Sustainable WASH Services Technology Introduction & Assessment
The Technology Applicability Framework (TAF) is a decision support tool for evaluating and monitoring the suitability and scalability of WASH technologies to provide sustainable services. It involves various stakeholders and focuses on context factors, demand-side dynamics, supply-side considerations, and the introduction process. The TAF aims to support inclusive, accountable, and action-oriented processes in the governance and innovation of WASH services. Additionally, the TAF incorporates a cost model assessment based on 18 indicators to determine technology applicability across social, economic, environmental, institutional, and technological dimensions.
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Benedict Tuffuor TREND Regional LA, Ho 24thJuly, 2013
What is the TAF Rationale for the TAF Concept of the TAF Methodology to apply the TAF Rationale for the GTIP Concept of the GTIP Outlook July 2013
The TAF is a decision support tool for assessing and monitoring applicability and scalability of a specific WASH technology for provision of sustainable services in a specific context Target users of the TAF include government (national, local), private sector, NGO, academia, development partners The TAF is based on a stepwise and transparent process thatprovides concrete information to design mitigation measures for improving performance of the technology used and of the introduction process It is an participatory, facilitating and easy to use tool that triggers sharing of lessons learned between all actors including local and national level July 2013
Sustainable WASH Services Introduction process - Implementation - Supply Chain - Operation & Maintenance - Life Cycle Costs - Capacities - Follow up Monitoring Context factors on Demand side Context factors on Supply side Usage Context - Need - Market - Policies - Capacities - Economy Physical Context - Conditions - Applicability WASH Technology - Functions - Features - Requirements July 2013
Requirements for the tool TAF : Easy to use for all target users of TAF, applicable in different contexts, supporting inclusiveness, fostering accountability by involving all relevant actors during interpretation of results, linking to concrete actions Sustainable WASH Services Technology Introduction Process Governance and accountability Innovation in WASH Sector User needs, efficiency and user friendliness July 2013
Context Cost model ASSESSMENT of technology applicability using 18 indicators Soc Econ Env Inst Know Tech TAF Technology Applicability Framework SCREENING Dimensions Need and Dimensions: Soc Econ = Economical and Financial Env = Environmental Inst = Institutional, legal, organisational Know = Knowhow and skills Tech = Technological = Social Applicability Producer-Provider Other Institutions User-Buyer Technical Function Characteristics Performance Perspective of key actors Technology July 2013
Technology Introduction Process (TIP): the concept TIP Technology Introduction Process defines tasks for actors involved in each phase of introduction process Uptake [number of units installed providing services] Technology Introduction Process UPTAKE & USE Uptake + O&M INVENTION TIPPING POINT Tipping Point Uptake + Use High Invention Successful Technology Introduction Specific tasks per actor and phase Technology Low Actors Actors Actors Time - Generic concept - For water, sanitation and hygiene technologies - Applicable for different cost models, e.g. market-based approach July 2013
Economic Social Technological Skills and Knowhow Environmental Organisational Institutional Legal July 2013
Perspectives of Key Actors in Introduction Process TAF uses multiple entry points to address critical factors concerning applicability and scalability of the technology and of sustainability of services provided by a specific WASH technology Regulator, Producer, Facilitator Investor, Provider User, Buyer 1 2 3 Sustainability Dimensions - Social - Economic - Environmental - Organisational, legal, institutional - Skills and Knowhow - Technological 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 = 18 TAF Indicators July 2013
TAF follows stepwise procedure in 4 steps TAF process is based on desk work, field visits & workshops All actors are involved in field visits, workshops and interpretation! TAF process supports sharing of experiences, accountability and governance. Structured TAF process is easy to use, involvement of all actors fosters transparency and inclusiveness. July 2013
per particular perspective Key perspectives User/ Buyer Producers/ Providers Regulators/ Investors/ Facilitators Interpretation per dimension (1) (2) (3) + + - Social + + High value, neutral or positive, supportive characteristics (4) (5) (6) Sustainability Dimensions 0 0 Potential impact, could become critical, needs follow up + ? 0 Economic - - Low value, negative, critical, hindering characteristics (7) (8) (9) + 0 Environ- mental - ? ? Unclear information, should be clarified (10) (11) (12) ? + Institutional & Legal ? As entire profile (13) (14) (15) 0 - Skills & Know-how 0 or for specific topics such as O&M (16) (17) (18) + - ? Technology July 2013
-Assessing applicability and scalability of a specific WASH technology in a specific context -monitoring and evaluate of the performance of an existing WASH technology and of the introduction process -to define concrete mitigation measures to increase technology performance but also of the introduction process -Building up basis for comparison of different WASH technologies for a specific need and region July 2013
Technology introduction processes are very complex in terms of roles of actors, timing of activities, mobilisation of funding. In many countries there are procedures, but mostly are informal and often not well documented. Understanding on process and on requirements concerning successful technology introduction in the sector needs to be strengthened. There is clear need for a guidance on technology introduction to support actors in WASH sector.
