E80 Rocket Engineering Project Overview

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Three Words You Should Know!
MAKE IT HAPPEN
ENGINEERING 80
2
Flight Hardware
MAKING IT HAPPEN
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
3
Three Words You Should Know!
“MAKE IT HAPPEN”?
ENGINEERING 80
4
How does one
Flight Hardware
What’s Your Problem Statement?
ENGINEERING 80
5
SOURCE: http://www.clker.com/cliparts/6/5/b/f/11949864691020941855smiley114.svg.med.png
Flight Hardware
A “ONE-PAGER”…
Problem Statement (or Purpose, or Goal)
The final E80 project needs to be completed to pass the course
Success Criteria (envision successfully crossing the finish line)
Design, build, and test a rocket that meets E80 requirements, and
submit a final report and give a final presentation
Strategies (how are you going to get to that finish line?)
Work as a team to meet all weekly project deliverables
Timeline (detailed plan for implementing the strategies)
ENGR 106 Lecture 3
6
Flight Hardware
Sample
Timeline for
Section 2
Today We Will Discuss…
E80 Rocket Requirements
Surviving Launch and Recovery
Rocket Construction
Deliverables
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
7
E80 Engineering Rocket Requirements
Payload Dimensions
Sensor Requirements
Speed of Response
Power Requirements
Acceleration, Shock, and Vibration
Temperature Profile
Construction Standards
ENGINEERING 80
8
Flight Hardware
Payload Dimensions
You will be assigned either an…
Aerotech Arreaux <
.rkt
> <
.ork
> <
.zip
>
Payload Section ID: 1.80 inches
Payload Section Length: 
12.00 inches
Aerotech Barracuda <
.rkt
> <
.ork
> <
.zip
>
Payload Section ID: 1.80 inches
Payload Section Length: 
22.75 inches
ENGINEERING 80
9
ID = 1.80”
Length = 12” -or- 22.75”
If you feel you need
a rocket different
from the assigned,
write a proposal
explaining the
technical reasons
and give it to your
section Prof.
Flight Hardware
Teams
1, 3, & 5
Teams
2 & 4
Your Precious Payload – The PC Board
Top laid out like your protoboard
4 exterior buses slightly closer
1 extra power bus
Bottom has connectors for a data logger
4 Holes for mounting
2 holes for mounting battery holder
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
10
If it works on your
protoboard, then it will
work on the PC Board
Chip for Chip
Wire for Wire
Payload Sections
PC board matches Aerotech body tubing diameter
Arreaux payload section too short
Barracuda payload section too long
An Aerotech body tube that fits the PC board will be provided
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
11
ID = 1.80”
Length = 10.10”
Data Logging
How do you acquire and log data in the rocket?
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
12
ID = 1.80”
Length = 10.10”
Your Precious Payload – The PC Board
Center has place for 5 V regulator + three more
Regulators can tie common to ground or not
Bottom has connectors for data logger
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
13
Your Precious Payload – The Data Logger
Created and programmed by Tyler Smelt
16 channels (Can measure up to 16 sensors)
16-bit resolution
Max 400 kSPS composite rate (25 kSPS/chan)
Max 200 kSPS on single channel (read in pairs)
Power with 6 V to 20 V (9 V recommended)
Uses microSD for storage (have 16 GB cards)
Need to tape/secure the SD card in the reader!
Input range 0 to 3.3 V
Input Impedance ≈2.2kΩ  (MyDAQ is 10 GΩ)
Low impedance, may need to buffer your input signals
Set parameters with Config File (Initialize on PC)
Have VI and .m file to read binary data files
PIC-32 microcontroller; Two AD7689 A/D Chips
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
14
MORE INFO ON THE
E80 WEBSITE!
Single–Sided Circuits
Data logger expects 0 V to 3.3 V signals
Classical op-amp circuit power ±15 V
Low-voltage op-amp circuit power
±1.4 V to ±3 V
0-to-2.8 V to 0-to-6 V
Signal offset
Normal signal that goes above and below
zero will need DC offset
Reference offset
Virtual ground
This is where we want all signals referenced
WHAT IS A VIRTUAL GROUND?
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
15
Inverting Amps
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
16
LOW POWER OP-AMP
Inverting Amps
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
17
What are these for?
LOW POWER OP-AMP
Inverting Amps
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
18
These filter out noise in the
power lines; Use them!
LOW POWER OP-AMP
Inverting Amps
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
19
LOW POWER OP-AMP
Inverting Amps
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
20
Virtual Ground
This offsets the op-amp so
that the signal is centered
