Web Proxies and Proxy Architectures

Web proxies play a crucial role in networking by facilitating web requests between clients and servers. They come in various types such as forward proxies, reverse proxies, and open forward proxies, each with unique functionalities like content filtering, translation, and load balancing. This article explores different proxy architectures and their benefits in network services.

• Web Proxies
• Network Service
• Proxy Architectures
• Forward Proxy
• Reverse Proxy

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2. Web Proxies COMP3220 Web Infrastructure Dr Heather Packer hp3@ecs.soton.ac.uk

3. Web Proxy Architecture A web proxy is a network service They receive web requests from clients and make requests on their behalf to web servers A web proxies behaviour differs depending on their function 3

4. No Proxy 4

5. Forward Proxy P 5

6. Forward Proxy Content Filtering P Restricts requests that can be made via proxy Outgoing URLs matched against list of blocked sites Response can be scanned Unwanted content Malware 6

7. Forward Proxy Content Translation P Transform responses Reduce bandwidth usage by client Commonly used by mobile phone networks Recompress images at lower resolution Minimising html, css and javascript Inject content into web pages eg adverts 7

8. Open Forward Proxy P 8

9. Open Forward Proxy - Access Services Anonymously P Client accessing website via proxy: Masks their IP address Modifies their location (via GeoIP) Improve anonymity Defeat geo-blocking 9

10. Reverse Proxy P 10

11. Reverse Proxy Load-balancing P Distributes incoming web requests to a pool of web servers (targets) Performance and availability Many strategies including: round robin, weighted round robin Health checks ensure resilience 11

12. Reverse Proxy Content Switching static P html Examine incoming request and direct traffic to specific web servers Host or path based eg: https://example.com/static -> static webserver Incoming IP address, cookie or user-agent api 12

13. Reverse Proxy Protocol Translation P HTTPS SSL/TLS off-loading (OSI Layer 6) Incoming web requests over https, internal communications via http HTTP/2 to HTTP/1.x (OSI Layer 7) IPv6 <-> IPv4 (OSI Layer 3) 13

14. Reverse Proxy Monitoring and filtering P Monitor incoming requests Access logs / statistics Filter incoming requests Check security credentials (eg valid API tokens) Rate limit requests Intrusion detection and handling DDoS attacks Applying security policies (WAF) 14

15. Learning outcomes Many different types of proxies are deployed on the Web Different proxies are deployed for different purposes 15