AFLEET Tool for Examining Emissions and Costs of Alternative Fuel Vehicles

AFLEET is a tool developed by Argonne National Laboratory to analyze the emissions and costs of alternative fuel vehicles. It provides insights into the benefits of using different fuel technologies and helps in decision-making for vehicle fleet management. The tool includes calculations for emissions, costs, and benefits of various vehicle types and fuels. Users can access data sources, calculation methods, and analyze air pollutant emissions for gasoline and diesel vehicles.

• AFLEET Tool
• Alternative Fuel Vehicles
• Emissions Analysis
• Vehicle Fleet Management
• Argonne National Laboratory

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1. AFLEET TOOL TO EXAMINE EMISSIONS AND COSTS OF ALTERNATIVE FUEL VEHICLES ANDREW BURNHAM Principal Environmental Scientist aburnham@anl.gov NASEO VW Settlement Emissions Tools Webinar March 29, 2017

2. ARGONNE HAS SUPPORTED DOES CLEAN CITIES WITH TOOL DEVELOPMENT FOR 15+ YEARS AirCRED O3precursor & CO emission credits from AFVs for SIPs Clean Cities AOI 4 Emissions Benefit Tool GHG & air pollutant benefits of ARRA grant proposals GREET Fleet Footprint Calculator Petroleum use & GHG footprints of HDVs & off-road equipment 2

3. AFLEET TOOL TO ANALYZE AFV COSTS & BENEFITS Examines light-duty & heavy-duty vehicle: Petroleum use GHG emissions Air pollutant emissions Cost of ownership Contains 16 fuel/vehicle technologies Conventional Hybrids Plug-in electrics Alternative fuels: CNG, LNG, LPG, H2, ethanol, biodiesel Includes 7 Major Vehicle Types Cost, MPG, & VMT data on 23 vocations AFLEET Tool 2016 & its user manual available at: http://greet.es.anl.gov/afleet 3

4. AFLEET TOOLS CALCULATION METHODS Tool has 3 calculation methods & which to use depends on your goals Simple Payback Calculator Annual emissions & simple payback of purchasing new AFV vs. conventional counterpart Total Cost of Ownership Calculator Lifetime emissions & NPV of costs over the years of planned ownership of a new vehicle Fleet Energy and Emissions Footprint Calculator Annual petroleum use, GHGs & air pollutant emissions of existing & new vehicles 4

5. AFLEET TOOLS MAJOR DATA SOURCES Argonne s GREET 2015 model WTW petroleum use & GHG coefficients & fuel economy data Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Price Report Fuel pricing by state EPA s MOVES 2014a model Vehicle operation air pollutant emission factors by state 5

6. AFLEET VEHICLE AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS Generate MOVES emission factors for gasoline & diesel vehicles NOx, PM10, PM2.5, VOCs, CO LDV = passenger car & truck; light commercial truck HDV = school & transit bus; refuse; single unit & combination trucks Emissions for both old & new vehicles in current year Can develop footprint & examine benefit of removing old vehicles Deterioration rates for new vehicles Can examine future emissions of new vehicles 6

7. AFLEET VEHICLE AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS Use relative AFV emission estimates from GREET Recently developed GREET HDV module examined in-use emissions AFLEET multiplies MOVES emission factors and GREET AFV relative emission rates AFV compared to appropriate counterpart engine, e.g. Propane compared w/ gasoline Biodiesel compared w/ diesel AFLEET does not include upstream or electricity generation emissions 7

8. AFLEET TOOL 2017 PLANNED UPDATES Option to examine HDVs with low-NOx engines Idling emissions and idle reduction technologies Upstream & vehicle production emissions Renewable diesel Online user interface 8

9. AFLEET SUMMARY Argonne developed AFLEET for DOE Clean Cities to assist stakeholders & fleet operators nationwide AFLEET can help estimate the economic and environmental costs and benefits of AFVs Inform new vehicle purchases Examine energy and emissions footprint of existing vehicles Default data provided for key inputs Using your own data makes your analysis more meaningful AFV in-use air pollutant emissions based on EPA s MOVES and Argonne s GREET models 9