between 0 and 5 V
Low side of battery
High side of battery
LOW POWER OP-AMP
Inverting Amps
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
21
Virtual Ground
This offsets the op-amp so
that the signal is centered
between 0 and 5 V
Low side of battery
High side of battery
If you are powering your circuit by battery and you have a single
sided supply, you need to think of creating a virtual ground halfway
between your low and high on your op amp; then offset your signal
so that you have your average value in the middle instead of zero
Data logger needs 0 to 3.3 V;
You could go from 0 to 3.3 V with 1.8 V as center
LOW POWER OP-AMP
Non-Inverting Amps
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
22
Scientific vs. Engineering Measurements
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
23
WHAT’S THE
DIFFERENCE?
Scientific vs. Engineering Measurements
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
24
Engineering
Measurements
“What you
measure about
a rocket.”
Scientific
Measurements
“What you
measure with a
rocket.”
Sensor Requirement
You are required to have a 
MINIMUM of 2
 types of sensors
One thermocouple and one thermistor would count
Two thermocouples would 
NOT
 count
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
25
What Does a PC Board with Sensors Look Like?
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
26
WHERE WOULD I
FIND THIS?
What Does a PC Board with Sensors Look Like?
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
27
SOURCE: http://www.eng.hmc.edu/NewE80/LargePhotos/KC20120421_IMG_1658.jpg
Sensor Requirement
You are required to have a 
MINIMUM of 2
 types of sensors
One thermocouple and one thermistor would count
Two thermocouples would 
NOT
 count
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
28
SOURCE: http://www.eng.hmc.edu/NewE80/LargePhotos/KC20120421_IMG_1658.jpg
Speed of Sensor Response
We recommend using…
At least one sensor with a time constant faster than 1 ms
Bandwidth ≥ 1 kHz
Sensor adequate:
The bandwidth of the sensor is 10 times higher than the
phenomenon that you want to measure
Sensor Needs deconvolution:
Sensor is “Hopeless”:
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
29
Effect of Temperature Sensor Time Constant
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
30
Temperature Measurement Devices in Lab
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
31
>
Effect of Temperature Sensor Time Constant
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
32
PML Phobos on H123W-M
Effect of Temp. Sensor Time Constant
At standard lapse rate
∆T = –7.8°C @ 1200 m AGL
Temperature drops by 0.0065
o
C
for every meter going up
Effect of Temperature Sensor Time Constant
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
33
PML Phobos on H123W-M
Effect of Temp. Sensor Time Constant
PML Phobos on H123W-M
Hysteresis of Temp. sensor
Actual Data from Sensors
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
34
Actual Data from Sensors
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
35
Speed of Sound = 343 m/s
Actual Data from Sensors
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
36
Actual Data from Sensors
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
37
WHY THE DISCREPANCY?
Actual Data from Sensors
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
38
Pnut assumes Standard Atmospheric Model
Dry Air
Temperature Varies Linearly
Sensor Requirement
You are required to have a 
MINIMUM
 of 2 types of sensors
One thermocouple and one thermistor would count
Two thermocouples would 
NOT
 count
WHAT OTHER TYPES OF SENSORS COULD WE USE?
Pressure Altimeter
Pitot-Static Tube
Gas/Humidity Sensor
Vibration Sensor; Light Sensor
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
39
Sensor Requirement
You are required to have a 
MINIMUM
 of 2 types of sensors
One thermocouple and one thermistor would count
Two thermocouples would 
NOT
 count
WHAT OTHER TYPES OF SENSORS COULD WE USE?
Pressure Altimeter
Pitot-Static Tube
Accelerometer/Rate Gyroscope
Gas/Humidity Sensor; Vibration Sensor; Light Sensor
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
40
Sensor Requirements
Air Temperature Sensor
Sensor in the free stream
Pressure Altimeter
No flow; 3 or 4 symmetric pressure taps
Accelerometer/Rate Gyroscope
Known fixed orientation
Means to deal with baseline and drift
Pitot-Static Tube
Pitot tube in free stream and direction of motion
Static Tap should be normal to the flow
Preferable 4+ “calibers” (rocket  tube diameters) from
the nose cone
Multiple in symmetric pattern is best
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
41
 