Guidance for Technology Introduction Process: GTIP should be a guidance document, providing generic information that can be adapted by countries according to their needs, however it is is not like a rule to be strictly followed. The GTIP should improve understanding of complex interactions between actors in various phases of technology introduction. GTIP provides a systematic description of key elements, tasks, interlinkages between actors and steps for technology introduction. The GTIP can be used as a tool to adapt or further develop country specific guideline for technology introduction or for analysis and planning of a specific Technology Introduction Process for a specific technology. GTIP is based on good practice, however there is no silver bullet solution for technology introduction!
Improved understanding in sector on technology introduction In case here are already some procedures in place: Improved general procedures Support in an introduction process for a specific technology In case there are no procedures in place: 1st draft procedures for technology introduction Defined roles and requirements and procedures as basis for sector including private sector to engage more in WASH technology introduction
Uptake [number of units installed providing services] TIP process is described in 3 key phases: Invention (as there is something new in the context) Tipping Point (in terms of scaling up much is on steep uptake) Uptake and Use (here focus is more on experiences on O&M) UPTAKE & USE Uptake + O&M INVENTION TIPPING POINT Successful Technology Introduction Technology Time The invention is crucial for the uptake process. To capture important aspects such as feasibility, the invention phase is subdivided into two sup-stages: Testing (of a totally new technology, or rather adaptation of a known technology to the context; here it is about piloting, feasibility assessment) Launch (preparation of the launch, including production, supply chain, promotion, quality control, after sales services)
Key phases of technology introduction Impact on market and services -sales -profits -supply chain -sustainable services -poverty alleviation Impact on poverty alleviation + Sales curve Supply chain Profits and losses Investments Time, progress of process Valley of death due to gap between expenditure for introduction and lack of Valley of death Uptake & Use revenues Invention Tipping Point Different time span for 3 phases Testing Launch - Weeks to months Months to years Several years
Uptake [number of units installed providing services] Technology Introduction Process Tipping Point Uptake + Use UPTAKE & USE Uptake + O&M INVENTION TIPPING POINT Invention High Successful Technology Introduction Specific tasks per actor and phase Technology Actors Actors Actors Time The GTIP provides a break down of tasks per phase and actors in a generic way to answer the core question: Who does what in each phase to support successful technology introduction?
An Example: What kind of tasks are needed e.g in the phase 2 on e.g. the strategic level? Selected Phase Phase 1A: Initial Steps and Testing Tasks.. Phase 1B: Preparing Launch Tasks.. Phase 2: Tipping Point Tasks -xyz . Tasks.. Phase 3: Uptake & Use Tasks.. Level Phase Selected level Level A: Strategic Focus Why this technology? , What is the need? , Which is the market? Tasks.. Tasks.. Tasks.. Level B: Supply Chain How and where will this technology be delivered to the clients? Level C: Technology Development How does the technology look like exactly? , What are the product and services to be provided? Level D: Innovation in the sector How will the sector support uptake of this technology? Level E: Introduction Process Who takes the lead in this introduction process? In this field the tasks are Tasks.. Tasks.. listed for phase 2 and for that level Tasks.. Tasks.. Tasks.. Tasks.. Tasks.. Tasks.. Tasks.. Tasks.. Tasks.. Tasks..
As for the TAF, also the GTIP needs a host that leads and follows up the application of the GTIP. For the development of procedures or technology specific applications of the procedures a team (core group) should be established; Depending on type of technology the composition of the core team to follow up introduction might change (e.g. water supply, sanitation, health, agriculture); membership should including representatives from national Bureau of Standards Application of GTIP should follow a stepwise approach using workshops GTIP should be embedded in existing institutional and organisational structures
The TAF should be applied as an initial step of the TIP if there are no information on applicability of the technology in a context or later for monitoring purposes. In the Generic TIP Matrix there are clear links on how to included the results of the TAF in the design and follow up of the introduction process (bold figures in generic matrix in Annex 2 of Manual).
TAF was tested in Burkina Faso, Ghana and Uganda on 13 different WASH technologies In all three countries government institutions were appointed as hosts for the TAF TAF is now used to monitor emerging technologies TAF and TIP will be used to develop/adapt guidelines for validation and introduction in all three countries TAF and TIP: available as open source by end 2013 End of 2013: web-based Resource Base available, that allows accessing all relevant documents on TAF&TIP, exchanging and some Q/A for free! July 2013
Do you really appreciate the relevance of the TAF and GTIP in the Ghanaian WASH sector? How do the TAF and the GTIP fit your context. Will they in any way help improve WASH delivery in the region? What role do you see yourself playing in the application of the TAF and GTIP? How do you propose we fund the application of the GTIP.
For Information on WASHTech, washtechafrica.wordpress.com or email to: WASHTech@irc.nl www.washghana.net For details on TAF&TIP in Ghana: btuffuor@gmail.com c/o TREND July 2013
Thank you! July 2013
