Volleyball Referee Hand Signals for Common Violations
Make a slow circular motion with
arm and hand outstretched on the
side of the violating team, palm
down; then point towards the
player(s) involved.
ILLEGAL ALIGNMENT
IMPROPER SERVER
Indicate the line where the violation
occurred by extending arm and
pointing toward the line with the
index finger with palm facing the
net.
Includes foot faults, player across the center line
and ball passing under the net during play
(exception: a serve).
LINE VIOLATION
Slowly lift one arm and hand with
the palm up on the side of the
violating team, then hold the signal
momentarily about chest high.
ILLEGAL HIT
Raise the hand on the server’s side
to a vertical position at head height
with the fingers spread, palm
forward.
DELAY OF SERVICE
Pass forearm, palm down, over the
net, originating from the side of the
net where the foul occurred.
OVER THE NET
Hold the arm outstretched on the
side of the violating team lightly
touching the side of the net with
open hand, fingers spread and palm
toward the net.
NET FOUL or NET SERVE
Arm on attacker’s side of the net is
extended parallel to the floor at
chest level, palm down. Then, make
one slight horizontal sweeping
motion when, in the judgment of
the official, it is needed to indicate a
legal back-row attacker.
LEGAL BACK ROW ATTACK
Raise hand on the side of the
offending team with palm forward,
head high and rotate forearm
forward and downward.
ILLEGAL ATTACK OF SERVE
BACK ROW ATTACK
Raise both hands to head height,
palms forward.
ILLEGAL BLOCK/SCREENING
The hand on the side of the
offending team is held beside the
head with the palm toward the
head, then brush upward across the
fingertips one time with the other
hand, palm forward.
BALL TOUCHED
The hand and arm on the side of the
offending team is held high, palm
forward, showing four fingers.
FOUR HITS
The hand and arm on the side of the
offending team is held head high,
palm forward, showing two fingers.
DOUBLE HIT
Outstretched open hand, with
fingers together pointing toward the
center of the attack area between
the center line and attack line.
BALL LANDS IN-BOUNDS
Raise both hands, head high, fingers
together, palms toward face, elbows
bent.
OUT OF BOUNDS
ANTENNA VIOLATION
Extend the arm on the serving
team’s side of the net, blow the
whistle to begin the serve and move
the extended hand and arm in a
sweeping motion to the opposite
shoulder.
BEGIN SERVE
Extend the arm (palm forward) on
the substitution side and make a
forward sweeping motion waist
high, open palm toward the
respective court.
AUTHORIZATION TO ENTER
Indicates point by extending the arm
in the direction of the team that will
serve next, palm perpendicular to
the floor.
POINT
Both hands formed into fists,
thumbs up and held head high in
front of the body.
REPLAY/RE-SERVE
Rotate hands formed into fists,
thumbs up and held head high in
front of the body.
SUBSTITUTION
Hold arm on side of offending team
head high with an open hand,
fingers together. Rotate twice with
elbow bent. Then indicate the court
of the offending team. FOLLOWED
BY SIGNAL 21a or SIGNAL 17.
ILLEGAL SUBSTITUTION
Place the palm of one hand
horizontally over the hand on the
side requesting the time-out,
forming a “T”, then indicate the
court of the team requesting the
time-out by extending the vertical
arm towards that court.
TEAM TIME-OUT
Place the palm of one hand
horizontally over the hand on the
side requesting the time-out,
forming a “T”, then tap top of
shoulders once with both hands.
OFFICIALS TIME-OUT
Both hands placed on the hips with
elbows straight out to the side.
Then indicate the court of the
offending team. Followed by signal
21a or 17.
UNNECESSARY DELAY
Arms are crossed in front of the
body, chest high with hands open,
fingers together, palms toward chest
then extend arms outward towards
the end lines. The referees signal
the game is completed and players
shall move to stand on their
respective end lines.
END OF GAME
Raise forearms, swinging right arm
in front of the body and the left arm
back of the body. Used after non-
deciding games to direct teams to
change courts (or after the coin toss
prior to the final game if a change of
courts is required).
