from small molecules
 
Used to make
muscles contract
 
Maintain constant
body temperature
 
 
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“Anaerobic = Without Oxygen”
 
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 The incomplete breakdown of glucose.
 Releases less energy than aerobic respiration.
 Temporary process.
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Glucose 
 Lactic Acid + Energy
 
Where does this occur?
 
Cells
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Glucose 
 ethanol + carbon dioxide
 
Where does this occur?
Used in
bread
making and
alcohol
 
 
 
What does the body need for releasing energy?
 
The body’s energy-releasing process depends on the 
digestive
system
 and the 
breathing system
.
 
What are the substances supplied by these systems?
glucose
 is the 
fuel 
supplied by 
the digestive system
oxygen
oxygen
 
is supplied by
the breathing system
 
During 
exercise
, the muscle cells 
respire more 
than they do
at rest.  This means that:
 
Oxygen
 
and 
glucose
 must be 
delivered
 
to them more quickly
 
Waste 
carbon dioxide 
must be 
removed
 more quickly
 
 
This is achieved by increasing:
volume of breathing
rate of breathing
heart rate
 
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Your body needs more energy because your muscles are
contracting less. Energy is produced in respiration. Respiration
needs carbon dioxide and glucose. Oxygen is taken in through the
lungs and transported around the body in the blood. Glucose is
absorbed in the large intestines and also transported around the
body in the blood. Your muscles are using oxygen and glucose
quicker and as a result your heart rate increases to deliver more
oxygen and glucose to the cells that are respirating quicker. This
also means more glycogen is removed too. It is also important as
heat is carried away, the blood carries heat away.
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Your body needs more energy because your muscles are
contracting 
more
. Energy is 
released
 in respiration. Respiration
needs 
oxygen
 and glucose. Oxygen is taken in through the lungs
and transported around the body in the blood. Glucose is absorbed
in the 
small 
intestines and also transported around the body in the
blood. Your muscles are using oxygen and glucose quicker and as a
result your heart rate increases to deliver more oxygen and glucose
to the cells that a 
respiring
 quicker. This also means more 
carbon
dioxide 
is removed too. It is also important as heat is carried away,
the blood carries heat away.
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What do you think is needed to get rid of
lactic acid?
 
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Oxygen can be used to break down the lactic acid into carbon dioxide
and water.
This gets rid of it.
The muscles recover from their fatigue
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Lactic Acid + Oxygen 
 Carbon dioxide + Water
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Lactic acid builds up during anaerobic respiration.
Lactic
Acid
Lactic
Acid
Lactic
Acid
Lactic
Acid
Lactic
Acid
Lactic
Acid
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Oxygen can break the lactic acid down, at a fixed rate.
Lactic
Acid
Lactic
Acid
Lactic
Acid
Lactic
Acid
Lactic
Acid
Lactic
Acid
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Carbon dioxide
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Oxygen debt depends on how much lactic acid was
produced.
Which depends on how long anaerobic respiration
was going for.
Complete the sentence in your book
The more lactic acid produced the greater the ……
 
Oxygen debt, therefore the greater the recovery
time.
 
 
 
 
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Photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction that takes in energy from its surroundings. The law of limiting factors explains how various factors such as light intensity, temperature, and CO2 concentration can impact the rate of photosynthesis. Additionally, the concept of the inverse square law helps understand the relationship between light intensity and distance in photosynthesis experiments.


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  1. Photosynthesis Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is an ENDOTHERMIC reaction what does this mean? Takes energy IN from it s surroundings

  2. What are limiting factors? What are limiting factors? The law of limiting factors states that: At any given moment, the rate of a physiological process is limited by the factor that is at its least favourable value. This factor is called a limiting factor because it limits the rate at which the process can take place. Changing the levels of other factors will not alter the rate of the process. Factors that can limit the rate of photosynthesis include: light intensity temperature CO2 concentration.