SOURCE: http://www.ipscustom.com/ProdImages/Wire_E_tt_pp_m.gif
SOURCE: http://web.stanford.edu/class/me220/data/lectures/lect05/static_probe.gif
SOURCE: http://cdn2.bigcommerce.com/server2900/730e2/products/56/images/248/PnutTop__64333.1405342120.1280.640.png?c=2
Your Team has a Budget
of $50
Sensor Requirements
Light Sensor
Proper orientation and view field
Vibration Sensor
Best on anti-node; avoid node
Nor for DC strain
Gas Humidity Sensor
Gas flow to sensor is desired
Particle/Dust Sensor
Gas flow through sensor
If optical, reduce or eliminate background light
Often needs pulse train
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
42
SOURCE: http://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/HIH-5030-
001/480-3294-1-ND/2061078
SOURCE: http://www.digikey.com/product-search/en?vendor=0&keywords=605-00004-ND
SOURCE: http://www.digikey.com/product-
detail/en/GP2Y1010AU0F/425-2068-ND/720164
Sensor Placement
Sensors need to be placed in locations where a measurement is desired
Easiest in Payload Section
Next easiest in Nosecone
Ports/Channels to rout to exterior
Don’t forget separation for recovery
Can run (very long) wires through shock cord
Can make connector that separates at recovery
Can have separate sections
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
43
What Does a Rocket with Sensors Look Like?
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
44
WHERE WOULD I
FIND THIS?
What Does a Rocket with Sensors Look Like?
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
45
SOURCE: http://www.eng.hmc.edu/NewE80/LargePhotos/20140419_E80-FirstLaunch_SMM_341.jpg
Video Camera
Battery charged by USB
40 minute battery time on full
charge
Creates 720P .mov file on microSD
10 minutes per 1 GB
On 16 GB card will run out of battery
before storage
Physical Mounting
Method
Duct tape?  Electrical tape?
Location
Center of pressure?
Field of View
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
46
Power Requirements
Power Inputs
Data Logger: 6 V to 20 V
IMU: 5 V (regulated) & 3 V to 3.3 V (regulated)
AD623AN: 3 V to 12 V or ±1.5 V to ±6 V
MPC 60XX: 2.7 V to 6 V
Other sensors – TBD
Must measure current draw of final circuit
Batteries must power for 1 hour minimum
Battery capacity (in mAh) / Average current consumption (in mA) = Hours of expected runtime
Turn on before launch, stay on during flight, turn off after recovery.
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
47
Power Sources
Power sources
9 V lithium, 750 mAh
1.5 V
AAA Alkaline, 1000 mAh; Lithium, 1200 mAh
AA Alkaline, 2700 mAh; Lithium, 3000 mAh
12 V (NEDEA- 1811A), 55 mAh
LiPo (Rechargable, High Power Density, Special Charger, HazMat)
3.7 V, up to 5000 mAh
7.4 V, up to 5000 mAh
11.1 V, up to 5000 mAh
NiMH (Rechargable)
NiCd (Rechargable)
Your team will decide on which power source to use
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
48
Your Team has a Budget of
$50
Surviving
What does your rocket have to
survive during launch?
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
49
BE THE ROCKET
Temperature
1) Temperature at Launch
Often –2°C at 6 AM
Solar heating of payload section to 50°C+
At standard lapse rate ∆T = –7.8°C @ 1200 m AGL
Temperature drops by 0.0065
o
C for every meter going up
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
50
Standards for Parts
Commercial Grade: 0°C to 70°C
Industrial Grade: –40°C to 85°C
Military Grade: –55°C to 125°C
Acceleration
2) Acceleration
From motor, 6g to (50+)g
Use RockSim or OpenRocket to estimate
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
51
 