CHANGE OF COURTS
Learn the essential hand signals used by volleyball referees to indicate common violations during a game. Signals include illegal alignment, line violation, illegal hit, delay of service, over the net, net foul, legal back row attack, illegal attack of serve back row attack, and illegal block/screening. Each signal is accompanied by a detailed description and image for clear understanding.
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Presentation Transcript
ILLEGAL ALIGNMENT IMPROPER SERVER Make a slow circular motion with arm and hand outstretched on the side of the violating team, palm down; then point towards the player(s) involved.
LINE VIOLATION Indicate the line where the violation occurred by extending arm and pointing toward the line with the index finger with palm facing the net. Includes foot faults, player across the center line and ball passing under the net during play (exception: a serve).
ILLEGAL HIT Slowly lift one arm and hand with the palm up on the side of the violating team, then hold the signal momentarily about chest high.
DELAY OF SERVICE Raise the hand on the server s side to a vertical position at head height with the fingers spread, palm forward.
OVER THE NET Pass forearm, palm down, over the net, originating from the side of the net where the foul occurred.
NET FOUL or NET SERVE Hold the arm outstretched on the side of the violating team lightly touching the side of the net with open hand, fingers spread and palm toward the net.
LEGAL BACK ROW ATTACK Arm on attacker s side of the net is extended parallel to the floor at chest level, palm down. Then, make one slight horizontal sweeping motion when, in the judgment of the official, it is needed to indicate a legal back-row attacker.
ILLEGAL ATTACK OF SERVE BACK ROW ATTACK Raise hand on the side of the offending team with palm forward, head high and rotate forearm forward and downward.
ILLEGAL BLOCK/SCREENING Raise both hands to head height, palms forward.
BALL TOUCHED The hand on the side of the offending team is held beside the head with the palm toward the head, then brush upward across the fingertips one time with the other hand, palm forward.
FOUR HITS The hand and arm on the side of the offending team is held high, palm forward, showing four fingers.
DOUBLE HIT The hand and arm on the side of the offending team is held head high, palm forward, showing two fingers.
BALL LANDS IN-BOUNDS Outstretched open hand, with fingers together pointing toward the center of the attack area between the center line and attack line.
OUT OF BOUNDS ANTENNA VIOLATION Raise both hands, head high, fingers together, palms toward face, elbows bent.
BEGIN SERVE Extend the arm on the serving team s side of the net, blow the whistle to begin the serve and move the extended hand and arm in a sweeping motion to the opposite shoulder.
AUTHORIZATION TO ENTER Extend the arm (palm forward) on the substitution side and make a forward sweeping motion waist high, open palm toward the respective court.
POINT Indicates point by extending the arm in the direction of the team that will serve next, palm perpendicular to the floor.
REPLAY/RE-SERVE Both hands formed into fists, thumbs up and held head high in front of the body.
SUBSTITUTION Rotate hands formed into fists, thumbs up and held head high in front of the body.
ILLEGAL SUBSTITUTION Hold arm on side of offending team head high with an open hand, fingers together. Rotate twice with elbow bent. Then indicate the court of the offending team. FOLLOWED BY SIGNAL 21a or SIGNAL 17.
TEAM TIME-OUT Place the palm of one hand horizontally over the hand on the side requesting the time-out, forming a T , then indicate the court of the team requesting the time-out by extending the vertical arm towards that court.
OFFICIALS TIME-OUT Place the palm of one hand horizontally over the hand on the side requesting the time-out, forming a T , then tap top of shoulders once with both hands.
UNNECESSARY DELAY Both hands placed on the hips with elbows straight out to the side. Then indicate the court of the offending team. Followed by signal 21a or 17.
END OF GAME Arms are crossed in front of the body, chest high with hands open, fingers together, palms toward chest then extend arms outward towards the end lines. The referees signal the game is completed and players shall move to stand on their respective end lines.
CHANGE OF COURTS Raise forearms, swinging right arm in front of the body and the left arm back of the body. Used after non- deciding games to direct teams to change courts (or after the coin toss prior to the final game if a change of courts is required).
