Enhancing Vocabulary Instruction for Academic Success
Growing Language with Intentional Interactions presentation
(adapted)
Christina M. Cassano, Ed.D.
Materials prepared for Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, Early Grades Literacy Grant,
(2019).
·
Key messages
~
Reading and writing “float on a sea of talk."
~ We learn language by using language.
~ Intentional interactions “grow” language.
~ Guarantee every child a voice!
A look at the research
V
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a
b
u
l
a
r
y
d
e
v
e
l
o
p
m
e
n
t
Is dependent on frequency and quality of input
Evidences variability early in development
Is predictive of reading comprehension and
recovery reading failure
Is essential for the success of EL students
Exhibits variable growth rates
Is correlated with academic success
E
a
r
l
y
v
o
c
a
b
u
l
a
r
y
i
m
p
a
c
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s
75 to 88% of the children who struggle with reading
in K-2 will continue to struggle throughout their
school careers.
The “improvers” have higher levels of vocabulary
(as well as phonological awareness and self
regulation) compared to “non improvers.”
The importance of oral vocabulary increases with
each grade level.
Thus, low levels of vocabulary knowledge early on initiate a longer term chain of negative effects!
Supporting word learning and learning conversations
S
t
r
a
t
e
g
i
e
s
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t
Child friendly definitions/explanations,
Rephrasing in your own words
P
h
y
s
i
c
a
l
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
Gesturing, Using your voice, Acting out
concepts or vocabulary through role play
C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e
s
u
p
p
o
r
t
Objects and illustrations, Media
L
e
a
r
n
i
n
g
C
o
n
v
e
r
s
a
t
i
o
n
s
Expose students to new words
Actively engage students
Offer opportunities to practice new words
Extend understanding of known words
Provide feedback
Elicit talk
Provide information about students’ vocabulary
and conceptual knowledge
(Collins, 2012)
A note on controlled texts: Leveled texts have been specifically designed to have reduced vocabulary
and comprehension demands. Thus they offer few opportunities to learn new words and concepts.
Dimensions of vocabulary and vocabulary instruction
Breadth and depth of academic vocabulary are essential for reading comprehension and academic
success.
Depth knowledge is more predictive of later decoding and reading comprehension than is breadth.
(NELP, 2008; Townsend et al., 2012).
Unfortunately… vocabulary instruction occurs rarely!
• When it occurs, the focus is on breadth of knowledge, not depth. (This issue is worse in schools
serving economically disadvantaged children.)
• Evidence shows little improvement in the amount of vocabulary instruction even after professional
development was provided!
(Silverman & Crandell)
How to teach for breadth AND depth - immersion and flooding
I
m
m
e
r
s
e
c
h
i
l
d
r
e
n
i
n
a
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,
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w
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g
.
Children never learn words they do not hear.
Ever!
They must be immersed in or flooded with word-
and world-learning opportunities.
Foster word consciousness and knowledge
seeking.
“
F
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d
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g
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Children learn vocabulary by LISTENING when we:
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!
Target at least 10 words/week
Provide meaningful information that extends
beyond definitions
Use repetition
Consider multiple meanings
M
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!
“It says that crayfish have exoskeletons. Say
exoskeletons. Isn’t that a fun word to say?
Exoskeleton. I looked exoskeleton up in a
dictionary. It means they don’t have bones
inside their bodies like we do…”
A
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p
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!
My purpose in teaching you this is...
The big idea I want to think about is...
Compared to yesterday, this…
Looking at this, I can infer......
Based on what I know, I can predict...
If I choose to do this, then I will have to…
E
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d
w
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-
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a
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!
“Animals that lay eggs are oviparous. Oviparous
means having babies that hatch from eggs—are
not born alive—like we are.”
Children learn vocabulary by SPEAKING when we:
P
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d
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s
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p
p
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t
u
n
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t
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e
s
!
Embed word learning strategies INTO the
conversation.
Elicit target words to support word learning.
Point and call.
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!
Scaffolding decontextualized language use
Hinting
Pumping
Splicing
Prompting
Summarizing
Expansion
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!
Responsive
Instructive
Recursive
Persistent
Succinct
Children learn vocabulary by READING and WRITING across
the content areas when we:
U
s
e
i
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
v
e
r
e
a
d
a
l
o
u
d
s
!
Promotes love of reading
Expands children’s word and world knowledge
Familiarizes children with complex syntax &
decontextualized language
Supports listening comprehension
Provides anticipatory guidance
F
o
s
t
e
r
w
o
r
d
a
n
d
w
o
r
l
d
c
o
n
s
c
i
o
u
s
n
e
s
s
!
Explore content in depth
Be a word detective and knowledge seeker!
Use words across a variety of different contexts.