Vibration
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
52
3) Vibration (
What causes vibration?
)
BE THE ROCKET
Vibration
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
53
3) Vibration (
What causes vibration?
)
From motor
From aerodynamics
From shock impulse
Amplified at resonant frequencies
Use viscoelastic damping materials
SOURCE: http://www.sorbothane.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/engine-vibrations.jpg
Shock
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
54
4) Shock (
What causes shock?
)
BE THE ROCKET
Shock
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
55
4) Shock (
What causes shock?
)
Deployment charge, 2 g to 20+ g
From parachute, 1 g to 50+ g
From ballistic landing, 200+ g
Surviving
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
56
What does your rocket have to
survive during launch?
1.
Temperature
2.
Acceleration
3.
Vibration
4.
Shock
Constructing Your Rocket
NAR or TRA safety Code is mandatory.
Materials:
 I will use only lightweight materials such as paper, wood,
rubber, plastic, fiberglass, or when necessary ductile metal, for the
construction of my rocket.
Motors:
 I will use only certified, commercially made rocket motors,
and will not tamper with these motors or use them for any purposes
except those recommended by the manufacturer. I will not allow
smoking, open flames, nor heat sources within 25 feet of these
motors.
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
57
Constructing Your Rocket
Adhesives must be used under fume hood, in spray-paint booth, or
outdoors.
Neoprene gloves required. Eye protection required
G10 Fiberglass (PML fins) must be wet sanded or with full respiratory
protection. Neoprene gloves strongly recommended.
No sharp implements permitted when removing plastic rivets.
Spray painting only permitted in paint booth or outdoors (not by Libra
Complex). Skin & eye protection required.
If you follow the 
unmodified
 instructions for the rockets, you will 
NOT
be able to fly them.
Aerotech requires motor retainer, longer motor mount, modified placement,
and removal of motor hook, thrust ring, and thrust ring flange
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
58
Rocket Construction
Motor retainers attached with JB Weld ONLY!
Cyanoacrylic/Super-Glue (Aerotech)
Make SURE you have adequate ventilation
ALWAYS use skin protection (neoprene gloves)
Usually sets in 30 s to 20 min
Can use accelerator (we have limited supplies)
Accelerator on one surface + Super-Glue on other surface = instant bond
when joined.
Will have to dribble on some internal joints
Epoxy clay
Not quite as strong as epoxy
Very useful for fillets and custom mounts
You always need less than you think
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
59
Rocket Hints
For Aerotech kits…
There is no need for the 24 mm motor adaptor.
Make sure the fins snap easily into the Fink Locks BEFORE putting the Motor
Tube Assembly into the Body Tube.
It’s very difficult to reconnect the shock cord to the nose cone. An extension
from the screw eye to the end of the coupler makes the process much easier.
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
60
Deliverables
Week 1
Scientific and/or Engineering objectives
Select sensors (min: 2, MAX: 16)
Parts list (especially to order)
Complete schematic
Show all calculations; bypass capacitors; power
Check off by Section Prof & Prof Spjut
Week 2
Complete protoboard
Measured current draw
Demonstrate functionality
Check off by Section Prof & Prof Spjut
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
61
NO RESTRICTIONS ON
WHEN YOU DO YOUR
WORK.
However, priority for
resources goes to groups
that were assigned to
that lab section.
Need to show up to your
lab section for the
check-off.
Deliverables
Week 3
Fully populated PC board
Demonstrate functionality
Data acquisition works and is demonstrated
Check off by Section Prof & Prof Spjut
Week 4
Completed Rocket
Complete ground and analysis procedures
Completed launch checklist (you have to
DO steps)
Loaded launch motors
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
62
NO RESTRICTIONS ON
WHEN YOU DO YOUR
WORK.
However, priority for
resources goes to groups
that were assigned to
that lab section.
Need to show up to your
lab section for the
check-off.
Deliverables
Week 5
List lessons learned
Fix & correct things
Load launch motors
Week 6
Analyze data
Write Final Report
Prepare Final Presentation
ENGINEERING 80
Flight Hardware
63
NO RESTRICTIONS ON
WHEN YOU DO YOUR
WORK.
However, priority for
resources goes to groups
that were assigned to
that lab section.
Need to show up to your
lab section for the
check-off.
A “ONE-PAGER”…
Problem Statement (or Purpose, or Goal)
The final E80 project needs to be completed to pass the course
Success Criteria (envision successfully crossing the finish line)
Design, build, and test a rocket that meets E80 requirements, and
submit a final report and give a final presentation
Strategies (how are you going to get to that finish line?)
Work as a team to meet all weekly project deliverables
Timeline (detailed plan for implementing the strategies)
ENGR 106 Lecture 3
64
Flight Hardware
Sample
Timeline for
Section 2
Good Luck Over the Next 7 Weeks!
MAKE IT HAPPEN!
ENGINEERING 80
65
Flight Hardware
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Dive into the details of the E80 rocket engineering project for the Spring 2015 semester. Explore the key components such as flight hardware, problem statements, project timeline, and rocket requirements. Get insights into the strategies, success criteria, and deliverables associated with this challenging course. Stay tuned to learn about surviving launch and recovery, rocket construction, and more exciting aspects of the project.


