Overview of Founding and European Exploration in the New World

undefined
 
PERIOD 1: 1491-1607
 
Founding & Settling the New World
Peopling North America
hundreds of tribes, dozens of languages & cultures
 Estimated 54 million people in the Americas by Columbus
Prominent American Civilizations
THE PUEBLO CULTURE: CORN PLANTING, ENDED NOMADICISM
Incas 
 Peru
Mayans 
 Central America
Aztecs 
 Mexico and SW US
Highly organized agricultural societies which featured trade, calendars, scientific findings, and various religions.
NORTH AMERICAN SOCIETIES: VARIOUS COMBINATIONS AGRICULTURE AND HUNTING
Cahokia Mound builders 
 Mississippi
Iroquois Confederacy 
 New York  
Alliance of 5 tribes to end wars between groups, became one of the most powerful North American tribes
Chinook – Pacific Northwest
“Three Sister” Farmers: Creek, Choctaw, Cherokee 
 Southeastern Atlantic 
combination of beans, corn & squash
Women
: tended crops, men hunted = power to women, come 
matrilineal
 cultures
Natural Resources
 : nature had spiritual properties, sparse populations did not overburden, often utilized firs for land clearing
 
European Exploration & The Columbian Exchange
reasons for exploration
 
Renaissance Period 
Advances in Technology
Gunpowder, sailing compass, sextant, astrolabe
Decline in feudalism
Religion (GOD)
Expansion of Catholicism – mission system
Protestant Reformation
Crusades
Competition (GLORY)
Unification of Spain : 
 Spanish Armada & Reconquista
Treaty of Tordesilla & the Line of Demarcation
Trade (GOLD)
Search for new routes to Asia
Portuguese infiltrated sub-Saharan Africa = slave trade
Colonization
Joint-stock companies
European Exploration & The Columbian Exchange
impacts of exploration
Columbian Exchange: the movement of
people, diseases, plants, and animals among
societies on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean
In addition to the slave trade…
New World gave precious metals, crops (corn,
potatoes, pineapples, tomatoes, tobacco, beans,
vanilla, sugar),  syphilis
Old World gave LOTS of diseases (smallpox,
measles, bubonic plagues, influenza, typhus,
diphtheria, scarlet fever), horses, cows, pigs, wheat,
sugar, rice, coffee
90% of Native Populations are estimated to have died
Encomienda System
Social Hierarchy – Mestizos & Zambos
Asiento system – transport of African slaves to the
New World – a tax was paid to the Spanish king per
slave imported
How to treat Native Americans?
Juan de Sepulveda
Bartolome de Las Casas
Juan de Onate
 
European Exploration & The Columbian Exchange
impacts of exploration
 
SPANISH COLONIES : THREE G’S
1565 –St. Augustine, Florida 
Juanillo’s Revolt – 1597
1610 – Santa Fe 
Pope’s Rebellion (Pueblo Revolt) – 1680
Texas Settlements
1769 – San Diego
The Black Legend
Negative long term impact on Spanish Economy
FRENCH COLONIES : FUR TRADE
1608 – Quebec
1682 – Louisiana
Religion
 : Jesuit missionaries, Huguenots, Edict of Nantes
Fostered relations and somewhat accommodated Native Culture
 
ENGLISH COLONIES – THREE G’S
1587 – Roanoke 
The Lost Colony
1607 – Jamestown 
Starvation Period : John Smith & Rolfe
Funded by the Virginia Company
“Indian Fighters” destroyed Powhatan tribe
Bacon’s Rebellion
1620 – Plymouth 
Pequot War, King Phillip’s War
Early trade with Natives, little social mixing as English saw Natives as
“savages”
Expulsion of Natives, rather than subjugation, very limited missionary work
Introduction of 
indentured servants
DUTCH COLONIES – FUR TRADE
1590 – Guyana/Caribbean
1609 – New Amsterdam
1626 – New York
Dutch West Indies Co. , brought slaves to US
Land grants to immigrants, fostered diverse population
Surrendered land to England in 1667
Slide Note
Embed
Share

Peopling North America involved diverse tribes and cultures, including advanced civilizations like the Pueblo, Incas, Mayans, and Aztecs. European exploration, driven by the pursuit of gold, glory, and spreading religion, led to the Columbian Exchange, impacting societies on both sides of the Atlantic through the exchange of goods, diseases, and people.