10. THANK YOU!!! Argonne National Laboratory s work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy This work has been supported and assisted by: Linda Bluestein: U.S. Department of Energy Dennis Smith: U.S. Department of Energy Marcy Rood Werpy: Argonne Michael Wang: Argonne Hao Cai: Argonne Kelly Vazquez, Luis Gomes, Kevin Lee, Walter Schaefer 10

11. BACKUP SLIDES

12. AFLEET TUTORIAL DEMO #1 Using the Fleet Energy & Emissions Footprint Calculator to Examine Existing Fleet 12

13. AFLEET TUTORIAL FLEET ENERGY & EMISSIONS FOOTPRINT CALCULATOR 1st step: enter location on Inputs sheet Primary Vehicle Location State County CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES 2nd step: if necessary, adjust fuel production assumptions on Inputs sheet Biodiesel Feedstock Source 1 1 - Soy 2 - Algae 1 - Corn 2 - Switchgrass 1 - North American NG 2 - Renewable NG - Wastewater Treatment 3 - Landfill Gas 1 - North American NG 2 - Renewable NG - Wastewater Treatment 3 - Landfill Gas Ethanol Feedstock Source 1 CNG Feedstock Source 1 LNG Feedstock Source 1 North American NG Feedstock Source Conventional 66% NG 69% Shale 34% Petroleum 31% LPG Feedstock Source Source of Electricity for PHEVs, EVs, and FCVs (Electrolysis) 1 1 - Average U.S. Mix 2 to 11 - EIA Region Mix (see map) 12 - User Defined (go to 'Background Data' sheet) 1 - Refueling Station SMR (On-site) 2 - Central Plant SMR (Off-site) 3 - Refueling Station Electrolysis (On-site) G.H2 Production Process 1 13

14. AFLEET TUTORIAL FLEET ENERGY & EMISSIONS FOOTPRINT CALCULATOR 4th step: copy and paste fleet data into Footprint sheet Model year Annual mileage Fuel use 5th step: adjust vehicle type via drop-down Fuel Use Vehicle Operation Air Pollutant Emissions (lb) Annual Vehicle Mileage GHG (short tons) PM10 (TBW) PM2.5 (TBW) VOC (Evap) Model Year Petroleum Use (barrels) Gasoline (gal) 513 516 518 521 524 527 530 533 536 538 541 544 497 500 502 505 508 510 513 515 518 521 523 526 528 Diesel (gal) Gasoline HEV (gal) CO NOx PM10 PM2.5 VOC Vehicle Type Passenger Car Passenger Car Passenger Car Passenger Car Passenger Car Passenger Car Passenger Car Passenger Car Passenger Car Passenger Car Passenger Car Passenger Car Passenger Car Passenger Car Passenger Car Passenger Car Passenger Car Passenger Car Passenger Car Passenger Car Passenger Car Passenger Car Passenger Car Passenger Car Passenger Car 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 10,255 10,312 10,369 10,426 10,483 10,540 10,597 10,654 10,711 10,768 10,825 10,882 10,939 10,996 11,053 11,110 11,167 11,224 11,281 11,338 11,395 11,452 11,509 11,566 11,623 10.7 10.8 10.8 10.9 10.9 11.0 11.1 11.1 11.2 11.2 11.3 11.4 10.4 10.4 10.5 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.7 10.8 10.8 10.9 10.9 11.0 11.0 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.4 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.2 6.2 92.4 92.9 93.4 93.9 94.4 94.9 95.5 96.0 96.5 97.0 97.5 98.0 67.6 68.0 68.3 68.7 69.0 69.4 69.7 70.1 70.4 70.8 71.1 71.5 71.8 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.1 7.1 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.4 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 14 Note: Several fuels are not shown for clarity in this presentation