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  1. Engineering 80 Spring 2015 Flight Hardware Flight Hardware 1

  2. Three Words You Should Know! MAKE IT HAPPEN ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 2

  3. MAKING IT HAPPEN ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 3

  4. Three Words You Should Know! How does one MAKE IT HAPPEN ? ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 4

  5. Whats Your Problem Statement? SOURCE: http://www.clker.com/cliparts/6/5/b/f/11949864691020941855smiley114.svg.med.png ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 5

  6. A ONE-PAGER Problem Statement (or Purpose, or Goal) The final E80 project needs to be completed to pass the course Success Criteria (envision successfully crossing the finish line) Design, build, and test a rocket that meets E80 requirements, and submit a final report and give a final presentation Strategies (how are you going to get to that finish line?) Work as a team to meet all weekly project deliverables Timeline (detailed plan for implementing the strategies) TASK Meet Week 1 Deliverables Meet Week 2 Deliverables Meet Week 3 Deliverables Meet Week 4 Deliverables Meet Week 5 Deliverables Meet Week 6 Deliverables Give Final Presentation Start End Status In Progress Not Started Not Started Not Started Not Started Not Started Not Started 3/12/2015 3/25/2015 4/1/2015 4/8/2015 4/15/2015 4/22/2015 5/4/2015 3/25/2015 4/1/2015 4/8/2015 4/15/2015 4/22/2015 5/4/2015 5/4/2015 Sample Timeline for Section 2 ENGR 106 Lecture 3 Flight Hardware 6

  7. Today We Will Discuss E80 Rocket Requirements Surviving Launch and Recovery Rocket Construction Deliverables ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 7

  8. E80 Engineering Rocket Requirements Payload Dimensions Sensor Requirements Speed of Response Power Requirements Acceleration, Shock, and Vibration Temperature Profile Construction Standards ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 8

  9. Payload Dimensions Length = 12 -or- 22.75 ID = 1.80 You will be assigned either an Aerotech Arreaux <.rkt> <.ork> <.zip> Payload Section ID: 1.80 inches Payload Section Length: 12.00 inches Aerotech Barracuda <.rkt> <.ork> <.zip> Payload Section ID: 1.80 inches Payload Section Length: 22.75 inches If you feel you need a rocket different from the assigned, write a proposal explaining the technical reasons and give it to your section Prof. Teams 1, 3, & 5 Teams 2 & 4 ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 9

  10. Your Precious Payload The PC Board Top laid out like your protoboard 4 exterior buses slightly closer 1 extra power bus Bottom has connectors for a data logger 4 Holes for mounting 2 holes for mounting battery holder If it works on your protoboard, then it will work on the PC Board Chip for Chip Wire for Wire ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 10

  11. Payload Sections PC board matches Aerotech body tubing diameter Arreaux payload section too short Barracuda payload section too long An Aerotech body tube that fits the PC board will be provided Length = 10.10 ID = 1.80 ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 11

  12. Data Logging How do you acquire and log data in the rocket? Length = 10.10 ID = 1.80 ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 12

  13. Your Precious Payload The PC Board Center has place for 5 V regulator + three more Regulators can tie common to ground or not Bottom has connectors for data logger ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 13

  14. Your Precious Payload The Data Logger Created and programmed by Tyler Smelt 16 channels (Can measure up to 16 sensors) 16-bit resolution Max 400 kSPS composite rate (25 kSPS/chan) Max 200 kSPS on single channel (read in pairs) Power with 6 V to 20 V (9 V recommended) Uses microSD for storage (have 16 GB cards) Need to tape/secure the SD card in the reader! Input range 0 to 3.3 V Input Impedance 2.2k (MyDAQ is 10 G ) Low impedance, may need to buffer your input signals Set parameters with Config File (Initialize on PC) Have VI and .m file to read binary data files PIC-32 microcontroller; Two AD7689 A/D Chips MORE INFO ON THE E80 WEBSITE! ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 14

