Understanding Contrast Radiography in Veterinary Surgery and Radiology

Fourth Professional UNIT 3
RADIOLOGY-5
F
Dr. Ramesh Tiwary
Assistant Professor
Deptt. of Vet. Surgery and Radiology
CONTRAST RADIOGRAPHY
 
Contrast media
 
Substances that attenuates the beam to a   
 
different
degree than the surrounding 
 
tissue
 
Used to enhance areas of the body that have
 
the same attenuation of surrounding tissue
 
Contrast media increases contrast on film
 
Basic Radiographic Opacities
Basic Radiographic Opacities
 
Radiographic image:
 It is produced when
x- ray goes through the body part:
penetration and absorption,
 
hence==
 What you got??
 
Basic radiographic opacities
 
 
  Air              Fat          Water         Bone       Metal/+Contrast
BLACK
GREY
 
 
GREY 
 
GREY
 
WHITE
WHITE
 
Contrast Radiography
Contrast Radiography
 
Tissue radio density and its surrounding is
deliberately altered, for better visualization
and demarcation.
Group of radiographic procedures performed
by administration of a contrast medium
What for??
Visualization of individual organs
Enhance lesions in a particular organ
Some physiologic information
Always performed after a survey radiograph
 
Contrast Media
Contrast Media
 
Positive Contrast Media
 
(absorb X rays = radiopaque)
Barium (inert, not metabolized or absorbed)
Liquid
Paste
Iodine: Tri – iodinated derivatives of benzoic acid
Ionic-Diatrizoate, Iothalamate (Anion)
               Sodium, Meglumine (Cation)
Non – ionic
                 Iohexol, Iopamidole
 
The elements used for positive contrast should
have atomic number (Z) above 50. Example -
56
Barium,   
53
Iodine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Negative Contrast Media
 
 
(do not absorb X rays = radiolucent)
Air
Carbon dioxide
Nitrous oxide
 
Not used with ruptured GIT as it will lead to
inflammation, formation of granulomatus mass and
fibroma.
Barium Sulphate preparation
 
Insoluble
  Non absorbable by GIT
 
Water Soluble Iodine Compound
Commonly used contrast medium having
low osmolarity.
 
1.
Sodium salt of Iothalamic
2.
Meglumine salt of Iothalamic
3.
Sodium salt of Ditriazoic
4.
Meglumine salt of Ditriazoic
 
 
Water soluble organic iodine.
Very useful in liver functions
Excreted exclusively through biliary-system
Hence used for outlining biliary system and gall bladder
Mostly used as IV
Intravenous preparations 
– Meglumine iodoxamate, ioglycamate,
    
iotroxate.
Oral preparation 
:- Sodium iopodate, iopanoic acid
 
CHOLECYSTAPAQUES
 
Viscous and Oily preparation
 
 
Used for Myelography if Non-iodine low osmolarity
medium not available
.
 
EXAMPLES OF CONTRAST RADIOGRAPHY
 
1.
Dacrocystorhinography
 
:
 
Nasolacrymal duct
2.
Sialography
   
:
 
Salivary gland
3.
Bronchography
  
:
 
Bronchioles
4.
Reticulography
  
:
 
Reticulum
5.
Pneumocystography
  
:
 
Abdominal Cavity
6.
Intravenous Pyelography
 
:
 
Urinary tract
7.
Myelography
  
:
 
Spinal Cord
8.
Arthrography
  
:
 
Joints
9.
Fasciography
  
:
 
Tendon and associated structures
10.
Osteomedullography
 
:
 
Channels of long bones.
11.
Angiography
  
:
 
Arteries
12.
Urethrography
  
:
 
Urethra
13.
Cystography
  
:
 
Urinary Bladder
 
 
 
Principles
 
Mucosal Mass
 
Sub Mucosal or Intra mural mass
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Contrast radiography is a crucial technique in veterinary medicine that involves using contrast media to enhance visualization of organs and lesions. Different types of contrast media, positive and negative, are used to alter tissue radio density for better demarcation. Barium and iodine compounds are common positive contrast media, while air and carbon dioxide are examples of negative contrast media. Water-soluble iodine compounds are also commonly used in contrast radiography to enhance imaging quality.


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  1. CONTRAST RADIOGRAPHY Fourth Professional UNIT 3 Dr. Ramesh Tiwary Assistant Professor Deptt. of Vet. Surgery and Radiology

  2. Contrast media Substances that attenuates the beam to a different degree than the surrounding tissue Used to enhance areas of the body that have the same attenuation of surrounding tissue Contrast media increases contrast on film

  3. Basic Radiographic Opacities Radiographic image: It is produced when x- ray goes through the body part: penetration and absorption, hence== What you got?? Basic radiographic opacities Air Fat Water Bone Metal/+Contrast BLACK GREY GREY GREY WHITE

  4. Contrast Radiography Tissue radio density and its surrounding is deliberately altered, for better visualization and demarcation. Group of radiographic procedures performed by administration of a contrast medium What for?? Visualization of individual organs Enhance lesions in a particular organ Some physiologic information Always performed after a survey radiograph

  5. Contrast Media Positive Contrast Media (absorb X rays = radiopaque) Barium (inert, not metabolized or absorbed) Liquid Paste Iodine: Tri iodinated derivatives of benzoic acid Ionic-Diatrizoate, Iothalamate (Anion) Sodium, Meglumine (Cation) Non ionic Iohexol, Iopamidole The elements used for positive contrast should have atomic number (Z) above 50. Example - 56Barium, 53Iodine

  6. Negative Contrast Media (do not absorb X rays = radiolucent) Air Carbon dioxide Nitrous oxide

  7. Barium Sulphate preparation Insoluble Non absorbable by GIT Not used with ruptured GIT as it will lead to inflammation, formation of granulomatus mass and fibroma.

  8. Water Soluble Iodine Compound Commonly used contrast medium having low osmolarity. 1. Sodium salt of Iothalamic 2. Meglumine salt of Iothalamic 3. Sodium salt of Ditriazoic 4. Meglumine salt of Ditriazoic

  9. CHOLECYSTAPAQUES Very useful in liver functions Excreted exclusively through biliary-system Hence used for outlining biliary system and gall bladder Mostly used as IV Water soluble organic iodine. Intravenous preparations Meglumine iodoxamate, ioglycamate, Oral preparation :- Sodium iopodate, iopanoic acid iotroxate.

  10. Viscous and Oily preparation Used for Myelography if Non-iodine low osmolarity medium not available.

  11. EXAMPLES OF CONTRAST RADIOGRAPHY 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Osteomedullography 11. Angiography 12. Urethrography 13. Cystography Dacrocystorhinography Sialography Bronchography Reticulography Pneumocystography Intravenous Pyelography Myelography Arthrography Fasciography : : : : : : : : : : : : : Nasolacrymal duct Salivary gland Bronchioles Reticulum Abdominal Cavity Urinary tract Spinal Cord Joints Tendon and associated structures Channels of long bones. Arteries Urethra Urinary Bladder

  12. Principles C A B extrinsic mass mucosal mass submucosal or intramural mass

  13. Mucosal Mass B A

  14. Sub Mucosal or Intra mural mass

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