Enhancing Text Comprehension with English Vocabulary
Understanding unfamiliar words can improve text comprehension. This article sheds light on nuances in English vocabulary, offering insights into different argumentation styles. It emphasizes the vastness of English language and the varying levels of vocabulary proficiency, encouraging enthusiasts to delve deeper into word nuances for better understanding.
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TEKSTINYMMRTMISEN TUEKSI Tekstinymm rt misess voi v lill riitt , ett lukija on suurin piirtein selvill oudon sanan merkityksest . Useat ongelmat selvi v t asiayhteydest itsest n. Esim. jos substantiivin edell oleva adjektiivi on lukijalle outo, se ei voi olla aivan mit tahansa tarkoittava sana, vaan jotain, joka liittyy per ss tulevaan p sanaan. Ohessa muutamia englannin tapoja ilmaista erilaisia argumentoinnin suuntauksia. Joka sanalla on tietenkin oma erityismerkityksens , joten alla olevaa sanastoa ei voi vapaasti vaihdella kesken n. Hy ty on ehk niin p in, ett kun n et tekstiss jotain t m n tyylist sanastoa, pieni ni takaraivossasi voisi sanoa, ett m tied n merkityksen suunnilleen oikealle sein lle .
TEKSTINYMMRTMISEN TUEKSI Sosiaalisessa mediassa joku sanoi, ett meni usko omaan sanavarastoon, kun luki alla olevan pl j yksen. Ei tarvitse eik SAA menn . Englannin kieless on valtava m r sanoja, kuin t hti taivaalla. Kaikki t hdet eiv t n y maan pinnalle ja silti ne ovat siell jossain. Samalla lailla, kaikki enkun sanasto ei py ri lukio-opiskelijan arjessa, mutta se on siell jossain ja pulpahtelee vaikkapa ylpp rien tekstinymm rt misiss eteemme.
TEKSTINYMMRTMISEN TUEKSI T m artikkeli EI ole tarkoitettu luettavaksi kirjoituksia edelt v n iltana hermostuttamaan kokelasta. Tarkoitus on valaista niille, jotka luulivat tiet v ns , etteiv t he tienneetk n luulevansa, ett tiet v t englannin kielen sanaston. Enkusta l ytyy sanastotasoja, joita ei yleisess lukio-opetuksessa voida ottaa laaja- alaisesti esille, mutta joita esiintyy tekstinymm rt misosiossa erottelemassa porukkaa.
TEKSTINYMMRTMISEN TUEKSI Meist KUKAAN ei hallitse kaikkea tai edes suurinta osaa alla olevista listoista. Kiinnostu niist ajan kanssa ykk sell ja kakkosella, niin sinulla voi olla aikaa englannin kielen harrastajana omaksua niit ja ottaa selv sanojen nyansseista. Jollen ottaisi n it enkun mahdollisuuksia esille jossain, tekisin lukiolaisille karhunpalveluksen antaessani teid n luulla, ett koulussa esille otettava sanasto olisi suurin piirtein se, mit englannilla on ylip t n kenellek n tarjottavana. Joten pitemmitt puheitta, ENJOY! Terv. Maxx
COMPLICATED Byzantine (of attitudes, etc.), complex, convoluted, elaborate, interlaced, intricate, involved, labyrinthine, difficult, involved, perplexing, problematic, puzzling, troublesome
SIMPLE clear, easy, elementary, intelligible, lucid, manageable, plain, straightforward, uncomplicated, understandable, uninvolved classic, clean, natural, plain, Spartan, unadorned, uncluttered, unembellished, unfussy elementary, pure, single, unalloyed, unblended, uncombined, undivided, unmixed artless, childlike, frank, green, guileless, ingenuous, innocent, naive, natural, sincere, unaffected, unpretentious, unsophisticated, bald, basic, direct, frank, honest, naked, plain, sincere, stark, undeniable, unvarnished homely, humble, lowly, modest, rustic, unpretentious, brainless, credulous, dense, dumb, feeble, feeble-minded, foolish, half-witted, moronic, obtuse, shallow, silly, slow, stupid, thick
INSIGNIFICANT flimsy, immaterial, inconsequential, inconsiderable, irrelevant, meagre, meaningless, minor, negligible, nondescript, nonessential, not worth mentioning, nugatory, of no account, paltry, petty, scanty, trifling, trivial, unimportant, unsubstantial
IMPORTANT far-reaching, grave, large, material, meaningful, momentous, of substance, primary, salient, serious, signal, significant, substantial, urgent, weighty eminent, foremost, high-level, high-ranking, influential, leading, notable, noteworthy, of note, outstanding, powerful, pre-eminent, prominent, seminal, basic, essential, of concern {or} interest, relevant, valuable, valued
