Zoonotic Diseases and Prevention Strategies

Zoonotic diseases pose a risk as they can be transmitted from animals to humans under natural conditions. Awareness of transmission routes is crucial. Direct contact, ingestion, aerosol, and indirect transmission through fomites or vectors are common means of spreading these diseases. Animals may not show visible signs of illness but can still harbor pathogens. Preventing exposure through proper hygiene practices like hand washing is key in reducing the risk of zoonotic infections. Various examples of zoonoses include Anthrax, Avian influenza, and Rabies, emphasizing the importance of preventive measures.

• Zoonotic Diseases
• Prevention Strategies
• Transmission Routes
• Hand Washing
• Awareness

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1. Health and Safety Zoonoses: Risks and Prevention

2. Zoonotic Disease Zoonosis Disease of animals Transmitted to humans Under natural conditions Awareness of routes of transmission Develop strategy to minimize risk Dorland s Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 28th Edition Zoonoses Risk and Prevention Just-In-Time Training

3. Disease Transmission Direct Contact Ingestion Aerosol Indirect Fomites Inanimate objects Vectors Living organism (e.g., insects) Zoonoses Risk and Prevention Just-In-Time Training

4. Direct Transmission Aerosol Droplets spread through the air Close proximity Enclosed barns Coughing, sneezing Contaminated soil Ingestion Contaminated food or water Contaminated meat from infected animal Direct contact Body fluids Urine, feces Saliva, blood Milk Tissues Lesions Carcass Parturition Zoonoses Risk and Prevention Just-In-Time Training

5. Indirect Transmission Fomites Contaminated inanimate object Buckets, shovels Vehicles, clothing Vector Living organism transfers disease between animals Mosquitoes, ticks, biting midges, flies Environment Soil Organic material Zoonoses Risk and Prevention Just-In-Time Training

6. Points to Remember Animals may not exhibit obvious signs of disease Reservoir Harbors pathogen without illness Can be source of infection for others Not all pathogens spread by all routes of transmission Zoonoses Risk and Prevention Just-In-Time Training

7. Example Zoonoses Anthrax Avian influenza Brucellosis Cryptosporidiosis E. coli Leptospirosis Q Fever Rabies Ringworm Salmonellosis Tuberculosis Vesicular stomatitis Zoonoses Risk and Prevention Just-In-Time Training

8. PREVENTING EXPOSURE Zoonoses Risk and Prevention Just-In-Time Training

9. Zoonoses Prevention Hand washing After animal contact Before eating, drinking Limit contact with animals No food or drink in animal areas Zoonoses Risk and Prevention Just-In-Time Training

10. Personal Protective Equipment Gloves Creates a barrier between you and the disease Especially for hands with cuts, abrasions, chapped Wash hands after removing gloves Coveralls, boots Mask, goggles Zoonoses Risk and Prevention Just-In-Time Training

11. Cleaning and Disinfection Manure properly handled and removed Does not contaminate drinking water or equipment Clean, disinfect soiled equipment Clean and disinfect (or dispose of) PPE after response activity Wash hands after removing any PPE Zoonoses Risk and Prevention Just-In-Time Training

12. Aerosol Adequate ventilation Control dust Wear masks in certain situations Handling infectious animals or their tissues Assisting with calving Power washing Zoonoses Risk and Prevention Just-In-Time Training

13. Vector Control Source reduction Habitat reduction/elimination Parasitic or predatory insects Control adults Insecticides Knockdown and residual sprays Baits, fly traps Minimize interaction with insects Personal protection Zoonoses Risk and Prevention Just-In-Time Training

14. Biosecurity for Zoonotic Diseases Route of Transmission Direct Contact Possible Biosecurity Measures Limit contact with infected animals Hand washing Personal protective equipment Cleaning and disinfection procedures Hand washing Personal protective equipment Personal protective equipment Cleaning and disinfection procedures Fomites Aerosol Ingestion Vectors (e.g., insects) Pest management procedures Zoonoses Risk and Prevention Just-In-Time Training

15. Acknowledgments Development of this presentation was by the Center for Food Security and Public Health at Iowa State University through funding from the Multi-State Partnership for Security in Agriculture Author: Glenda Dvorak, DVM, MPH, DACVPM