15. AFLEET TUTORIAL FLEET ENERGY & EMISSIONS FOOTPRINT CALCULATOR View existing fleet results on Footprint Outputs sheet 300 $12,000 $10,000 250 Petroleum Use (barrels) or GHGs (short tons) $8,000 Petroleum Use GHG Emissions (barrels) 272 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 272 Passenger Truck ial Truck CO (lb) NOx (lb) 138 PM10 (lb) PM2.5 (lb) VOC (lb) 141 Vehicle Type Passenger Car Passenger Truck Light Commercial Truck School Bus Transit Bus Refuse Truck Single Unit Short-Haul Truck Single Unit Long-Haul Truck Combination Short-Haul Truck Combination Long-Haul Truck Total (short tons) 200 153 2,049 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Externality Cost $6,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 $4,000 $2,000 100 $0 Single Unit Short- Haul Truck Single Unit Combinat ion Short- Haul Truck Combinat ion Long- Haul Truck Light Commerc 50 153 2,049 Refuse Truck 138 Long-Haul Truck 141 Passenger Car School Bus Transit Bus 0 Petroleum Use $4,215 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Single Unit Short- Haul Truck Single Unit Long- Haul Truck Combinati on Short- Haul Truck Combinati on Long- Haul Truck GHG Emissions $5,715 $0 Light $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Passenger Car $0 $9 Passenger Truck $0 $0 School Bus Transit Bus Refuse Truck Commerci al Truck $0 CO $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 NOx $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 PM10 $97 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Petroleum Use PM2.5 272 $281 0 $0 0 $0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 GHG Emissions VOC 153 $788 0 $0 0 $0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 15

16. AFLEET TUTORIAL DEMO #2 Using Simple Payback and TCO Calculators to Compare Potential Acquisitions 16

17. AFLEET TUTORIAL SIMPLE PAYBACK AND TCO CALCULATORS 1st step: enter key inputs on Inputs sheet State, County (for externalities) & vehicle type (via drop-down) # of vehicles, VMT, MPGGE, and purchase price Default and MPDGE reference values available (to the side of below tables) Can simulate both an LDV and HDV Primary Vehicle Location State County Light-Duty Vehicle Information Vehicle Type Vehicle Type CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES Heavy-Duty Vehicle Information Passenger Car Transit Bus Purchase Price ($/Vehicle) $0 $300,000 $750,000 $1,800,000 $510,000 $0 $300,000 $300,000 $0 $0 $360,000 Purchase Price ($/Vehicle) $20,000 $22,500 $23,000 $32,500 $34,000 $30,000 $58,500 $22,500 $22,500 $20,000 $26,000 $27,000 $350,000 $0 Number of Heavy-Duty Vehicles 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Annual Vehicle Mileage 0 35,000 35,000 35,000 35,000 0 35,000 35,000 0 0 35,000 Fuel Economy (MPDGE) 3.4 4.1 11.3 6.8 5.7 5.3 4.1 4.1 3.4 3.4 3.5 Number of Light-Duty Vehicles 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 0 0 Annual Vehicle Mileage 11,000 11,000 11,000 11,000 11,000 11,000 11,000 11,000 11,000 11,000 11,000 11,000 35,000 0 Fuel Economy (MPGGE) 28.8 34.6 40.3 42.9 41.2 95.0 57.3 34.6 34.6 28.8 28.8 27.4 3.5 3.9 Heavy-Duty Fuel Type Gasoline Diesel All-Electric Vehicle (EV) Gaseous Hydrogen (G.H2) Fuel Cell Vehicle (FCV) Diesel Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Diesel Hydraulic Hybrid (HHV) Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B100) Ethanol (E85) Propane (LPG) Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Light-Duty Fuel Type Gasoline Diesel Gasoline Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Gasoline Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) Gasoline Extended Range Electric Vehicle (EREV) All-Electric Vehicle (EV) Gaseous Hydrogen (G.H2) Fuel Cell Vehicle (FCV) Biodiesel (B20) Biodiesel (B100) Ethanol (E85) Propane (LPG) Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) LNG / Diesel Pilot Ignition 17 Note: Red cells show values changed for demo, cell color doesn t change in AFLEET