Engage children in word games that deepen
children’s understanding of some words (e.g.,
“I’m thinking of a word…”)
Effective vocabulary development is crucial for academic success, particularly in early grades. This presentation emphasizes intentional interactions, research on vocabulary impact, strategies for supporting word learning, and the importance of both breadth and depth in academic vocabulary instruction. Providing concrete support and semantic assistance can significantly enhance vocabulary growth and comprehension skills, ultimately improving overall educational outcomes.
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Presentation Transcript
Growing Language with Intentional Interactions presentation (adapted) Christina M. Cassano, Ed.D. Materials prepared for Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, Early Grades Literacy Grant, (2019).
Key messages ~ Reading and writing float on a sea of talk." ~ We learn language by using language. ~ Intentional interactions grow language. ~ Guarantee every child a voice!
A look at the research Vocabulary development Early vocabulary impacts later outcomes Is dependent on frequency and quality of input 75 to 88% of the children who struggle with reading in K-2 will continue to struggle throughout their school careers. Evidences variability early in development Is predictive of reading comprehension and recovery reading failure The improvers have higher levels of vocabulary (as well as phonological awareness and self regulation) compared to non improvers. Is essential for the success of EL students The importance of oral vocabulary increases with each grade level. Exhibits variable growth rates Is correlated with academic success Thus, low levels of vocabulary knowledge early on initiate a longer term chain of negative effects!
Supporting word learning and learning conversations Learning Conversations Strategies to support word learning Expose students to new words Actively engage students Offer opportunities to practice new words Extend understanding of known words Provide feedback Elicit talk Provide information about students vocabulary and conceptual knowledge (Collins, 2012) Semantic support Child friendly definitions/explanations, Rephrasing in your own words Physical support Gesturing, Using your voice, Acting out concepts or vocabulary through role play Concrete support Objects and illustrations, Media A note on controlled texts: Leveled texts have been specifically designed to have reduced vocabulary and comprehension demands. Thus they offer few opportunities to learn new words and concepts.
Dimensions of vocabulary and vocabulary instruction Breadth and depth of academic vocabulary are essential for reading comprehension and academic success. Depth knowledge is more predictive of later decoding and reading comprehension than is breadth. (NELP, 2008; Townsend et al., 2012). Unfortunately vocabulary instruction occurs rarely! When it occurs, the focus is on breadth of knowledge, not depth. (This issue is worse in schools serving economically disadvantaged children.) Evidence shows little improvement in the amount of vocabulary instruction even after professional development was provided! (Silverman & Crandell)
How to teach for breadth AND depth - immersion and flooding Immerse children in an array of language experiences so that they learn words through listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Flooding provides opportunities for: Listening Use frequent, rich, and extended language Model curiosity and interest in words Use word learning strategies Be precise and intentional! Children never learn words they do not hear. Ever! They must be immersed in or flooded with word- and world-learning opportunities. Speaking Offer extended discourse opportunities Scaffold, support, and extend children s language Foster word consciousness and knowledge seeking. Reading & writing across the content areas Use interactive read alouds Foster world and word consciousness
Children learn vocabulary by LISTENING when we: Use frequent, rich, and extended language! Target at least 10 words/week Provide meaningful information that extends beyond definitions Use repetition Consider multiple meanings Are intentional and precise! My purpose in teaching you this is... The big idea I want to think about is... Compared to yesterday, this Looking at this, I can infer...... Based on what I know, I can predict... If I choose to do this, then I will have to Model curiosity and interest in words! It says that crayfish have exoskeletons. Say exoskeletons. Isn t that a fun word to say? Exoskeleton. I looked exoskeleton up in a dictionary. It means they don t have bones inside their bodies like we do Embed word learning into teacher-talk! Animals that lay eggs are oviparous. Oviparous means having babies that hatch from eggs are not born alive like we are.
Children learn vocabulary by SPEAKING when we: Provide daily, extended discourse opportunities! Embed word learning strategies INTO the conversation. Elicit target words to support word learning. Point and call. Provide scaffolding during individual and group conversations! Scaffolding decontextualized language use Hinting Pumping Splicing Prompting Summarizing Expansion Provide explicit feedback that addresses children s (mis)understandings or (mis)application of word/world knowledge! Responsive Instructive Recursive Persistent Succinct
Children learn vocabulary by READING and WRITING across the content areas when we: Use interactive read alouds! Foster word and world consciousness! Promotes love of reading Explore content in depth Be a word detective and knowledge seeker! Expands children s word and world knowledge Familiarizes children with complex syntax & decontextualized language Use words across a variety of different contexts. Engage children in word games that deepen children s understanding of some words (e.g., I m thinking of a word ) Supports listening comprehension Provides anticipatory guidance