INCREASE add to, advance, aggrandize, amplify, augment, boost, build up, develop, dilate, enhance, enlarge, escalate, expand, extend, grow, heighten, inflate, intensify, magnify, mount, multiply, proliferate, prolong, raise, snowball, spread, step up, strengthen, swell, augmentation, boost, development, enlargement, escalation, expansion, extension, gain, growth, increment, intensification, rise, upsurge, upturn, on the increase, developing, escalating, expanding, growing, increasing, multiplying, on the rise, proliferating, spreading
DECREASE verb: abate, contract, curtail, cut down, decline, diminish, drop, dwindle, ease, fall off, lessen, lower, peter out, reduce, shrink, slacken, subside, wane noun: abatement, contraction, cutback, decline, diminution, downturn, dwindling, ebb, falling off, lessening, loss, reduction, shrinkage, subsidence
ORDINARY accustomed, common, customary, established, everyday, habitual, humdrum, normal, prevailing, quotidian, regular, routine, settled, standard, stock, typical, usual, wonted ,common,garden variety, conventional, familiar, homespun, household, humble, modest, plain, prosaic, run-of-the-mill, simple, unmemorable, unpretentious, unremarkable, workaday, average, commonplace, fair, indifferent, inferior, mean, mediocre, pedestrian, second-rate, stereotyped, undistinguished, unexceptional, uninspired, unremarkable
CLEAR bright, cloudless, fair, fine, halcyon, light, luminous, shining, sunny, unclouded, undimmed apparent, audible, coherent, comprehensible, conspicuous, definite, distinct, evident, explicit, express, incontrovertible, intelligible, lucid, manifest, obvious, palpable, patent, perceptible, plain, pronounced, recognizable, unambiguous, unequivocal, unmistakable, unquestionable,empty, free, open, smooth, unhampered, unhindered, unimpeded, unlimited, unobstructed, crystalline, glassy, limpid, lucid, see-through, transparent certain, convinced, decided, definite, positive, resolved, satisfied, sure, clean, guiltless, immaculate, innocent, pure, sinless, stainless, unblemished, undefiled, untarnished, untroubled
OUT OF THE ORDINARY atypical, distinguished, exceptional, exciting, extraordinary, high-calibre, imaginative, important, impressive, inspired, noteworthy, outstanding, rare, remarkable, significant, special, striking, superior, uncommon, unusual
SPECIAL distinguished, especial, exceptional, extraordinary, festive, gala, important, memorable, momentous, out of the ordinary, red-letter, significant, uncommon, unique, unusual appropriate, certain, characteristic, distinctive, especial, individual, particular, peculiar, precise, specialized, specific chief, main, major, particular, primary
LARGE big, bulky, colossal, considerable, enormous, giant, gigantic, goodly, great, huge, immense, jumbo, king-size, man-size, massive, monumental, sizable, substantial, tidy, vast abundant, ample, broad, capacious, comprehensive, copious, extensive, full, generous, grand, grandiose, liberal, plentiful, roomy, spacious, sweeping, wide
LITTLE diminutive, dwarf, elfin, infinitesimal, Lilliputian, mini, miniature, minute, petite, pygmy, short, slender, small, tiny, wee babyish, immature, infant, junior, undeveloped, young hardly any, insufficient, meagre, scant, skimpy, small, sparse, brief, fleeting, hasty, passing, short, short-lived inconsiderable, insignificant, minor, negligible, paltry, trifling, trivial, unimportant, base, cheap, illiberal, mean, narrow- minded, petty, small-minded
NEW advanced, contemporary, current, different, fresh, latest, modern, modernistic, modish, newfangled, novel, original, recent, topical, ultramodern, unfamiliar, unknown, unused, unusual, up-to-date, virgin , extra, more, supplementary, altered, changed, improved, modernized, redesigned, renewed, restored