18. AFLEET TUTORIAL SIMPLE PAYBACK AND TCO CALCULATORS 2nd step: enter key fuel price inputs on Inputs sheet Choose either public or private station fuel pricing (via drop-down) Results based on state level AFPR data Choose if you want to look at fuel price sensitivity for simple payback (via drop-down) Enter fuel price data (in respective fuel unit) Refueling Information Fueling Type Fuel Price Sensitivity Fuel and DEF Price Yes No Private Station No For infrastructure costs, go to 'Payback' sheet To enter fuel price range, go to 'Payback' sheet Public Station Private Station ($/Fuel Unit) Fuel Unit gasoline gallon diesel gallon kWh hydrogen kg B20 gallon B100 gallon E85 gallon LPG gallon CNG GGE LNG gallon DEF gallon Gasoline Diesel Electricity G.H2 B20 B100 E85 Propane CNG LNG Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) $3.01 $3.04 $0.16 $20.29 $2.92 $3.94 $2.59 $3.01 $2.43 $2.86 $2.80 $2.84 $3.03 $0.16 $6.99 $2.70 $4.41 $2.56 $2.63 $1.96 $2.11 $2.80 18

19. AFLEET TUTORIAL SIMPLE PAYBACK AND TCO CALCULATORS 3rd step: enter TCO inputs on Inputs sheet Total Cost of Ownership Inputs Light-Duty Vehicle Information Years of Planned Ownership Heavy-Duty Vehicle Information Years of Planned Ownership Infrastructure Information Years of Planned Ownership Financial Assumptions 15 years 15 years 15 years Vehicles No 5 3.37% 0.00% Infrastructure No 5 3.37% 0.00% 0.83% Loan Loan Term Interest Rate Percent Down Payment Discount Factor yes/no years % % % 19

20. AFLEET TUTORIAL SIMPLE PAYBACK AND TCO CALCULATORS 4th step: adjust fuel production assumptions on Inputs sheet Biodiesel Feedstock Source 1 1 - Soy 2 - Algae 1 - Corn 2 - Switchgrass 1 - North American NG 2 - Renewable NG - Wastewater Treatment 3 - Landfill Gas 1 - North American NG 2 - Renewable NG - Wastewater Treatment 3 - Landfill Gas Ethanol Feedstock Source 1 CNG Feedstock Source 1 LNG Feedstock Source 1 North American NG Feedstock Source Conventional 66% NG 69% Shale 34% Petroleum 31% LPG Feedstock Source Source of Electricity for PHEVs, EVs, and FCVs (Electrolysis) 11 1 - Average U.S. Mix 2 to 11 - EIA Region Mix (see map) 12 - User Defined (go to 'Background Data' sheet) 1 - Refueling Station SMR (On-site) 2 - Central Plant SMR (Off-site) 3 - Refueling Station Electrolysis (On-site) G.H2 Production Process 1 20