  15. SingleSided Circuits Data logger expects 0 V to 3.3 V signals Classical op-amp circuit power 15 V Low-voltage op-amp circuit power 1.4 V to 3 V 0-to-2.8 V to 0-to-6 V Signal offset Normal signal that goes above and below zero will need DC offset Reference offset Virtual ground This is where we want all signals referenced WHAT IS A VIRTUAL GROUND? ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 15

  16. Inverting Amps LOW POWER OP-AMP ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 16

  17. Inverting Amps LOW POWER OP-AMP What are these for? ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 17

  18. Inverting Amps LOW POWER OP-AMP These filter out noise in the power lines; Use them! ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 18

  19. Inverting Amps LOW POWER OP-AMP ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 19

  20. Inverting Amps LOW POWER OP-AMP Virtual Ground This offsets the op-amp so that the signal is centered between 0 and 5 V High side of battery Low side of battery ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 20

  21. Inverting Amps LOW POWER OP-AMP If you are powering your circuit by battery and you have a single sided supply, you need to think of creating a virtual ground halfway between your low and high on your op amp; then offset your signal so that you have your average value in the middle instead of zero Data logger needs 0 to 3.3 V; You could go from 0 to 3.3 V with 1.8 V as center Virtual Ground This offsets the op-amp so that the signal is centered between 0 and 5 V High side of battery Low side of battery ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 21

  22. Non-Inverting Amps ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 22

  23. Scientific vs. Engineering Measurements WHAT S THE DIFFERENCE? ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 23

  24. Scientific vs. Engineering Measurements Engineering Measurements What you measure about a rocket. Scientific Measurements What you measure with a rocket. ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 24

  25. Sensor Requirement You are required to have a MINIMUM of 2 types of sensors One thermocouple and one thermistor would count Two thermocouples would NOT count ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 25

  26. What Does a PC Board with Sensors Look Like? WHERE WOULD I FIND THIS? ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 26

  27. What Does a PC Board with Sensors Look Like? SOURCE: http://www.eng.hmc.edu/NewE80/LargePhotos/KC20120421_IMG_1658.jpg ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 27

  28. Sensor Requirement You are required to have a MINIMUM of 2 types of sensors One thermocouple and one thermistor would count Two thermocouples would NOT count SOURCE: http://www.eng.hmc.edu/NewE80/LargePhotos/KC20120421_IMG_1658.jpg ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 28

  29. Speed of Sensor Response We recommend using At least one sensor with a time constant faster than 1 ms Bandwidth 1 kHz tS< 0.1tP Sensor adequate: The bandwidth of the sensor is 10 times higher than the phenomenon that you want to measure Sensor Needs deconvolution: 0.1tP<tS<10tP tS>10tP Sensor is Hopeless : ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 29

  30. Effect of Temperature Sensor Time Constant ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 30

  31. Temperature Measurement Devices in Lab > ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 31

  32. Effect of Temperature Sensor Time Constant PML Phobos on H123W-M Effect of Temp. Sensor Time Constant At standard lapse rate T = 7.8 C @ 1200 m AGL Temperature drops by 0.0065oC for every meter going up ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 32

  33. Effect of Temperature Sensor Time Constant PML Phobos on H123W-M Effect of Temp. Sensor Time Constant PML Phobos on H123W-M Hysteresis of Temp. sensor ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 33

  34. Actual Data from Sensors ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 34

  35. Actual Data from Sensors Speed of Sound = 343 m/s ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 35

  36. Actual Data from Sensors ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 36

  37. Actual Data from Sensors WHY THE DISCREPANCY? ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 37

  38. Actual Data from Sensors Pnut assumes Standard Atmospheric Model Dry Air Temperature Varies Linearly ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 38

  39. Sensor Requirement You are required to have a MINIMUM of 2 types of sensors One thermocouple and one thermistor would count Two thermocouples would NOT count WHAT OTHER TYPES OF SENSORS COULD WE USE? Pressure Altimeter Pitot-Static Tube Gas/Humidity Sensor Vibration Sensor; Light Sensor ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 39

