Year 8 History: The Black Death Overview

This content provides a detailed overview of the Black Death in Year 8 History, exploring the beliefs and treatments during that time, including cloze passages and historical context. Discover the misconceptions about disease causation, remedies used, and societal impacts of the Black Death epidemic.

• History
• Black Death
• Year 8
• Epidemic
• Remedies

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1. Year 8 History The Black Death Starter Sheets Readings

2. Year 8 Hist: The Black Death Lesson 1 Cloze passage. Fill in the blanks as we go through the slides. People still didn t know about Germs and thought many things caused disease:- Bad ___________________________________ Out of __________________________________ Humours Movement of the Sun and __________________________________ God and the __________________________________ Invisible __________________________________and poisonous air HUMOUR TEMPER ORGAN Black bile Melancholic Spleen ___________ ___________ Lungs Blood Sanguine ___________ ___________ Choleric Gall Bladder NATURE Cold Dry ___________ Warm Wet Warm Dry ELEMENT _____________ Water ___________ Fire The ideas people had about the cause of the Black death were pretty ___________________of attitudes towards disease and ___________________ at the time. People held a mixture of natural and supernatural explanations, and so treated illnesses accordingly with a mixture of ___________________ and supernatural remedies. Who treated the sick depended on the patient s ___________________ status. Only the rich could afford a doctor, so women in the home remained ___________________ for treating illness (and midwifery) To diagnose the ill, doctors used a ___________________ chart. The process of diagnosis through urine was called uroscopy . The doctor would check the ___________________ l, colour and density he might even taste it. This was linked very ___________________ with the Theory of the Four Humours e.g. very white urine was a sign of too much phlegm in the body. Zodiac Charts were used to time the treatment of a patient carefully, and they showed how the ___________________ of the stars affected the human body. If a doctor treated a certain part of the body when the positions of the stars were wrong, the patient could die! Simple ___________________ performed no anaesthetic so still very dangerous. Bleeding was a ___________________ treatment Bleeding charts told the surgeon where to take ___________________ from Warm cups and ___________________ were used to draw the blood out. Rich people were bled regularly to avoid disease it was thought to clear the ___________________ and strengthen the memory , amongst other things. Most treatment done in the ___________________ (especially as only rich could see the doctor) Women used herbal ___________________, but so did the doctors and priests. Many of these remedies would work (e.g. Plantain, onions, garlic, wine and bulls gall were used as antibiotics). These were passed on by word ___________________ as many poor people could not ___________________ or write If none of the ___________________ used worked, there was not a lot that people could do except _______________. Superstitious treatments e.g. chants, weird rituals like stuffing a cat with a ___________________ of herbs before roasting it and anointing patient in the drippings.

3. not carry the plague) meant that London's streets would never again echo to the dismal cry: "Bring out At the time of the Restoration, London had a population of about half a million people. It was Europe's 3. Circle the metalanguage words : epidemic, extermination, population, Restoration, vaccines they had been made from the hair of plague victims. Fortunately this epidemic was the last of its kind made worse in 1665 because the summer was unusually hot and the rubbish which littered the streets carts went round the streets, the carters calling "Bring out your dead". No one really knows how many in England. Increased cleanliness and the extermination of the black rats by the brown rats (which do free of it for the previous thirty years. Once the epidemic began, there was little chance of bringing largest city. Its streets were still narrow and usually dirty, as they had been in Queen Elizabeth II s 1. Write down the heading. ________________________________________________ it to a halt. People then had none of the vaccines which we have today to fight diseases. Things were 15. The rhyme "Ring-a-ring a rosey, a pocket full ofposey" tells of the symptoms and eventual death words "Lord have mercy upon us" on the door to show that someone inside had the plague. At night, All who could, left the city. The streets were empty. House after house would have a cross and the Outbreaks of the plague had occurred periodically in England ever since 1349,but London had been plague in England, for before long the germ-carrying black rat was exterminated by the brown rat. there were more than 7,000 deaths in London every week. This was the last great outbreak of the population. That winter Samuel Pepys wrote in his diary that many still refused to buy wigs in case ___________________________________________________________________ people died during the outbreak, which lasted in all over a year, but at the height of the epidemic There is no evidence in either SOURCE to support the statement. Be prepared to justify your 8. "Bring out your dead" was the cry of the carters that came at night to take away the dead. When the plague died down 100,000 people had lost their lives -nearly a quarter of London's 4. Write down the words you don t know the meaning of or find difficult to spell. For each of the following statements (1-15) answer if A,B,C or D is correct: provided breeding grounds for the rats and fleas which spread the plague. 11. We can only make estimates of the number who died during the plague. 10. Lack of cleanliness was one of the main causes of the bubonic plague. 7. The symptoms of the plague were a red rash followed by sneezing. There is evidence in SOURCE TWO alone to support the statement; There is evidence in SOURCE ONE alone to support the statement; 5. The plague had affected England from time to time before 1665. There is evidence in BOTH SOURCES to support the statement; Year 8 Hist: The Black Death Lesson 2 Reading activity 3. The evidence is partly based on the reports of Samuel Pepys. 13. The plague even claimed the King as one of its victims. day. A terrible epidemic of the plague broke out in 1665. 6. Houses with plague victims were marked with a cross. 1. The plague killed large part of England's population. 4. The epidemic was the last of its kind in England. 14. The plague had an effect on the sale of wigs. 9. The plague spread from England to Europe. 12. Many plague victims were buried in pits. 2. The plague was spread by brown rats. 2. Number the paragraphs. 7. Highlight 5 adjectives The Black Death Effects 8. Highlight 3 adverbs 6. Highlight 5 verbs. 5. Highlight 5 nouns. from the plague. Source Two: Source One: your dead". answers.