OLD advanced in years, aged, ancient, decrepit, elderly, full of years, getting on in years, grey, grey-haired, grizzled, hoary, mature, over the hill, past one s prime, patriarchal, senescent, senile, venerable antediluvian, antiquated, antique, cast-off, crumbling, dated, decayed, done, hackneyed, obsolete, old-fashioned, outdated, outmoded, out of date, pass , stale, superannuated, timeworn, unfashionable, unoriginal, worn-out aboriginal, antique, archaic, bygone, early, immemorial, of old, of yore, olden (Archaic), original, primeval, primitive, primordial, pristine, remote, age- old, experienced, familiar, hardened, long-established, of long standing, practised, skilled, time-honoured, traditional, versed, veteran, vintage earlier, erstwhile, ex-, former, one-time, previous
RECENT contemporary, current, fresh, late, latter, latter-day, modern, new, novel, present-day, up-to-date, young
USEFUL advantageous, all-purpose, beneficial, effective, fruitful, general-purpose, helpful, of help, of service, of use, practical, profitable, salutary, serviceable, valuable, worthwhile
USELESS bootless, disadvantageous, fruitless, futile, hopeless, idle, impractical, ineffective, ineffectual, of no use, pointless, profitless, unavailing, unproductive, unworkable, vain, valueless, worthless, hopeless, incompetent, ineffectual, inept, no good, stupid, weak
ESSENTIAL crucial, important, indispensable, necessary, needed, requisite, vital, basic, cardinal, constitutional, elemental, elementary, fundamental, inherent, innate, intrinsic, key, main, principal absolute, complete, ideal, perfect, quintessential, concentrated, distilled, extracted, rectified, refined, volatile basic, fundamental, must, necessity, prerequisite, principle, requisite, rudiment, sine qua non, vital part
FREQUENT common, constant, continual, customary, everyday, familiar, habitual, incessant, numerous, persistent, recurrent, recurring, reiterated, repeated, usual,frequent
RARE exceptional, few, infrequent, out of the ordinary, recherch , scarce, singular, sparse, sporadic, strange, thin on the ground, uncommon, unusual admirable, choice, excellent, exquisite, extreme, fine, great, incomparable, peerless, superb, superlative invaluable, precious, priceless, rich
CERTAIN assured, confident, convinced, positive, satisfied, sure ascertained, conclusive, incontrovertible, indubitable, irrefutable, known, plain, true, undeniable, undoubted, unequivocal, unmistakable, valid bound, definite, destined, fated, ineluctable, inescapable, inevitable, inexorable, sure decided, definite, established, fixed, settled assured, constant, dependable, reliable, stable, steady, trustworthy, unfailing, unquestionable, express, individual, particular, precise, special, specific
UNCERTAIN ambiguous, chancy, conjectural, doubtful, incalculable, indefinite, indeterminate, indistinct, questionable, risky, speculative, undetermined, unforeseeable, unpredictable ambivalent, doubtful, dubious, hazy, in two minds, irresolute, unclear, unconfirmed, undecided, undetermined, unfixed, unresolved, unsettled, unsure, up in the air, vague, changeable, erratic, fitful, hesitant, inconstant, insecure, irregular, precarious, unpredictable, unreliable, vacillating, variable, wavering
POSSIBLE conceivable, credible, hypothetical, imaginable, likely, potential attainable, doable, feasible, practicable, realizable, viable, within reach, workable hopeful, likely, potential, probable, promising
IMPOSSIBLE beyond one, beyond the bounds of possibility, hopeless, impracticable, inconceivable, not to be thought of, out of the question, unachievable, unattainable, unobtainable, unthinkable absurd, inadmissible, insoluble, intolerable, ludicrous, outrageous, preposterous, unacceptable, unanswerable, ungovernable, unreasonable, unsuitable, unworkable
ABSOLUTE complete, consummate, downright, entire, out-and- out, outright, perfect, pure, sheer, thorough, total, unadulterated, unalloyed, unmitigated, unmixed, unqualified, utter, actual, categorical, certain, conclusive, decided, decisive, definite, exact, genuine, infallible, positive, precise, sure, unambiguous, unequivocal, unquestionable absolutist, arbitrary, autocratic, autonomous, despotic, dictatorial, full, sovereign, supreme, tyrannical, unbounded, unconditional, unlimited, unqualified, unquestionable, unrestrained, unrestricted
VOLUNTARY discretional, free, gratuitous, honorary, intended, intentional, optional, spontaneous, uncompelled, unconstrained, unforced, unpaid, volunteer, willing