21. AFLEET TUTORIAL SIMPLE PAYBACK AND TCO CALCULATORS 5th step: if examining PHEV or EREV, enter additional data on Payback sheet CD EV mode fuel consumption & range Charges per day & days driven per week Other secondary assumptions are on this sheet as well Gasoline Gasoline PHEV Gasoline EREV Gasoline Diesel HEV EV G.H2 FCV Light-Duty Vehicle Inputs Vehicle Type Number of LDVs Annual Mileage Fuel Economy (MPGGE) CD Electricity Use (kWh/100mi) CD Electricity Use (GGE/100mi) CD Gasoline Use (GGE/100mi) PHEV CD Range (miles) Charges/day Days driven/week Share of CD miles Share of Alternative Fuel Use in Dual-Fuel or PHEV (Energy %) DEF Use (% of fuel consumption) Purchase Price ($/vehicle) Incentive ($/vehicle) Maintenance & Repair ($/mile) Gasoline Passenger Car Diesel Gasoline Gasoline Gasoline Gasoline Gasoline 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 11,000 28.8 11,000 34.6 11,000 40.3 11,000 42.9 23.0 11,000 41.2 31.4 11,000 95.0 34.6 11,000 57.3 0.7 0.7 19.6 1.0 1.0 0.0 34.0 1.0 5 5 46% 17% 0% 81% 62% 0% 0% 2% 0% 0% 0% $20,000 $22,500 $23,000 $32,500 $34,000 $30,000 $58,500 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0.142 $0.192 $0.137 $0.135 $0.135 $0.125 $0.125 21 Note: Several fuels are not shown for clarity in this presentation

22. AFLEET TUTORIAL SIMPLE PAYBACK AND TCO CALCULATORS 6th step: if examining fuel price sensitivity, enter additional data on Payback sheet Enter high and low fuel prices for either public or private station Can either enter values or % relative to default price Do not have to enter multiple times for vehicles using same fuel Gasoline Gasoline PHEV Gasoline EREV Gasoline Diesel HEV EV G.H2 FCV Fuel Price Sensitivity Public Fuel Price Sensitivity Case High Fuel Price (% increase vs default) High Primary Fuel Price ($/GGE) High Secondary Fuel Price ($/GGE) Low Primary Fuel Price (% decrease vs default) Low Primary Fuel Price ($/GGE) Low Secondary Fuel Price ($/GGE) Private Fuel Price Sensitivity Case High Fuel Price (% increase vs default) High Primary Fuel Price ($/GGE) High Secondary Fuel Price ($/GGE) Low Primary Fuel Price (% decrease vs default) Low Primary Fuel Price ($/GGE) Low Secondary Fuel Price ($/GGE) No 17% 19% 17% 17% 17% 0% 0% $3.51 $3.13 $3.51 $3.51 $5.34 17% $2.51 $5.34 $3.51 $5.34 17% $2.51 $5.34 $5.34 $20.29 17% 19% 17% 0% 0% $2.51 $2.13 $2.51 $5.34 $20.29 No 18% 19% 17% 17% 17% 0% 0% $3.34 $3.13 $3.31 $3.31 $5.34 17% $2.37 $5.34 $3.31 $5.34 17% $2.37 $5.34 $5.34 $6.99 18% 19% 17% 0% 0% $2.34 $2.13 $2.37 $5.34 $6.99 22 Note: Several fuels are not shown for clarity in this presentation

23. AFLEET TUTORIAL SIMPLE PAYBACK AND TCO CALCULATORS 7th step: if examining infrastructure costs, enter additional data on Payback sheet Enter station type (via drop down), number of stations, and station & O&M costs Gasoline Gasoline PHEV Gasoline EREV Gasoline Diesel HEV EV Infrastructure Inputs Level 2 - Parking Garage Level 2 - Parking Garage Level 2 - Parking Garage Station/EVSE Type Number of stations/EVSEs Total Refueling Station/EVSE Cost Total Incentive Maintenance Depot Cost Annual Private Station/EVSE Operation & Maintenance (O&M) Costs ($/yr) Default Refueling Station/EVSE Cost Default Annual Private Station/EVSE O&M Costs ($/yr) Annual Private Fueling Labor & Misc. Costs ($/yr) New Private New Private New Private 0 0 0 13 13 13 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $40,556 $40,556 $40,556 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $9,100 $40,556 $9,100 $9,100 $40,556 $9,100 $9,100 $40,556 $9,100 $0 $0 $0 23 Note: Several fuels are not shown for clarity in this presentation