4. plague, their ships were greeted with burning ______________________ and refused entry into any Italian ports. The French, ___________________ of the danger, allowed the ships to berth at their spread very quickly. Few _____________ escaped. The Churchyards filled up with bodies. At night Contemporary evidence is available to show us how the people of the day reacted to the ____________of the cities, towns and villages of western Europe. English soldiers on leave from the ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ What evidence is there in Samuel Pepys diary of people having superstitious beliefs about the spread a. ___________________________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________________________ 1. Write down the heading. ________________________________________________ horror as their families and friends died around them. By the end of ____________ two and a half They brought the plague with them when they ______________________to Europe. This day, much against my Will, I did in Drury-lane see two or three houses marked with a red cross The plague began in _____________in the 1320s. It infected Europeans in 1347 as a apprehension. [Houses infected by the Plague had to have a red cross one foot high marked on their first of that kind that to my remembrance I ever saw. It put me into an ill conception of myself and value, especially against the Plague. It is said that at Eton one boy was flogged for being discovered result of the Mongol siege of the port of Caffa. Caffa was defended by merchants and sailors from When it became known that the Genoese sailors were ___________________________ with the The plague arrived in ______________. during the summer of _____________ It my smell, so that I was forced to buy some roll tobacco to smell to and chaw - which took away the the dead were piled on __________ and taken to be ___________________ People watched in upon the doors, and "Lord have mercy upon us" writ there - which was a sad sight to me, being the ___________________________________________________________________ door and were shut up - often with the victims inside. Tobacco was highly prized for its medicinal most returned unaware Over the next _________________ years, the plague spread inland throughout Hundred Years War carried the ____________________ with them back to England in 1348. Did people in the seventeenth century deal with the spread of disease in a scientific manner? 3. Write down the words you don t know the meaning of or find difficult to spell. the ________________ town of Genoa. The Genoese were defeated, but were able to 9. Write down 3 things you have learnt from reading this passage. infected Italian Year 8 Hist The Black Death Lesson 3 Reading Activity People, Buried, England, 1348, Villages, Carts, 1350, Burnt Plague. Consider the words used by Samuel Pepys in his diary: arrows China continue disease four million __________________. were dead. ____________________ their trade. (Samuel Pepys diary 7th June 1665) 2. Number the paragraphs. 7. Highlight 5 adjectives 8. Highlight 3 adverbs How the plague spread 6. Highlight 5 verbs. 5. Highlight 5 nouns. port of Marseilles. of the Plague? not smoking.

5. There is panic Europe as nobody knows what is causing the plague. There are lots of different ______________________________________________________________________ Today I am going to tell you about what is happening in England at the moment the year 1350. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ People are suffering from this really bad illness known as the B_ _ _ _ _ D_ _ _ _ _, some of The plague has devastated Europe (explain how many people have died) People are trying to stop the plague by using different cures such as Year 8 Hist: The Black death Lesson 4 Black Death diary theories of what is causing the plague some of these are Firstly, the black death has devastated my village Draw a picture of anything to do with the plague the symptoms are Dear Diary,