Uploaded on Sep 07, 2024 | 1 Views


Download Presentation

Please find below an Image/Link to download the presentation.

The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author. Download presentation by click this link. If you encounter any issues during the download, it is possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. PERIOD 1: 1491-1607 Founding & Settling the New World

  2. Peopling North America hundreds of tribes, dozens of languages & cultures Estimated 54 million people in the Americas by Columbus Prominent American Civilizations THE PUEBLO CULTURE: CORN PLANTING, ENDED NOMADICISM Incas Peru Mayans Central America Aztecs Mexico and SW US Highly organized agricultural societies which featured trade, calendars, scientific findings, and various religions. NORTH AMERICAN SOCIETIES: VARIOUS COMBINATIONS AGRICULTURE AND HUNTING Cahokia Mound builders Mississippi Iroquois Confederacy New York Alliance of 5 tribes to end wars between groups, became one of the most powerful North American tribes Chinook Pacific Northwest Three Sister Farmers: Creek, Choctaw, Cherokee Southeastern Atlantic combination of beans, corn & squash Women: tended crops, men hunted = power to women, come matrilineal cultures Natural Resources : nature had spiritual properties, sparse populations did not overburden, often utilized firs for land clearing

  3. European Exploration & The Columbian Exchange reasons for exploration Renaissance Period Advances in Technology Gunpowder, sailing compass, sextant, astrolabe Decline in feudalism Religion (GOD) Expansion of Catholicism mission system Protestant Reformation Crusades Competition (GLORY) Unification of Spain : Spanish Armada & Reconquista Treaty of Tordesilla & the Line of Demarcation Trade (GOLD) Search for new routes to Asia Portuguese infiltrated sub-Saharan Africa = slave trade Colonization Joint-stock companies

  4. European Exploration & The Columbian Exchange impacts of exploration Columbian Exchange: the movement of people, diseases, plants, and animals among societies on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean In addition to the slave trade New World gave precious metals, crops (corn, potatoes, pineapples, tomatoes, tobacco, beans, vanilla, sugar), syphilis Old World gave LOTS of diseases (smallpox, measles, bubonic plagues, influenza, typhus, diphtheria, scarlet fever), horses, cows, pigs, wheat, sugar, rice, coffee 90% of Native Populations are estimated to have died Encomienda System Social Hierarchy Mestizos & Zambos Asiento system transport of African slaves to the New World a tax was paid to the Spanish king per slave imported How to treat Native Americans? Juan de Sepulveda Bartolome de Las Casas Juan de Onate

  5. European Exploration & The Columbian Exchange impacts of exploration SPANISH COLONIES : THREE G S 1565 St. Augustine, Florida Juanillo s Revolt 1597 1610 Santa Fe Pope s Rebellion (Pueblo Revolt) 1680 Texas Settlements 1769 San Diego The Black Legend Negative long term impact on Spanish Economy ENGLISH COLONIES THREE G S 1587 Roanoke The Lost Colony 1607 Jamestown Starvation Period : John Smith & Rolfe Funded by the Virginia Company Indian Fighters destroyed Powhatan tribe Bacon s Rebellion 1620 Plymouth Pequot War, King Phillip s War Early trade with Natives, little social mixing as English saw Natives as savages Expulsion of Natives, rather than subjugation, very limited missionary work Introduction of indentured servants FRENCH COLONIES : FUR TRADE 1608 Quebec 1682 Louisiana Religion : Jesuit missionaries, Huguenots, Edict of Nantes Fostered relations and somewhat accommodated Native Culture DUTCH COLONIES FUR TRADE 1590 Guyana/Caribbean 1609 New Amsterdam 1626 New York Dutch West Indies Co. , brought slaves to US Land grants to immigrants, fostered diverse population Surrendered land to England in 1667

Related


More Related Content

giItT1WQy@!-/#giItT1WQy@!-/#giItT1WQy@!-/#giItT1WQy@!-/#