  40. Sensor Requirement You are required to have a MINIMUM of 2 types of sensors One thermocouple and one thermistor would count Two thermocouples would NOT count WHAT OTHER TYPES OF SENSORS COULD WE USE? Pressure Altimeter Pitot-Static Tube Accelerometer/Rate Gyroscope Gas/Humidity Sensor; Vibration Sensor; Light Sensor ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 40

  41. Sensor Requirements Your Team has a Budget of $50 Air Temperature Sensor Sensor in the free stream Pressure Altimeter No flow; 3 or 4 symmetric pressure taps Accelerometer/Rate Gyroscope Known fixed orientation Means to deal with baseline and drift Pitot-Static Tube Pitot tube in free stream and direction of motion Static Tap should be normal to the flow Preferable 4+ calibers (rocket tube diameters) from the nose cone Multiple in symmetric pattern is best SOURCE: http://cdn2.bigcommerce.com/server2900/730e2/products/56/images/248/PnutTop__64333.1405342120.1280.640.png?c=2 SOURCE: http://www.ipscustom.com/ProdImages/Wire_E_tt_pp_m.gif SOURCE: http://web.stanford.edu/class/me220/data/lectures/lect05/static_probe.gif ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 41

  42. Sensor Requirements Light Sensor Proper orientation and view field Vibration Sensor Best on anti-node; avoid node Nor for DC strain Gas Humidity Sensor Gas flow to sensor is desired Particle/Dust Sensor Gas flow through sensor If optical, reduce or eliminate background light Often needs pulse train SOURCE: http://www.digikey.com/product-search/en?vendor=0&keywords=605-00004-ND SOURCE: http://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/HIH-5030- 001/480-3294-1-ND/2061078 SOURCE: http://www.digikey.com/product- detail/en/GP2Y1010AU0F/425-2068-ND/720164 ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 42

  43. Sensor Placement Sensors need to be placed in locations where a measurement is desired Easiest in Payload Section Next easiest in Nosecone Ports/Channels to rout to exterior Don t forget separation for recovery Can run (very long) wires through shock cord Can make connector that separates at recovery Can have separate sections ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 43

  44. What Does a Rocket with Sensors Look Like? WHERE WOULD I FIND THIS? ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 44

  45. What Does a Rocket with Sensors Look Like? SOURCE: http://www.eng.hmc.edu/NewE80/LargePhotos/20140419_E80-FirstLaunch_SMM_341.jpg ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 45

  46. Video Camera Battery charged by USB 40 minute battery time on full charge Creates 720P .mov file on microSD 10 minutes per 1 GB On 16 GB card will run out of battery before storage Physical Mounting Method Duct tape? Electrical tape? Location Center of pressure? Field of View ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 46

  47. Power Requirements Power Inputs Data Logger: 6 V to 20 V IMU: 5 V (regulated) & 3 V to 3.3 V (regulated) AD623AN: 3 V to 12 V or 1.5 V to 6 V MPC 60XX: 2.7 V to 6 V Other sensors TBD Must measure current draw of final circuit Batteries must power for 1 hour minimum Battery capacity (in mAh) / Average current consumption (in mA) = Hours of expected runtime Turn on before launch, stay on during flight, turn off after recovery. ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 47

  48. Power Sources Your Team has a Budget of $50 Power sources 9 V lithium, 750 mAh 1.5 V AAA Alkaline, 1000 mAh; Lithium, 1200 mAh AA Alkaline, 2700 mAh; Lithium, 3000 mAh 12 V (NEDEA- 1811A), 55 mAh LiPo (Rechargable, High Power Density, Special Charger, HazMat) 3.7 V, up to 5000 mAh 7.4 V, up to 5000 mAh 11.1 V, up to 5000 mAh NiMH (Rechargable) NiCd (Rechargable) Your team will decide on which power source to use ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 48

  49. Surviving What does your rocket have to survive during launch? BE THE ROCKET ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 49

  50. Temperature 1) Temperature at Launch Often 2 C at 6 AM Solar heating of payload section to 50 C+ At standard lapse rate T = 7.8 C @ 1200 m AGL Temperature drops by 0.0065oC for every meter going up Standards for Parts Commercial Grade: 0 C to 70 C Industrial Grade: 40 C to 85 C Military Grade: 55 C to 125 C ENGINEERING 80 Flight Hardware 50

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