  3. Key Words rate of photosynthesis, light, temperature, concentration of carbon dioxide, increase, decrease, stays the same, limiting factor Challenge 1 Describe what is happening in each graph in section 1 and section 2 Challenge 2 Explain what is happening in each graph in section 1 and section 2

  4. Think about Independent variable Dependent variable Control variables

  5. The inverse square law The inverse square law When you double the distance from a light source, the light intensity falls by a factor of four. This is the inverse square law: Relative light intensity = 1 distance from light source2 Relative light intensity does not have a unit

  6. Effect of light distance on rate of photosynthesis 90 Relative light intensity = 1 80 distance from light source2 70 Number of bubbles per minute 60 50 Effect of light intensity on rate of photosynthesis 40 90 30 80 20 Number of bubbles per minute 10 70 RLI Number of bubbles per minute 0 60 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 100 84 Distance of light (cm) 50 40 44 84 Redo this table with relative light intensity instead of distance . You will need to use the inverse square law 30 25 76 20 6.25 52 10 0 4 26 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Relative light intensity

  7. Glucose is produced during photosynthesis and is used by the plant to make: Cellulose - which strengthens the cell wall Glucose is stored by plants as starch, fats and oils. Proteins - such as enzymes and chlorophyll

  8. Aerobic respiration Aerobic respiration Respiration is an EXOTHERMIC reaction GIVES energy to the surroundings

  9. Why do we respire? Why do we respire? Plants build s______ & n_______ into a______ a______ which then build p_______ Used to make _________ contract RESPIRATION Build up large molecules from small molecules Maintain constant body _________

  10. Why do we respire? Why do we respire? Plants build sugar & nitrates into amino acids which then build proteins Used to make muscles contract RESPIRATION Build up large molecules from small molecules Maintain constant body temperature

  11. Anaerobic Anaerobic Anaerobic = Without Oxygen O2

  12. Anaerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration The incomplete breakdown of glucose. Releases less energy than aerobic respiration. Temporary process.

  13. Anaerobic Respiration in animals Anaerobic Respiration in animals Glucose Lactic Acid + Energy Where does this occur? Cells

  14. Anaerobic Respiration in plants Anaerobic Respiration in plants Glucose ethanol + carbon dioxide Where does this occur? Used in bread making and alcohol

  15. What does the body need for releasing energy? The body s energy-releasing process depends on the digestive system and the breathing system. What are the substances supplied by these systems? glucose is the fuel supplied by the digestive system oxygen is supplied by the breathing system ? ?

  16. During exercise, the muscle cells respire more than they do at rest. This means that: Oxygen and glucose must be delivered to them more quickly Waste carbon dioxide must be removed more quickly This is achieved by increasing: volume of breathing rate of breathing heart rate

  17. What are the mistakes What are the mistakes Your body needs more energy because your muscles are contracting less. Energy is produced in respiration. Respiration needs carbon dioxide and glucose. Oxygen is taken in through the lungs and transported around the body in the blood. Glucose is absorbed in the large intestines and also transported around the body in the blood. Your muscles are using oxygen and glucose quicker and as a result your heart rate increases to deliver more oxygen and glucose to the cells that are respirating quicker. This also means more glycogen is removed too. It is also important as heat is carried away, the blood carries heat away.

  18. What are the mistakes What are the mistakes Your body needs more energy because your muscles are contracting more. Energy is released in respiration. Respiration needs oxygen and glucose. Oxygen is taken in through the lungs and transported around the body in the blood. Glucose is absorbed in the small intestines and also transported around the body in the blood. Your muscles are using oxygen and glucose quicker and as a result your heart rate increases to deliver more oxygen and glucose to the cells that a respiring quicker. This also means more carbon dioxide is removed too. It is also important as heat is carried away, the blood carries heat away.

  19. Recovery Recovery What do you think is needed to get rid of lactic acid? O2

  20. O2 Recovery with oxygen Recovery with oxygen Oxygen can be used to break down the lactic acid into carbon dioxide and water. This gets rid of it. The muscles recover from their fatigue Lactic Acid + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Water

  21. Oxygen Debt Oxygen Debt the amount of oxygen that is the amount of oxygen that is needed to oxidise the lactic acid needed to oxidise the lactic acid Lactic acid builds up during anaerobic respiration. Lactic Acid Lactic Acid Lactic Acid Lactic Acid Lactic Acid Lactic Acid

  22. Oxygen Debt Oxygen Debt the amount of oxygen that is the amount of oxygen that is needed to oxidise the lactic acid needed to oxidise the lactic acid Oxygen can break the lactic acid down, at a fixed rate. Lactic Acid Lactic Acid Lactic Acid Lactic Acid Lactic Acid Lactic Acid

  23. What gas was made when oxygen and lactic What gas was made when oxygen and lactic acid reacted? acid reacted? Carbon dioxide

  24. Oxygen debt is paid off during Oxygen debt is paid off during r recovery time ecovery time Oxygen debt depends on how much lactic acid was produced. Which depends on how long anaerobic respiration was going for. Complete the sentence in your book The more lactic acid produced the greater the Oxygen debt, therefore the greater the recovery time.

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