Rise and Fall of the Pandya Kingdom in South India
The Pandya Kingdom, along with the Chera and Chola kingdoms, collectively known as the Muvender, ruled different regions in South India. The Pandya Kingdom was located at the southern tip of the Indian peninsula with Madurai as its capital. It prospered through trade with the Roman Empire and left behind a rich cultural legacy of temples and literature. The Sangam literature provides insights into the political and socio-cultural aspects of the Pandya reign, which eventually came to an end in the 14th century.
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B. Chennaiah Lecturer Department of History Hindu College, Guntur.
INTRODUTION SOUTHINDIA- PANDYA,CHERA,CHOLA IN DEEP SOUTH INDIA ,THERE WERE THREE IMPORTANT CHEFIS RULLING IN DIFFERENT REGIONS . THESE CHEIFS WERE FROM CHERA,CHOLA AND PANDAYA DYNASTY. ALL THESE THREE COLLECTIVELY CALLED AS MUVENDER. MUVENDER IS A TAMIL WORD MEANING THREE CHEIFS .
Image of Kingdom Empire of PANDYA,CHERA,CHOLA .
ANCIENT EVIDENCES THE ASHOKAN MAJOR ROCK EDICT 2AND 8 MENTIONS ABOUT THE CHERAS, CHOLAS AND PANDAYA KINGDOM. OTHER THAN THE ASHOKAN INSCRIPTION, THE SANGAM LITERATURE ALSO MENTIONS ABOUT THESE KINGDOMS THE SOUTHERN HALF OF THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT MARKED BY THE LONG COASTLINE,MOUNTAINS, PLATEAU AND RIVER VALLEYS.
PANDYA KINGDOM THE PANDYA KINGDOM SITUATED AT THESOUTHERN TIP OF THE INDIAN PENINSULA IT WAS THE KINGDOM OF PERALS. THE CAPITAL OF PANDYA KINGDOM WAS MADURAI IT OCCUPIED THE REGION OF MODERN DISTRICTS OF TIRUNELEVLI,RAMNAD AND MADURAI IN TAMILNADU NEDUNJELIYAN WAS A GREAT KING PANDYAS TRADE WITH ROMAN EMPIRE
PANDYA KINGDOM THE SANGAM LITERATURE GIVES THE INFORMATION AND NAMES OF NEW KINGS THE PORT CITY KORKAI WERE THE TRADE AND COMMERCE MARCOPOLO,WASSAFF AND IBN-BATTUTA ARE THE TRAVELLERS USEFUL FOR LEARNING ABOUT POLITICAL AND SOCIO CULTURE MANY TEMPLES WERE BUILT BY THE EARLY PANDYAS MEENAKSHI TEMPLE ,NELLAIAPPAR TEMPLES
PANDYAN ENDED IN 14 th CENTURIES
CONCLUSION OF PANDYAS THE END OF THE PANDYAS IS FIFTEENTH CENTURY JATAVARMAN SUNDARA PANDYAN THE PANDYAS ENTER THE GOLDEN AGE KALIYUGARAMAN COINS MEENAKSHI ,NELLAIAPPAR TEMPLES
CHERA KINGDOM THE CHERA WERE ALSO KNOWN AS KERALAPUTRAS THE CHERAPAND KINGDOM OCCUPIED THE REGION OF A NARROW STRIP BETWEEN THE SEA AND THE MOUNTAINS OF KONKAN RANGE NEDUNJERAL ADAN WAS A FAMOUS CHERA KI WAS THE GREATEST KING OF THE CHERA DYNASTY THE CHERAS CONSTANTLY WARRED WITH THE PANDYAS
CHERA KINGDOM Vanji was the capital of chera. Copper and lead coins were introduced by the cheras . The most common sources include the pathitrupattu,the aknananuru and the purananuru. Dravidian religious were practised during chera period. They also fought regularly with srilanka and ruled there at some point of time .
CHERA ENDED 3RD -5 TH CENTURY
CONCLUSION OF CHERAS AGRICULTURE WAS THE MAIN OCCUPATION IN CHERA PERIOD ALL THE CHERAS KINGS STEMMED FROM ONE OF TWO CLANS THE VANAVARAMAN AND THE IRUMPORAI JAINISM AND BUDDHISM WAS THERE IN CHERA PERIOD TAMIL LITERATURE LIKE KALITHOGAI,PATHITRUPATHU,ETTUTHOGAI CHERA TRADING WITH ROMAN,GREECE
CHOLAS DYNASTY THE CHOLA BEGANS WITH VIJAYALAYAS THE CHOLA DYNASTY WAS THE GREATEST RULING DYNASTY THE REGIN OF THE ASHOKA MOURYA EMPIRE THE CHOLA SUCCEDED IN BUILDING THALASSORATIC EMPIRE THEY RULED BEYOND THE SEA LIKE MALDIVES ISLANDS AND SRILANKA WHICH SHOWS HUGE NAVEL POWER MORE THAN 10,000 INSCRIPTIONS
CHOLAS DYNASTY UTTARAMERURU INSCRIPTION ISSUED BY PRANTHAKA CHOLA COPPER AND PLATES ARE THERE IN CHOLA PERIOD MUVARULA AND KUMBA,RAMAYANAM THE GREAT EPIC BELONG TO CHOLA PERIOD PARANTAK CHOLA SUFFERED A DEFEAT THE HANDS OF RASHTRAKUTAS IN FAMOUS BATTLE TAKKOLAM DEPARTMENT OF LANDREVENUE AS PURAVUARITINAIKKALAM
CONCLUSION OF CHOLA CHOLA RULERS APPOINTED BRAHMINES AS RAJAGURUS AND SARVASIVAS THE CHOLA EMPIRE WAS DIVIDED INTO MANDALAMS AND EACH MADALAM INTO VALANADUS AND NADU THE WELL KNOWN DANCING FIGURE SHIVA AS NATARAJA WAS EVOLVED IN CHOLA PERIOD BRIHANDISHWARA TEMPLE BUILT BY RAJA RAJA CHOLA,GANGAI KONDA CHOLAPURAM BY RAJENDRA 1