OPTIONAL discretionary, elective, extra, noncompulsory, open, possible, up to the individual, voluntary
COMPULSORY binding, de rigueur, forced, imperative, mandatory, obligatory, required, requisite
FUTURE approaching, coming, destined, eventual, expected, fated, forthcoming, impending, in the offing, later, prospective, subsequent, to be, to come, ultimate, unborn
PAST accomplished, completed, done, elapsed, ended, extinct, finished, forgotten, gone, over, over and done with, spent, ancient, bygone, early, erstwhile, foregoing, former, late, long-ago, olden, preceding, previous, prior, quondam, recent
POWERFUL energetic, mighty, potent, robust, stalwart, strapping, strong, sturdy, vigorous authoritative, commanding, controlling, dominant, influential, prevailing, puissant, sovereign, supreme, cogent, compelling, convincing, effective, effectual, forceful, forcible, impressive, persuasive, telling, weighty
QUICK active, brief, brisk, cursory, expeditious, express, fast, fleet, hasty, headlong, hurried, perfunctory, prompt, rapid, speedy, sudden, swift, agile, alert, animated, energetic, flying, keen, lively, nimble, spirited, sprightly, spry, vivacious, winged able, acute, adept, adroit, all there, apt, astute, bright, clever, deft, dexterous, discerning, intelligent, nimble-witted, perceptive, quick on the uptake, quick-witted, receptive, sharp, shrewd, skilful, smart abrupt, curt, excitable, hasty, impatient, irascible, irritable, passionate, petulant, testy, touchy
SLOW creeping, dawdling, deliberate, easy, lackadaisical, laggard, lagging, lazy, leaden, leisurely, loitering, measured, plodding, ponderous, slow-moving, sluggardly, sluggish, tortoise-like, unhurried backward, behind, behindhand, delayed, dilatory, late, long- delayed, tardy, unpunctual gradual, lingering, long- drawn-out, prolonged, protracted, time-consuming, behind the times, boring, conservative, dead, dead- and-alive, dull, inactive, one-horse, quiet, slack, sleepy, sluggish, stagnant, tame, tedious, uneventful, uninteresting, unproductive, unprogressive, wearisome, blockish, bovine, dense, dim, dull, dull-witted, dumb, obtuse, retarded, slow on the uptake, slow-witted, stupid, thick, unresponsive,averse, disinclined, hesitant, indisposed, loath, reluctant, unwilling
DEFINITE clear, clear-cut, clearly defined, determined, exact, explicit, express, fixed, marked, obvious, particular, precise, specific assured, certain, decided, guaranteed, positive, settled, sure
ACTIVE acting, astir, at work, doing, effectual, functioning, in action, in force, in operation, live, moving, operative, running, stirring, working bustling, busy, engaged, full, hard-working, involved, occupied, on the go, on the move, strenuous alert, animated, diligent, energetic, industrious, lively, nimble, quick, spirited, sprightly, spry, vibrant, vigorous, vital, vivacious activist, aggressive, ambitious, assertive, committed, devoted, energetic, engaged, enterprising, enthusiastic, forceful, forward, hard- working, industrious, militant, zealous
PASSIVE acquiescent, compliant, docile, enduring, inactive, inert, lifeless, long-suffering, nonviolent, patient, quiescent, receptive, resigned, submissive, unassertive, uninvolved, unresisting
HAPPY blessed, blest, blissful, blithe, cheerful, content, contented, delighted, ecstatic, elated, glad, gratified, jolly, joyful, joyous, jubilant, merry, overjoyed, over the moon, pleased, sunny, thrilled, walking on air, advantageous, appropriate, apt, auspicious, befitting, convenient, enviable, favourable, felicitous, fortunate, lucky, opportune, promising, propitious, satisfactory, seasonable, successful, timely, well-timed
UNHAPPY blue, crestfallen, dejected, depressed, despondent, disconsolate, dispirited, down, downcast, gloomy, long-faced, melancholy, miserable, mournful, sad, sorrowful cursed, hapless, ill-fated, ill-omened, luckless, unfortunate, unlucky, wretched awkward, clumsy, gauche, ill-advised, ill-timed, inappropriate, inept, infelicitous, injudicious, malapropos, tactless, unsuitable, untactful
TEKSTINYMMRTMISEN TUEKSI JOS EI N ILL LAUDATUR IRTOA, NIIN JOHAN ON KUMMA.