24. AFLEET TUTORIAL SIMPLE PAYBACK AND TCO CALCULATORS View results on Payback Outputs sheet 350 250 $9,000 $8,000 300 200 $7,000 Petroleum Use (barrels) or GHGs (short tons) SImple Payback (years) 250 $6,000 Externality Cost 150 $5,000 200 $4,000 150 100 $3,000 100 $2,000 50 $1,000 50 $0 Gasoline Gasoline Gasoline EREV Gasoline Diesel EV G.H2 FCV B20 B100 E85 LPG CNG 0 0 Gasoline HEV $2,210 Gasoline PHEV $1,413 Gasoline EREV $435 Gasoline HEV 173 $3,535 Gasoline PHEV HEV 142 $2,997 Gasoline EREV PHEV 91 $2,477 Diesel Gasoline $3,094 Diesel $2,680 EV $20 G.H2 FCV $20 B20 $2,168 B100 $118 E85 $679 LPG LPG $1,036 CNG CNG $17 EV G.H2 FCV B20 B100 E85 Petroleum Use Payback Petroleum Use GHG Emissions Air Pollutants GHGs 199 $4,196 28 1 1 140 $3,014 8 44 67 24 1 100 $595 $1,920 $1,849 $2,818 $930 $3,036 $3,691 $3,733 8 122 78 40 112 $662 95 80 66 51 50 75 81 25 81 99 $550 $564 $457 $296 $231 $231 $550 $550 $642 $635 w/ Externalities 7 54 38 22 310 16 24 Note: Several fuels are not shown for clarity in this presentation

25. AFLEET TUTORIAL SIMPLE PAYBACK AND TCO CALCULATORS View results on TCO Outputs sheet $3,500,000 $400,000 $160,000 $3,000,000 $140,000 $200,000 Cumulative Cash Flow $2,500,000 $120,000 $0 Diesel 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Externality Cost $2,000,000 $100,000 Total Cost of Ownership Gasoline HEV -$200,000 Gasoline PHEV $1,500,000 $80,000 Gasoline EREV EV $1,000,000 -$400,000 $60,000 G.H2 FCV B20 $500,000 B100 -$600,000 $40,000 E85 $0 LPG Gasoline HEV Gasoline PHEV Gasoline EREV Gasoline Diesel EV G.H2 FCV B20 B100 E85 LPG CNG -$800,000 $20,000 CNG License and Registration $45,017 $45,017 $45,017 $45,017 $45,017 $45,017 $45,017 $45,017 $45,017 $45,017 $45,017 $45,017 Insurance $415,833 $415,833 $415,833 $415,833 $415,833 $415,833 $415,833 $415,833 $415,833 $415,833 $415,833 $415,833 $0 -$1,000,000 Maintenance and Repair $654,555 Diesel Exhaust Fluid Petroleum Use Gasoline HEV Gasoline Gasoline $882,420 $535,523 $773,808 PHEV $773,808 EREV $729,185 EV $576,755 $882,420 B20 $882,420 B100 $654,555 E85 $654,555 LPG $654,555 CNG Gasoline Diesel G.H2 FCV $0 $7,364 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $7,364 $7,364 $0 $0 $0 $55,080 $47,718 $39,343 $25,148 $7,742 $264,249 $358 $32,910 $554,273 $356 $50,168 $320,852 $38,592 $53,649 $558,909 $2,092 $16,560 $544,970 $12,083 $54,049 $549,650 $18,449 $65,714 $325,561 $295 $66,464 Fuel $447,267 $354,540 $319,477 $284,818 $253,784 -$1,200,000 Depreciation GHGs Air Pollutants $74,693 $62,921 $53,352 $44,104 $34,186 $464,757 $522,852 $534,471 $788,349 $823,206 $730,254 $1,359,415 $522,852 $4,378 $522,852 $13,038 $464,757 $15,234 $604,185 $15,115 $627,422 $14,404 Project Year $0 $4,378 $15,589 $13,038 $12,695 $10,011 $5,993 $13,038 Financing $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 25 Note: Several fuels are not shown for clarity in this presentation